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| 1 | How Plants Cope with Cadmium: Staking All on Metabolism and Gene Expression显示文摘Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techniques. Soil contamination by heavy metals as cadmium, highlights two main aspects: on one side they interfere with the life cycle of plants and therefore reduce crop yields, and on the other hand, once adsorbed and accumulated into the plant tissues, they enter the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Considering this point of view, understanding the mechanism by which plants handle heavy metal exposure, in particular cadmium stress, is a primary goal of plant-biotechnology research or plant breeders whose aim is to create plants that are able to recover high amounts of heavy metals, which can be used for phytoremediation, or identify crop varieties that do not accumulate toxic metal in grains or fruits. In this review we focus on the main symptoms of cadmium toxicity both on root apparatus and shoots. We elucidate the mechanisms that plants activate to prevent absorption or to detoxify toxic metal ions, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metallothioneins and enzymes involved in stress response. Finally we consider new plant-biotechnology applications that can be applied for phytoremediation. | Giovanni DalCorso Silvia Farinati Silvia Maistri Antonella Furini | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，10： | 60 |
| 2 | Efficacy of current guidelines for the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the clinical practice显示文摘AIM: To verify the validity of the International Ascites Club guidelines for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in clinical practice. METHODS: All SBP episodes occurring in a group of consecutive cirrhotics were managed accordingly and included in the study. SBP was diagnosed when the ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count was > 250 cells/mm3, and empirically treated with cefotaxime. RESULTS: Thirty-eight SBP episodes occurred in 32 cirrhotics (22 men/10 women; mean age: 58.6 ± 11.2 years). Prevalence of SBP, in our population, was 17%. Ascitic fluid culture was positive in nine (24%) cases only. Eleven episodes were nosocomial and 71% community-acquired. Treatment with cefotaxime was successful in 59% of cases, while 41% of episodes required a modification of the initial antibiotic therapy because of a less-than 25% decrease in ascitic PMN count at 48 h. Change of antibiotic therapy led to the resolution of infection in 87% of episodes. Among the cases with positive culture, the initial antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime failed at a percentage (44%) similar to that of the whole series. In these cases, the isolated organisms were either resistant or with an inherent insufficient susceptibility to cefotaxime. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, ascitic PMN count is a valid tool for starting a prompt antibiotic treatment andevaluating its efficacy. The initial treatment with cefotaxime failed more frequently than expected. An increase in healthcare-related infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens may explain this finding. A different first-line antibiotic treatment should be investigated. | Stefania Angeloni Cinzia Leboffe Antonella Parente Mario Venditti Alessandra Giordano Manuela Merli Oliviero Riggio | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 42 |
| 3 | Systemic inflammation and immune response after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis, acute phase response and immunological status in patients treated by laparoscopic or open approach. METHODS: From January 2002 to May 2012, we conducted a prospective randomized study on 45 consecutive patients (27 women, 18 men; mean age 58 years). These subjects were taken from a total of 681 patients who were hospitalised presenting similar preoperative findings: acute upper abdominal pain with tenderness, involuntary guarding under the right hypochondrium and/or in the flank; fever higher than 38 ℃, leukocytosis greater than 10 × 10 9 /L or both, and ultrasonographic evidence of calculous cholecystitis possibly complicated by peritonitis. These patients had undergone cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis,complicated by bile peritonitis. Randomly, 23 patients were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and 22 patients to open cholecystectomy (OC). Blood samples were collected from all patients before operation and at days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Serum bacteraemia, endotoxaemia, white blood cells (WBCs), WBC subpopulations, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min, at 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and then daily (8 A.M.) until post-operative day 6.RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in the severity of peritoneal contamination as indicated by the viable bacterial count (open group = 90% of positive cultures vs laparoscopic group = 87%) and endotoxin level (open group = 33.21 ± 6.32 pg/mL vs laparoscopic group = 35.02 ± 7.23 pg/mL). Four subjects in the OC group (18.1%) and 1 subject (4.3%) in the LC group (P < 0.05) developed intra-abdominal abscess. Severe leukocytosis (range 15.8-19.6/mL) was