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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Metastatic recurrence to a solitary lymph node four years after hepatic lobectomy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘This report describes a patient that developed recurrent metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) to a suprapancreatic lymph node four years after being treated for primary HCC via complete left hepatectomy. Metastatic HCC was proven by pathologic confirmation. The report addresses the role of surgical resection as a treatment modality for recurrent HCC to solitary lymph nodes. The role of biological chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment is also addressed. | Michael L Caparelli Nathan J Roberts Timothy S Braverman Robert M Stevens Edward R Broun Shyam Allamaneni | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，23： | 2 |
| 3 | Correlation between the proportion of breast volume involved by locally advanced tumors and invasion of the skin and posterior structures显示文摘AIM: To evaluate any differences between the percentages of involved breast volume, pathologic attributes,and tumor marker expression of T3 and T4a-c tumors in locally advanced breast cancers(BC).METHODS: All patients with T3 N > 0 and T4a-c BC without evidence of distant metastasis(M0), presenting to the Breast Clinic from 1980 to 2010, were examinedto determine whether their BC's involved ≥ 50% of their breast volumes, defined by gross replacement of at least one hemisphere. Core needle biopsy or postmastectomy specimens from tumors involving a known percent of breast volume were evaluated for:(1)pathological grades and lympho-vascular invasion(LVI);(2) hormone receptor(ER/PR) expression > 0; and(3)epidermoid growth factor 2(her2) over-expression(3+)by immune-histochemical staining or fluorescent in situ hybridization.RESULTS: The data base included 98 patients with T3N> 0 M0 and 120 with T4a-c, any N disease, M0 disease. T3 tumor masses involved 50% or more of the breast in 23/98(24%), and T4a-c tumors 65/120(54%)(P < 0.001). Only 1% of T3 tumors and 23% of T4a-c tumors presented with total breast replacement. There were no significant differences between the pathological attributes and marker expression of the T3 and T4a-c tumors.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that erosion of the overlying skin or underlying chest wall by some BC may be due to neglect and delay, rather than inherent biological aggressiveness. | Parastoo B Dahi Komal P Dhiran Constantine A Axiotis Jeremy Weedon Mahmoud El-Tamer Gurinder Sidhu Albert S Braverman | 2012 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，3，3： | 2 |
| 4 | International heterogeneity in diagnostic frequency and clinical outcomes of ascending aortic intramural hematoma显示文摘 | Pelzel JM Braverman AC Hirsch AT | 2007 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr2007，20，： | 1 |
| 5 | Development,field evaluation,and agronomic performance of transgenic herbicide resistant rice显示文摘 | Oard J H Linscombe S D Braverman M P | 1996 | Molecular Breeding1996，2，： | 1 |
| 6 | Combined use of α- adrenergic and muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of voiding dysfunction显示文摘 | Ruggieri MR Braverman AS Pontari MA | 2005 | J Urol2005，174，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Reinnervation of u- rethral and anal sphincters with femoral motor nerve to pudendal nerve transfer显示文摘 | Ruggieri MR Sr Braverman AS Bernal RM | 2011 | Neurourol Urodyn2011，8，： | 1 |
| 8 | Insulin-like growth fac- tor-1 and risk of Alzheimer dementia and brain atrophy 显示文摘 | Braverman LE Wolf PA Vasan RS | 2014 | Neu- rology2014，82，： | 1 |
| 9 | The M2 muscarinic receptor mediates in vitro bladder contractions from patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction显示文摘 | Pontari MA Braverman AS Ruggieri MR | 2004 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2004，286，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Theoretical foun- dations of the potential function method in pattern recognition learning 显示文摘 | AIZERMAN M BRAVERMAN E ROZONOER L | 1964 | Automation and Remote Control1964，25，： | 1 |
| 11 | Skin manifestations of internal malignancy显示文摘 | ]Braverman IM | 2002 | Clin Geriatr Med2002，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma outcomes and implications for treatment显示文摘 | Pearce E N Braverman L E | 2004 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2004，89，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Reducing waste contamination from animal-processing plants by anaerobic thermophilic fermentation and by flesh fly digestion显示文摘 | MARCHAIM U GELMAN A BRAVERMAN Y | 2003 | Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology2003，109，： | 1 |
| 14 | The Fertility Quality of Life(FertiQoL)tool:development and general psychometric properties显示文摘 | Boivin J Takefman J Braverman A | 2011 | Fertil SteriU2011，96，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome 显示文摘 | Loeys BL Dietz HC Braverman AC | 2010 | J Med Genet2010，47，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Toronto, Canada 显示文摘 | Katz PM Leung AM Braverman LE | 2013 | EndocrPract2013，19，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Transimtted diseses显示文摘 | Braverman Pk Stranburger VC | 1994 | Chin Pediatr1994，33，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Using gabapentin to treat failed back surgery syndrome caused by epidural fibrosis:a report of 2 cases显示文摘 | Braverman DL Slipman CW Lenrow DA | 2001 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil2001，82，5： | 1 |
| 19 | The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome显示文摘 | Loeys BL Dietz HC Braverman AC | 2010 | J Med Genet2010，47，7： | 1 |
| 20 | The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome显示文摘 | LOEYS BL DIETZ HC BRAVERMAN AC | 2010 | J Med Genet2010，47，7： | 1 |
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