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| 1 | Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau显示文摘Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden. | TANG Keli+1, ZHANG Keli 1,2 and LEI Aling 1,3 1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China 2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3. Water Resources C | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，5： | 16 |
| 2 | Spectroscopic evidence for triplet excitation energy transfer among carotenoids in the LH2 complex from photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris显示文摘The LH2 complex from Rhodopsudomonas (Rps.) palustris is unique in the heterogeneous carotenoid compositions. The dynamics of triplet excited state Carotenoids (3Car*) has been investigated by means of sub-microsecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy both at physiological temperature (295 K) and at cryogenic temperature (77 K). Broad and asymmetric Tn←T1 transient absorption was observed at room temperature following the photo-excitation of Car at 532 nm, which suggests the contribution from various carotenoid compositions having different numbers of conjugated C=C double bonds (NC=C). The triplet absorption bands of different carotenoids, which superimposed at room temperature, could be clearly distinguished upon decreasing the temperature down to 77 K. At room temperature the shorter-wavelength side of the main Tn←T1 absorption band decayed rapidly to reach a spectral equilibration with a characteristic time constant of~1 μs, the same spectral dynamics, however, was not observed at 77 K. The aforementioned spectral dynamics can be explained in terms of the triplet-excitation transfer among heterogeneous carotenoid compositions. Global spectral analysis was applied to the time-resolved spectra at room temperature, which revealed two spectral components peaked at 545 and 565 nm, and assignable to the Tn←T1 absorption of Cars with NC=C=11 and NC=C=13, respectively. Surprisingly, the decay time constant of a shorter-con- jugated Car, I.e. 0.72 μs (aerobic) and 1.36 μs (anaerobic), is smaller than that of a longer-con- jugated Car, I.e. 2.12 μs (aerobic) and 3.75 μs (anaerobic), which is contradictory to the general rule of carotenoids and relative polyenes. The results are explained in terms of triplet-excitation transfer among different types of Cars. It is postulated that two Cars with different conjugation lengths coexist in an α,β-subunit in the LH2 complex. | FENG Juan, WANG Qian, ZHANG Xujia, HUANG Youguo, Al Xicheng, ZHANG Xingkang & ZHANG JianpingState Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2004 | Science China Chemistry2004，47，1： | 8 |
| 3 | 生物反馈治疗高血压临床疗效剖析显示文摘对89例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期高血压病人经一年的生物反馈治疗,发现疗效受多种生物心理社会因素的影响,其中收缩压稍低、高神经质(情绪不稳定)、愤怒分值和焦虑分值较高,以及社会支持程度较高的病人其治疗效果较好。 | Zhang Sufang et al, Depart-ment of Medical Psychology, Beijing Medical University. Beijing 100083 | 1995 | 中国心理卫生杂志1995，9，4： | 8 |
| 4 | Genetic diversity of pepper(Capsicum spp.) germplasm resources in China reflects selection for cultivar types and spatial distribution显示文摘Pepper(Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop in the world. Now the pepper in China contributes one-third of the world's peppers production. Genetic diversity of the pepper germplasm of China is expected interesting to know. To explore the structure of genetic diversity in Chinese pepper germplasm resources and possible relationship with cultivar types or geographic origin, we sampled and compared 372 Gen Bank pepper accessions(local cultivars and landraces) from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China and 31 additional accessions from other countries. These accessions were genotyped using 28 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers spanning the entire pepper genome. We then investigated the genetic structure of the sampled collection using model-based analysis in STRUCTURE v2.3.4 and examined genetic relationships by the unweighted pair-group method of mathematical averages(UPGMA) in MEGA. In addition to geographic origin, we evaluated eight plant and fruit traits. In total, 363 alleles were amplified using the 28 SSR primers. Gene diversity, polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of the 28 SSR loci were estimated as 0.09–0.92, 0.08–0.92 and 0.01–0.34, respectively. The UPGMA cluster analysis clearly distinguished Capsicum annuum L. from other cultivated pepper species. Population structure analysis of the 368 C. annuum accessions uncovered three genetic groups which also corresponded to distinct cultivar types with respect to the plant and fruit descriptors. The genetic structure was also related to the geographic origin of the landraces. Overall results indicate that genetic diversity of Chinese pepper landraces were structured by migration of genotypes followed by human selection for cultivar types in agreement with consumption modes and adaptation to the highly diversified agro-climatic conditions. | ZHANG Xiao-min ZHANG Zheng-hai GU Xiao-zhen MAO Sheng-li LI Xi-xiang Joel Chadceuf Al ain Palloix WANG Li-hao ZHANG Bao-xi | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，9： | 6 |