observed only after OC but not after LC, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils (days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). This value returned to the normal range within 3-4 d after LC and 5-7 d after OC. Other WBC types and lymphocyte subpopulations showed no significant variation. On the first day after surgery, a statistically significant difference was observed in HLA-DR expression between LC (13.0 ± 5.2) and OC (6.0 ± 4.2) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in plasma elastase concentration was recorded post-operatively at days 1, 3, and 6 in patients from the OC group when compared to the LC group (P < 0.05). In the OC group, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 began to increase considerably from the first to the sixth hour after surgery. In the LC group, the increase of serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels was delayed and the peak values were notably lower than those in the OC group. Significant differences between the groups, for these two cytokines, were observed from the second to the twenty-fourth hour (P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean values of serum CRP in the LC group on post-operative days (1 and 3) were also lower than those in the OC group (P < 0.05). Systemic concentration of endotoxin was higher in the OC group at all intra-operative sampling times, but reached significance only when the gallbladder was removed (OC group = 36.81 ± 6.4 ρg/mLvs LC group = 16.74 ± 4.1 ρg/mL, P < 0.05). One hour after surgery, microbiological analysis of blood cultures detected 7 different bacterial species after laparotomy, and 4 species after laparoscopy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OC increased the incidence of bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation compared with LC and caused lower transient immunological defense, leading to enhanced sepsis in the patients examined. | Federico Sista Mario Schietroma Giuseppe De Santis Antonella Mattei Emanuela Marina Cecilia Federica Piccione Sergio Leardi Francesco Carlei Gianfranco Amicucci | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2013，5，4： | 23 |
| 4 | 儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗进展(英文)显示文摘急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是一种具有复杂病理和发病机制的异质性综合征,目前仍没有一个明确和有效的治疗对策。根据低氧血症程度,ARDS分成三类:轻度(200mmHg〈氧合指数≤300mmHg)、中度(100mmHg〈氧合指数≤200mmHg)、严重(氧合指数≤100mmHg)。治疗ARDS的基础是正确的重症监护治疗。早期管理可以改善预后,避免副作用和并发症,并提高存活率。治疗诱因(如败血症、肺炎),最大限度地减少多器官功能衰竭(MOF)、功能障碍和呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)的风险在治疗过程中是至关重要的。 | Giuseppe A. Marraro Chengshui Chen Maria Antonella Piga Yan Qian Claudio Spada Umberto Genovese1 | 2014 | 中国当代儿科杂志2014，16，5： | 19 |
| 5 | Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate显示文摘Alterations of intestinal microflora may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. There is emerging interest on the role of selective modulation of microflora in inducing benefits in inflammatory intestinal disorders, by as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT). To summarize recent evidences on microflora modulation in main intestinal inflammatory disorders, Pub Med was searched using terms microbiota, intestinal flora, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation. More than three hundred articles published up to 2015 were selected and reviewed. Randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analysis were firstly included, mainly for probiotics. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity of these studies. Most of relevant data derived from studies on probiotics, reporting some efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in pouchitis, while disappointing results are available for Crohn's disease. Probiotic supplementation may significantly reduce rates of rotavirus diarrhea. Efficacy of probiotics in NSAID enteropathy and irritable bowel syndrome is still controversial. Finally, FMT has been recently recognized as an efficacious treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Modulation of intestinal flora represents a very interesting therapeutic target, although it still deserves some doubts and limitations. Future studies should be encouraged to provide new understanding about its therapeutical role. | Antonella Gallo Giovanna Passaro Antonio Gasbarrini Raffaele Landolfi Massimo Montalto | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，32： | 19 |
| 6 | Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infection in Rome显示文摘Background The role of human bocavirus (HBoV) as a respiratory pathogen has not been fulfilled yet.We aimed to describe clinical and serological characteristics of children with HBoV hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infection and to evaluate whether differences occur between HBoV alone and in co-infection.Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 60 children (median age of 6.2 months,range 0.6-70.9) hospitalized for acute respiratory symptoms,with HBoV detected from a respiratory sample,using a reverse transcriptase-PCR for 14 respiratory viruses (including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus A and B,human coronavirus OC43,229E,NL-63 and HUK1,adenovirus,rhinovirus,parainfluenza virus 1-3,and human metapneumovirus).Results HBoV was detected alone in 29 (48.3%) patients,while in co-infection with other viruses in 31 patients (51.7%),with a peak between December and January.Among the 60 patients,34 were bronchiolitis,19 wheezing,3 pneumonia,2 upper respiratory tract infection,and 2 whooping cough.Seven children (11.6%) required admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for respiratory failure.No differences was observed in age,family history for atopy and/or asthma,clinical presentations,chest X-ray,or laboratory findings in children with HBoV alone vs.multiple viral detection.RSV was the most frequently co-detected virus (61.3%).When compared with HBoV detection alone,the co-detection of RSV and HBoV was associated with male sex (P=0.013),younger age (P=0.01),and lower blood neutrophil count (P=0.032).Conclusions HBoV can be detected alone and in co-infection respiratory samples of children with an acute respiratory tract infection.A cause-effect relationship between HBoV and respiratory infection is not clear,so further studies are needed to clarify this point. | Laura Petrarca Raffaella Nenna Antonella Frassanito Alessandra Pierangeli Greta Di Mattia Carolina Scagnolari Fabio Midulla | 2020 | World Journal of Pediatrics2020，16，3： | 17 |
| 7 | Intragenic antagonistic roles of protein and circRNA in tumorigenesis显示文摘circRNAs arise from back splicing events during mRNA processing, and when deregulated can play an active role in cancer. Here we characterize a new circRNA (circPOK) encoded by the Zbtb7a gene (also kown as POKEMON, LRF) in the context of mesenchymal tumor progression. circPOK functions as a non-coding proto-oncogenic RNA independently and antithetically to its linear transcript counterpart, which acts as a tumor suppressor by encoding the Pokemon transcription factor. We find that circPOK regulates pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic factors by co-activation of the ILF2/3 complex. Importantly, the expression of Pokemon protein and circRNA is aberrantly uncoupled in cancer through differential post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, we identify a novel type of genetic unit, the iRegulon, that yields biochemically distinct RNA products, circular and linear, with diverse and antithetical functions. Our findings further expand the cellular repertoire towards the control of normal biological outputs, while aberrant expression of such components may underlie disease pathogenesis including cancer. | Jlenia Guarnerio Yang Zhang Giulia Cheloni Riccardo Panella Jesse Mae Katon Mark Simpson Akinobu Matsumoto Antonella Papa Cristian Loretelli Andreas Petri Sakari Kauppinen Cassandra Garbutt Gunnlaugur Petur Nielsen Vikram Deshpande Mireia Castillo-Martin Carlos Cordon-Cardo Spentzos Dimitrios John G. Clohessy Mona Batish Pier Paolo Pandolfi | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，8： | 15 |
| 8 | Laboratory markers in ulcerative colitis: Current insights and future advances显示文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)in man.Despite some common features,these forms can be distinguished by different genetic predisposition,risk factors and clinical,endoscopic and histological characteristics.The aetiology of both CD and UC remains unknown,but several evidences suggest that CD and perhaps UC are due to an excessive immuneresponse directed against normal constituents of the intestinal bacterial flora.Tests sometimes invasive are routine for the diagnosis and care of patients with IBD.Diagnosis of UC is based on clinical symptoms combined with radiological and endoscopic investigations.The employment of non-invasive biomarkers is needed.These biomarkers have the potential to avoid invasive diagnostic tests that may result in discomfort and potential complications.The ability to determine the type,severity,prognosis and response to therapy of UC,using biomarkers has long been a goal of clinical researchers.We describe the biomarkers assessed in UC,with special reference to acute-phase proteins and serologic markers and thereafter,we describe the new biological markers and the biological markers could be developed in the future:(1)serum markers of acute phase response:The laboratory tests most used to measure the acute-phase proteins in clinical practice are the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Other biomarkers of inflammation in UC include platelet count,leukocyte count,and serum albumin and serum orosomucoid concentrations;(2)serologic markers/antibodies:In the last decades serological and immunologic biomarkers have been studied extensively in immunology and have been used in clinical practice to detect specific pathologies.In UC,the presence of these antibodies can aid as surrogate markers for the aberrant host immune response;and(3)future biomarkers:The development of biomarkers in UC will be very important in the future.The progress of molecular biology tools(microarrays,proteomics and nanotechnology)have revolutionised the field of the biomarker discovery.The advances in bioinformatics coupled with cross-disciplinary collaborations have greatly enhanced our ability to retrieve,characterize and analyse large amounts of data generated by the technological advances.The techniques available for biomarkers development are genomics(single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping,pharmacogenetics and gene expression analyses)and proteomics.In the future,the additionof new serological markers will add significant benefit.Correlating serologic markers with genotypes and clinical phenotypes should enhance our understanding of pathophysiology of UC. | Michele Cioffi Antonella De Rosa Rosalba Serao Ilaria Picone Maria Teresa Vietri | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2015，6，1： | 14 |