| 5 | A New Integrated Design Method Based on Fuzzy Matter-Element Optimization显示文摘This paper puts forward a new integrated design met ho d based on fuzzy matter-element optimization.On the based of analyzing the mod el of multi-objective fuzzy matter-element , the paper defines the m atter-element weightily and changes solving multi-objective fuzzy optimization into solving dependent function K(x) of the single-objective optimization according to the optimization criterion. The paper particularly describes the realization approach of GA process of multi -objective fuzzy matter-element optimization: encode, produce initial populati on, confirm fitness function, select operator, etc. In the process, the adaptive macro genetic algorithms (AMGA) is applied to enhancing the evolution speed. Th e paper improves the two genetic operators: crossover and mutation operator. The modified adaptive macro genetic algorithms (MAMGA) is put forward simultane ously. It is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Three optimization methods, namely fuzzy matter-element optimization method, li nearity weighted method and fuzzy optimization method, are compared by using the table and figure, it shows that not only MAMGA is a little better than the AMGA , but also it reaches the extent to which the effective iteration generation is 62.2% of simple genetic algorithms (SGA). By the calculation of optimum exam ple, the improved method of genetic in the paper is much better than the method in reference of paper. | ZHAO Yan-wei 1, ZHANG Guo-xian 2 (1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University o f Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China 2. College of Mechanical & Electronic al Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China) | 2002 | 厦门大学学报(自然科学版)2002，41，S1： | 5 |
| 6 | Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft,its conceptual design and energy management methodologies显示文摘The paper overviews the state-of-art of aircraft powered by hybrid electric propulsion systems.The research status of the design and energy management of hybrid aircraft and hybrid propulsion systems are further reviewed.The first contribution of the review is to demonstrate that,in the context of relatively underdeveloped electrical storage technologies,the study of mid-scale hybrid aircraft can contribute the most to both theoretical and practical knowledge.Meanwhile,the profits and potential drawbacks of applying hybrid propulsion to mid-scale hybrid airplanes have not been thoroughly illustrated.Secondly,as summed in the overview of design methodologies,the multi-objective optimization transcends the single-objective one.The potential of the hybrid propulsion system can be thoroughly evaluated in only one optimization run,if several objectives optimized simultaneously.Yet there are few researches covering the conceptual design of hybrid aircraft using multi-objective optimization.The review of the most popular energy management strategies discloses the third research gap—current methodologies favoured in hybrid ground vehicles do not consider the aircraft safety.Additionally,both non-causal and causal energy management are needed for performing a complicated flight mission with several sub-tasks. | Ye XIE Al SAVVARISAL Antonios TSOURDOS Dan ZHANG Jason GU | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2021，34，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice显示文摘To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China. | LI Lin ZHANG Zheng TIAN Hua Umair ASHRAF Yousef Alhaj HAMOUD Al Aasmi ALAA TANG Xiangru DUAN Meiyang WANG Zaiman PAN Shenggang | 2022 | Rice science2022，29，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Mechanically reprogrammable Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface for microwaves显示文摘Metasurfaces have enabled the realization of several optical functionalities over an ultrathin platform,fostering the exciting field of flat optics.Traditional metasurfaces are achieved by arranging a layout of static meta-atoms to imprint a desired operation on the impinging wavefront,but their functionality cannot be altered.Reconfigurability and programmability of metasurfaces are the next important step to broaden their impact,adding customized on-demand functionality in which each meta-atom can be individually reprogrammed.We demonstrate a mechanical metasurface platform with controllable rotation at the meta-atom level,which can implement continuous Pancharatnam–Berry phase control of circularly polarized microwaves.As the proof-of-concept experiments,we demonstrate metalensing,focused vortex beam generation,and holographic imaging in the same metasurface template,exhibiting versatility and superior performance.Such dynamic control of electromagnetic waves using a single,low-cost metasurface paves an avenue towards practical applications,driving the field of reprogrammable intelligent metasurfaces for a variety of applications. | Quan Xu Xiaoqiang Su Xueqian Zhang Lijuan Dong Lifeng Liu Yunlong Shi Qiu Wang Ming Kang Andrea Alù Shuang Zhang Jiaguang Han Weili Zhang | 2022 | Advanced Photonics2022，4，1： | 5 |
| 9 | Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation显示文摘This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation,detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power,high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid targets.It includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international laboratories.The mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they produce.The major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain,which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important applications.The physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains,in particular THz and MHz,is also discussed.The theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements,with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary diagnostics.Understanding the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions,which may have promising applications. | Fabrizio Consoli Vladimir TTikhonchuk Matthieu Bardon Philip Bradford David CCarroll Jakub Cikhardt Mattia Cipriani Robert JClarke Thomas ECowan Colin NDanson Riccardo De Angelis Massimo De Marco Jean-Luc Dubois Bertr Etchessahar Alejro Laso Garcia David IHillier Ales Honsa Weiman Jiang Viliam Kmetik Josef Krása Yutong Li FredériéLubrano Paul McKenna Josefine Metzkes-Ng