| 9 | Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiography compared to operative endoscopy in detecting biliary stones, a single center experience and review of literature显示文摘AIM: To compare diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) without contrast medium and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for biliary calculi. METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2013, two-hundred-sixty-three patients underwent MRCP at our institution, all MRCP procedure were performed with the same machinery. In two-hundred MRCP was done for pure hepatobiliary symptoms and these patients are the subjects of this study. Among these two-hundred patients, one-hundred-eleven(55.5%) underwent ERCP after MRCP. The retrospective study design consisted in the systematic revision of all images from MRCP and EUS/ERCP performed by two radiologist with a long experience in biliary imaging, an experienced endoscopist and a senior consultant in Hepatobiliopancreatic surgery. A false positive was defined an MRCP showing calculi with no findings at EUS/ERCP; a true positive was defined as a concordance between MRCP and EUS/ERCP findings; a false negative was defined as the absence of images suggesting calculi at MRCP with calculi localization/extraction at EUS/ERCP and a true negative was defined as a patient with nocalculi at MRCP ad at least 6 mo of asymptomatic followup. Biliary tree dilatation was defined as a common bile duct diameter larger than 6 mm in a patient who had an in situ gallbladder. A third blinded radiologist who examined the MRCP and ERCP data reviewed misdiagnosed cases. Once obtained overall data on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) we divided patients in two groups composed of those having concordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group A, 72 patients) and those having discordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group B, 20 patients). Dataset comparisons had been made by the Student's t-test and χ2 when appropriate.RESULTS: Two-hundred patients(91 men, 109 women, mean age 67.6 years, and range 25-98 years) underwent MRCP. All patients attended regular follow-up for at least 6 mo. Morbidity and mortality related to MRCP were null. MRCP was the only exam performed in 89 patients because it did show only calculi into the gallbladder with no signs of the presence of calculi into the bile duct and symptoms resolved within a few days or after colecistectomy. The patients remained asymptomatic for at least 6 mo, and we assumed they were true negatives. One hundred eleven(53 men, 58 women, mean age 69 years, range 25-98 years) underwent ERCP following MRCP. We did not find any difference between the two groups in terms of race, age, and sex. The overall median interval between MRCP and ERCP was 9 d. In detecting biliary stones MRCP Sensitivity was 77.4%, Specificity 100% and Accuracy 80.5% with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 85%; EUS showed 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 95.5% accuracy with 100% PPV and 57.1% NPV. The association of EUS with ERCP performed at 100% in all the evaluated parameters. When comparing the two groups, we did not find any statistically significant difference regarding age, sex, and race. Similarly, we did not find any differences regarding the number of extracted stones: 116 stones in Group A(median 2, range 1 to 9) and 27 in Group B(median 2, range 1 to 4). When we compared the size of the extracted stones we found that the patients in Group B had significantly smaller stones: 14.16 ± 8.11 mm in Group A and 5.15 ± 2.09 mm in Group B; 95% confidence interval = 5.89-12.13, standard error = 1.577; P < 0.05. We also found that in Group B there was a significantly higher incidence of stones smaller than 5 mm: 36 in Group A and 18 in Group B, P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: Major finding of the present study is that choledocholithiasis is still under-diagnosed in MRCP. Smaller stones(< 5 mm diameter) are hardly visualized on MRCP. | Francesco A Polistina Mauro Frego Marco Bisello Emy Manzi Antonella Vardanega Bortolo Perin | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，4： | 14 |
| 10 | Could metabolic syndrome lead to hepatocarcinoma via non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?显示文摘It was estimated that from 2002 to 2008 the risk of developing cancer increased a quarter-fold in men and twofold in women due to excessive BMI.Obesity,metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are strictly related and are key pathogenetic factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),the most frequent liver disease worldwide.The most important consequence of the'metabolic epidemics'is the probable rise in the incidence of hepatocarcinoma(HCC),and NAFLD is the major causative factor.Adipose tissue is not merely a storage organ where lipids are preserved as an energy source.It is an active organ with important endocrine,paracrine,and autocrine actions in addition to immune functions.Adipocytes produce a wide range of hormones,cytokines,and growth factors that can act locally in the adipose tissue microenvironment and systemically.In this article,the main roles of insulin growth factor(IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are discussed.The role of IGF-2 is not only confined to HCC,but it may also act in early hepato-carcinogenesis,as preneoplastic lesions express IGF-2 mRNA.IGF-1 and IGF-2interact with specific receptors(IGF-1R and IGF-2R).IGF-1R is over-expressed in in vitro and in animal models of HCC and it was demonstrated that IGF ligands exerted their effects on HCC cells through IGF-1R and that it was involved in the degeneration of pre-neoplastic lesions via an increase in their mitotic activity.Both IGF-2R and TGFβ,a growth inhibitor,levels are reduced in human HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues.Another key mechanism involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γ.In in vitro studies,PPARγinhibited various carcinomas including HCC,most probably by regulating apoptosis via the p21,p53 and p27 pathways.Finally,as a clinical consequence,to improve survival,efforts to achieve a'healthier diet'should be promoted by physicians and politicians. | Antonella Scalerar Giovanni Tarantino | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，28： | 14 |
| 11 | 胰腺的液体集合的内视镜的指导超声的排水显示文摘 Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) develop secondary to either fluid leakage or liquefaction of pancreatic necrosis following acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, surgery or abdominal trauma. Pancreatic fluid collections include acute fluid collections, acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic abscesses and pancreatic necrosis. Before the introduction of linear endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the 1990s and the subsequent development of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage (EUS-GD) procedures, the available options for drainage in symptomatic PFCs included surgical drainage, percutaneous drainage using radiological guidance and conventional endoscopic transmural drainage. In recent years, it has gradually been recog-nized that, due to its lower morbidity rate compared to the surgical and percutaneous approaches, endoscopic treatment may be the preferred first-line approach for managing symptomatic PFCs. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage has the following advantages, when compared to other alternatives such as surgical, per-cutaneous and non-EUS-guided endoscopic drainage.EUS-GD is less invasive than surgery and therefore does not require general anesthesia. The morbidity rate is lower, recovery is faster and the costs are lower. EUS-GD can avoid local complications related to per-cutaneous drainage. Because the endoscope is placed adjacent to the fluid collection, it can have direct ac-cess to the fluid cavity, unlike percutaneous drainage which traverses the abdominal wall. Complications such as bleeding, inadvertent puncture of adjacent viscera, secondary infection and prolonged periods of drainage with resultant pancreatico-cutaneous fistulae may be avoided. The only difference between EUS and non-EUS drainage is the initial step, namely, gaining access to the pancreatic fluid collection. All the sub-sequent steps are similar, i.e., insertion of guide-wires with fluoroscopic guidance, balloon dilatation of the cystogastrostomy and insertion of transmural stents or nasocystic catheters. With the introduction of the EUS-scope equipped with a large operative channel which permits drainage of the PFCs in 'one step', EUS-GD has been increasingly carried out in many tertiary care centers and has expanded the safety and efficacy of this modality, allowing access to and drainage of overly challenging fluid collections. However, the nature of the PFCs determines the outcome of this procedure. The technique and review of current literature regarding EUS-GD of PFCs will be discussed. | Carlo Fabbri Carmelo Luigiano Antonella Maimone Anna Maria Polifemo Ⅰlaria Tarantino Vincenzo Cennamo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，11： | 13 |
| 12 | Liver-spleen axis: Intersection between immunity, infections and metabolism显示文摘Spleen has been considered a neglected organ so far, even though is strictly linked to liver. The spleen plays an important role in the modulation of the immune system and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance via the clearance of circulating apoptotic cells, the differentiation and activation of T and B cells and production of antibodies in the white pulp. Moreover, splenic macrophages are able to remove bacteria from the blood and protect from sepsis during systemic infections. We review the spleen function and its assessment in humans starting from the description of spleen diseases, ranging from the congenital asplenia to secondary hyposplenism. From the literature data it is clear that obesity in humans affects different compartments of immune system, even thought there are still few data available on the implicated mechamisms. The intent is to enable clinicians to evaluate the newly recognized role of metabolic and endocrine functions of the spleen with special emphasis to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the context of the available literature.Moreover, understanding the spleen function could be important to develop appropriate prevention strategies in order to counteract the pandemia of obesity. In this direction, we suggest spleen longitudinal diameter at ultrasonography, as simple, cheap and largely available tool, be used as new marker for assessing splenic function, in the context of the so-called liver-spleen axis. | Giovanni Tarantino Antonella Scalera Carmine Finelli | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，23： | 13 |