Alexre Poyé Irene Prencipe Piotr Ra¸czka Rol ASmith Roman Vrana Nigel CWoolsey Egle Zemaityte Yihang Zhang Zhe Zhang Bernhard Zielbauer David Neely | 2020 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2020，8，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Minimum secondary aberration fractional factorial split-plot designs in terms of consulting designs显示文摘It is very powerful for constructing nearly saturated factorial designs to characterize fractional factorial (FF) designs through their consulting designs when the consulting designs are small. Mukerjee and Fang employed the projective geometry theory to find the secondary wordlength pattern of a regular symmetrical fractional factorial split-plot (FFSP) design in terms of its complementary subset, but not in a unified form. In this paper, based on the connection between factorial design theory and coding theory, we obtain some general and unified combinatorial identities that relate the secondary wordlength pattern of a regular symmetrical or mixed-level FFSP design to that of its consulting design. According to these identities, we further establish some general and unified rules for identifying minimum secondary aberration, symmetrical or mixed-level, FFSP designs through their consulting designs. | Al Mingyao ZHANG Runchu | 2006 | Science China Mathematics2006，49，4： | 3 |
| 11 | Survival and Differentiation of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in A Rat Stroke Model显示文摘 | Matthew B. Jensen Hongmei Yan Rajeev Krishnaney-Davison Abdullah Al Sawaf Su-Chun Zhang | 2011 | Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases2011，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Antisense inhibition of acetylcholinesterase gene expression for treating cognition deficit in Alzheimer's disease model mice显示文摘 | Fu AL Zhang XM Sun MJ | 2006 | 中国生物学文摘2006，20，10： | 2 |
| 13 | Immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-07 as a heterologous booster after priming with BBIBP-CorV:a phase 2 trial显示文摘The increased coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)breakthrough cases pose the need of booster vaccination.We conducted a randomised,double-blinded,controlled,phase 2 trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the heterologous prime-boost vaccination with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine(BBIBP-CorV)followed by a recombinant protein-based vaccine(NVSI-06-07),using homologous boost with BBIBP-CorV as control.Three groups of healthy adults(600 individuals per group)who had completed two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccinations 1–3 months,4–6 months and≥6 months earlier,respectively,were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either NVSI-06-07 or BBIBP-CorV boost.Immunogenicity assays showed that in NVSI-06-07 groups,neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers(GMTs)against the prototype SARS-CoV-2 increased by 21.01–63.85 folds on day 28 after vaccination,whereas only 4.20–16.78 folds of increases were observed in control groups.For Omicron variant,the neutralizing antibody GMT elicited by homologous boost was 37.91 on day 14,however,a significantly higher neutralizing GMT of 292.53 was induced by heterologous booster.Similar results were obtained for other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns(VOCs),including Alpha,Beta and Delta.Both heterologous and homologous boosters have a good safety profile.Local and systemic adverse reactions were absent,mild or moderate in most participants,and the overall safety was quite similar between two booster schemes.Our findings indicated that NVSI-06-07 is safe and immunogenic as a heterologous booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients and was immunogenically superior to the homologous booster against not only SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain but also VOCs,including Omicron. | Nawal Al Kaabi Yun Kai Yang Jing Zhang Ke Xu Yu Liang Yun Kang Ji Guo Su Tian Yang Salah Hussein Mohamed Saif ElDein Shuai Shao Sen Sen Yang Wenwen Lei Xue Jun Gao Zhiwei Jiang Hui Wang Meng Li Hanadi Mekki Mekki Walid Zaher Sally Mahmoud Xue Zhang Chang Qu Dan Ying Liu Jing Zhang Mengjie Yang Islam Eltantawy Peng Xiao Zhao Nian Wang Jin Liang Yin Xiao Yan Mao Jin Zhang Ning Liu Fu Jie Shen Liang Qu Yun Tao Zhang Xiao Ming Yang Guizhen Wu Qi Ming Li | 2022 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2022，7，7： | 2 |
| 14 | Distinct pathways of ERK activation by the muscarinic agonists pilocarpine and carbachol in a human salivary cell line 显示文摘 | Lin AL Zhu B Zhang W | 2008 | Am J Physiol Cell Physiol2008，294，6： | 1 |
| 15 | A new mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for analysis of natural and synthetic anabolic steroids 显示文摘 | Zhang L Chen J He Y eZ al | 2009 | Talanta2009，77，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Interaction Behaviour of PA1010/PP/PP-g-GMA Ternary Blends 显示文摘 | Zhang Xiaomin Yin Zhihui Na Tainhai et al | 1997 | Polymer1997，38，24： | 1 |
| 17 | A high performance intermediate temperature fuel cell based on a thick oxide-carbonate electrolyte显示文摘 | ZHANG L LAN R XU X el al | 2009 | Journal of Power Sources2009，194，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Hepatitis B virus X protein is both a substrate and a potential inhibitor of the proteasome complex 显示文摘 | Hu ZY Zhang ZS Doo E Coux O Goldberg AL Liang TJ | 1999 | J Virol1999，73，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Ghrelin显示文摘 | Zhang WZ Zhao LL Lin TR et al | 2004 | Molecular Biology of the Cell2004，15，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Constitutive expression of human angiostatin in Pichia pastoris using the GAP promoter 显示文摘 | Zhang AL Luo JX Zhang TY | 2004 | Yi Chuan Xue Bao2004，31，6： | 1 |
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