| 13 | Fluoroquinolone-macrolide combination therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis: retrospective analysis of pathogen eradication rates, inflammatory findings and sexual dysfunction显示文摘我们以前在范畴 II 长期的细菌的前列腺炎(CBP ) 表明了 fluoroquinolone-macrolide 联合治疗的安全和功效。这研究的目的是回顾地基于 azithromycin 的联合为 CBP 比较 microbiological 和二个处理计划的临床的调查结果(500 mg,三次每周) 与一次每日的 500-mg 或 ciprofloxacin 的 750-mg 剂量(Cipro-500 或 Cipro-750 队,分别地) 。azithromycin 的联合管理(1500 有以 750 的率的 ciprofloxacin 的 mg 星期 −1) ;为 4 个星期而非在 500 的 mg 天 −1 ;为 6 个星期的 mg 天 −1 从 62.35 % 增加了根除率;到 77.32 %并且从 71.76 % 的全部的细菌学的成功;到 85.57 %。在煽动性的白血球计数和浆液的疼痛和 voiding 症状 / 症状和重要减小地的重要减少前列腺特定的抗原(PSA ) 在两个组在整个 18 月的后续经期被支撑。射精的疼痛, haemospermia 和早泄显著地在两个组在 microbiological 根除上被稀释,但是后者在 Cipro-750 队更即时减退了。总共, 59 个 Cipro-750 病人显示出 mild-to-severe 在基线的可勃起的机能障碍(编辑) ,当 22 个病人没在 microbiological 根除上并且在整个后续时期有编辑时。在结论 fluoroquinolone-macrolide,治疗在病原体根除和 CBP 症状变细导致了,包括疼痛, voiding 骚乱和性机能障碍。为 4 个星期的 ciprofloxacin 的一次每日的 750-mg 剂量与 500-mg 剂量相比显示出提高的根除率和更低的煽动性的白血房间计数 6 个星期。我们的结果是开的推进未来的确认。 | Vittorio Magri Emanuele Montanari Visnja Skerk Alemka Markotic Emanuela Marras Antonella Restelli Kurt G Naber Gianpaolo Perletti | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，6： | 12 |
| 14 | Diffusion-weighted MRI in a liver protocol: Its role in focal lesion detection显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of focal liver lesions (FLLs), using a conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (22 males, average age 55.6 years, range: 25-82 years), studied using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner, were retrospectively analyzed; detection of FLLs was evaluated by considering the number of lesions observed with the following sequences: (1) respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar (DW SS-EP) sequences; (2) fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (fs-FSE) T2 weighted sequences; (3) steady-state free precession (SSFP) images; and (4) dynamic triphasic gadolinium-enhanced images, acquired with three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (3D FSPGR). Two radiologists independently reviewed the images: they were blinded to their respective reports. DW SS-EP sequences were compared to fs-FSE, SSFP and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced acquisitions using a t -test. Pairs were compared for the detection of: (1) all FLLs; (2) benign FLLs; (3) malignant FLLs; (4) metastases; and (5) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was very good (weighted = 0.926, CI = 0.880-0.971); on the consensus reading, 277 FLLs were detected. In the comparison with fs-FSE, DW SS-EP sequences had a significantly higher score in the detection of all FLLs, benign FLLs, malignant FLLs and metastases; no statistical difference was observed in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs). In the comparison with SSFP sequences, DW SS-EP had significantly higher scores (P < 0.05) in the detection of all lesions, benign lesions, malignant lesions, metastases and HCC. All FLLs were better detected by dynamic 3D FSGR enhanced acquisition, with P = 0.0023 for reader 1 and P = 0.0086 for reader 2 in the comparison with DW SS-EP sequences; with reference to benign FLLs, DW SS-EP showed lower values than 3D FSPGR enhanced acquisition (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the detection of malignant lesions and metastases; considering HCCs, a very slight difference was reported by reader 1 (P = 0.049), whereas no difference was found by reader 2 (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: In lesion detection, DWI had higher scores than T2 sequences; considering malignant FLLs, no statistical difference was observed between DWI and dynamic gadolinium images. | Stefano Palmucci Letizia Antonella Mauro Martina Messina Brunella Russo Giovanni Failla Pietro Milone Massimiliano Berretta Giovanni Carlo Ettorre | 2012 | World Journal of Radiology2012，4，7： | 11 |
| 15 | Human bocavirus: Current knowledge and future challenges显示文摘Human bocavirus(HBoV) is a parvovirus isolated about a decade ago and found worldwide in both respiratory samples, mainly from early life and children of 6-24 mo of age with acute respiratory infection, and in stool samples, from patients with gastroenteritis. Since then, other viruses related to the first HBoV isolate(HBoV 1), namely HBoV 2, HBoV 3 and HBoV 4, have been detected principally in human faeces. HBo Vs are small nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses of about 5300 nucleotides, consisting of three open reading frames encoding the first two the non-structural protein 1(NS1) and nuclear phosphoprotein(NP1) and the third the viral capsid proteins 1 and 2(VP1 and VP2). HBoV pathogenicity remains to be fully clarified mainly due to the lack of animal models for the difficulties in replicating the virus in in vitro cell cultures, and the fact that HBo V infection is frequently accompanied by at least another viral and/or bacterial respiratory and/or gastroenteric pathogen infection. Current diagnostic methods to support HBoV detection include polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay using recombinant VP2 or virus-like particle capsid proteins, although sequence-independent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms promise rapid and simultaneous detection of the pathogens in the future. This review presents the current knowledge on HBoV genotypes with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship and genomic analysis, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods. The emerging discussion on HBoV s as true pathogen or innocent bystander is also emphasized. | Marcello Guido Maria Rosaria Tumolo Tiziano Verri Alessandro Romano Francesca Serio Mattia De Giorgi Antonella De Donno Francesco Bagordo Antonella Zizza | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，39： | 11 |
| 16 | Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders: Where are we and where are we going?显示文摘Bloating is one of the most common and bothersome symptoms complained by a large proportion of patients. This symptom has been described with various definitions, such as sensation of a distended abdomen or an abdominal tension or even excessive gas in the abdomen, although bloating should probably be defined as the feeling(e.g. a subjective sensation) of increased pressure within the abdomen. It is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome, but when bloating is not part of another functional bowel or gastrointestinal disorder it is included as an independent entity in Rome Ⅲ criteria named functional bloating. In terms of diagnosis, major difficulties are due to the lack of measurable parameters to assess and grade this symptom. In addition, it is still unclear to what extent the individual patient complaint of subjective bloating correlates with the objective evidence of abdominal distension. In fact, despite its clinical, social and economic relevance, bloating lacks a clear pathophysiology explanation, and an effective management endorsement, turning this common symptom into a true challenge for both patients and clinicians. Different theories on bloating etiology call into questions an increased luminal contents(gas, stools, liquid or fat) and/or an impaired abdominal empting and/or an altered intra-abdominal volume displacement(abdomino-phrenic theory) and/or an increased perception of intestinal stimuli with a subsequent use of empirical treatments(diet modifications, antibiotics and/or probiotics, prokinetic drugs, antispasmodics, gas reducing agents and tricyclic antidepressants). In this review, our aim was to review the latest knowledge on bloating physiopathology and therapeutic options trying to shed lights on those processes where a clinician could intervene to modify disease course. | Paola Iovino Cristina Bucci Fabrizio Tremolaterra Antonella Santonicola Giuseppe Chiarioni | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 9 |
| 17 | Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment:a randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled study显示文摘Background:Parkinson’s Disease(PD)with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)(PD-MCI)represents one of the most dreaded complications for patients with PD and is associated with a higher risk of developing dementia.Although transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been demonstrated to improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD,to date,no study has investigated the effects of tDCS on Theory of Mind(ToM),i.e.,the ability to understand and predict other people’s behaviours,in PD-MCI.Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled study,we applied active tDCS over the medial frontal cortex(MFC)to modulate ToM performance in twenty patients with PD-MCI.Twenty matched healthy controls(HC)were also enrolled and were asked to perform the ToM task without receiving tDCS.Results:In the patients with PD-MCI,i)ToM performance was worse than that in the HC,ii)ToM abilities were poorer in those with fronto-executive difficulties,and iii)tDCS over the MFC led to significant shortening of latency for ToM tasks.Conclusions:We show for the first time that active tDCS over the MFC enhances ToM in patients with PD-MCI,and suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation could be used to ameliorate ToM deficits observed in these patients. | Mauro Adenzato Rosa Manenti Ivan Enrici Elena Gobbi Michela Brambilla Antonella Alberici Maria Sofia Cotelli Alessandro Padovani Barbara Borroni Maria Cotelli | 2019 | Translational Neurodegeneration2019，8，1： | 9 |
| 18 | Polymorphisms in base excision repair genes: Breast cancer risk and individual radiosensitivity显示文摘Breast cancer(BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The aetiology and carcinogenesis of BC are not clearly defined, although genetic, hormonal, lifestyle and environmental risk factors have been established. The most common treatment for BC includes breast-conserving surgery followed by a standard radiotherapy(RT) regimen. However, radiation hypersensitivity and the occurrence of RT-induced toxicity in normal tissue may affect patients' treatment. The role of DNA repair in cancer has been extensively investigated, and an impaired DNA damage response may increase the risk of BC and individual radiosensitivity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in DNA repair genes may alter protein function and modulate DNA repair efficiency, influencing the development of various cancers, including BC. SNPs in DNA repair genes have also been studied as potential predictive factors for the risk of RT-induced side effects. Here, we review the literature on the association between SNPs in base excision repair(BER) genes and BC risk. We focusedon X-ray repair cross complementing group 1(XRCC1), which plays a key role in BER, and on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, which encode three important BER enzymes that interact with XRCC1. Although no association between SNPs and radiation toxicity has been validated thus far, we also report published studies on XRCC1 SNPs and variants in other BER genes and RT-induced side effects in BC patients, emphasising that large well-designed studies are needed to determine the genetic components of individual radiosensitivity. | Clarice Patrono Silvia Sterpone Antonella Testa Renata Cozzi | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 8 |
| 19 | Precision medicine in gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is a complex disease linked to a series of environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits,and especially to genetic alterations.GC represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Its onset is subtle,and the majority of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is already advanced.In recent years,there have been innovations in the management of advanced GC including the introduction of new classifications based on its molecular characteristics.Thanks to new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray,the Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group classifications have also paved the way for precision medicine in GC,making it possible to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic methods.Among the objectives of the subdivision of GC into subtypes is to select patients in whom molecular targeted drugs can achieve the best results;many lines of research have been initiated to this end.After phase III clinical trials,trastuzumab,anti-Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(commonly known as ERBB2)and ramucirumab,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(commonly known as VEGFR2)monoclonal antibodies,were approved and introduced into first-and second-line therapies for patients with advanced/metastatic GC.However,the heterogeneity of this neoplasia makes the practical application of such approaches difficult.Unfortunately,scientific progress has not been matched by progress in clinical practice in terms of significant improvements in prognosis.Survival continues to be low in contrast to the reduction in deaths from many common cancers such as colorectal,lung,breast,and prostate cancers.Although several target molecules have been identified on which targeted drugs can act and novel products have been introduced into experimental therapeutic protocols,the overall approach to treating advanced stage GC has not substantially changed.Currently,surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective treatments for this disease.Future research should not underestimate the heterogeneity of GC when developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed toward improving patient survival. | Patrizia Bonelli Antonella Borrelli Franca Maria Tuccillo Lucrezia Silvestro Raffaele Palaia Franco Maria Buonaguro | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2019，11，10： | 8 |
| 20 | Mutants, Overexpressors, and Interactors of Arabidopsis Plastocyanin Isoforms: Revised Roles of Plastocyanin in Photosynthetic Electron Flow and Thylakoid Redox State显示文摘二相应 plastocyanin isoforms 被基因 PETE1 和 PETE2 编码为 Arabidopsis thaliana 的原子染色体。PETE2 抄本被表示在更加高水平和 PETE2 蛋白质是更丰富的 isoform。在 PETE 基因的空变化导致了植物,指明的 pete1 和 pete2,与减少的 plastocyanin 内容。尽管有在超过 90% 减少 plastocyanin 层次,而 pete1 大美人种,然而,它的自己上的一个 pete2 0 变化仅仅稍微影响光合作用和生长的率,与大约 6080% 野类型的 plastocyanin 水平,没显示出任何改变。因此, plastocyanin 集中不在最佳的生长条件下面为光合的电子流动正在限制,也许为蛋白质暗示另外的可能的生理的角色。确实, plastocyanin 以前被建议了在 thylakoid 氧化还原作用反应与细胞色素 c6A (Cyt c6A ) 合作,但是我们不为在二蛋白质之间的一个物理相互作用发现证据,用在酵母的相互作用试金。我们在酵母相互作用试金观察了 Cyt c6A 的 homodimerization,而且 Cyt c6A homodimers 没能与 plastocyanin 交往。而且, atc6-1 pete1 的 phenotypic 分析和 atc6-1 pete2 加倍异种,每缺乏的 Cyt c6A 并且二编码 plastocyanin 基因之一,没能揭示任何基因相互作用。在 pete1 pete2 的 PETE1 或 PETE2 的 Overexpression 在实质上野类型的光合的性能的两倍猛烈变异的背景结果,排除二 plastocyanin isoforms 能在 thylakoid 有不同函数的可能性电子流动。 | Paolo Pesaresi Michael Scharfenberg Martin Weigel Irene Granlund Wolfgang R Schroder Giovanni Finazzi Fabrice Rappaport Simona Masiero Antonella Furini Peter Jahns Dario Leister | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，2： | 7 |
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