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| 1 | 甘肃大地湾遗址距今6万年来的考古记录与旱作农业起源显示文摘报道了中国北方早期旱作农业起源地之一的甘肃秦安大地湾遗址Dadiwan06探方的最新发掘成果,根据黄土-古土壤序列、绝对测年(AMS 14C和光释光测年)、气候事件年龄和考古分析,为Dadiwan06探方的地层沉积建立了6.5万年的年代框架.考古材料分析显示,Dadiwan06探方完整记录了石英打制技术制品、细石器技术制品、大地湾一期文化以及仰韶文化陶器制品等分别代表中国北方原始采集狩猎经济、先进采集狩猎经济、早期栽培经济与成熟农业经济的4个不同发展阶段,反映了大地湾遗址距今6.0万年以来由采集狩猎经济逐步向农业经济过渡的持续人类活动历史。 | 张东菊 陈发度 BETTINGER R L BARTON L 吉笃学 MORGAN C 王辉 程晓钟 董广辉 GUILDERSON T P 赵晖 | 2010 | 科学通报2010，55，10： | 42 |
| 2 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 3 | OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GeO_2 AND Ge NANOCRYSTALS显示文摘he co m pound m aterial of n m size particles Ge O2 Si O2 w as synthesied through hydrolysis of Si( O C2 H4) and Ge Cl4 . A heat treatm ent w as carried out for the sa m ples at 100 ~1200 ℃in air . Its optical property w as deter mined by U V Vis spectur m . We have found that theabsorption edge of spectru m shifted progressively to longer w avelengths . The quantu m size ef fect of nanocrystals appears because crystals gro w and energy of optical band gap reduces d ueto the influence of te m perature . By the analysis of X ray diffraction w e have observed theprocess in w hich the structure of particles changed fro m disorder into order . | Y.H.Zhou 1) ,Y.Y.Feng 2) and H.Y.Lu 2) 1)Department of Physics Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097,China 2)Physics and Ch寁O P T I C A L P R O P E R T I E S O F Ge O2 A N D Ge N A N O C R Y S T A L S Y. H. Zhou1) , Y. Y. Feng2) | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，5： | 22 |
| 4 | Contribution of oxidative stress to pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘Recent data implicate oxidative stress as a mediator of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and of the associated pathological changes to the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV). Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered redox state, and elevated oxidant stress have been demonstrated in the lungs and RV of several animal models of PH, including chronic hypoxia, monocrotaline toxicity, caveolin-1 knock-out mouse, and the transgenic Ren2 rat which overexpresses the mouse renin gene. Generation of ROS in these models is derived mostly from the activities of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. As disease progresses circulating monocytes and bone marrow-derived monocytic progenitor cells are attracted to and accumulate in the pulmonary vasculature. Once established, these inflammatory cells generate ROS and secrete mitogenic and fibrogenic cytokines that induce cell proliferation and fibrosis in the vascular wall resulting in progressive vascular remodeling. Deficiencies in antioxidant enzymes also contribute to pulmonary hypertensive states. Current therapies were developed to improve endothelial function, reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and slow the progression of vascular remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature by targeting deficiencies in either NO (PDE-type 5 inhibition) or PGI 2 (prostacyclin analogs), or excessive synthesis of ET-1 (ET receptor blockers) with the intent to improve patient clinical status and survival. New therapies may slow disease progression to some extent, but long term management has not been achieved and mortality is still high. Although little is known concerning the effects of current pulmonary arterial hypertension treatments on RV structure and function, interest in this area is increasing. Development of therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target pathology in the pulmonary vasculature and RV may be beneficial in reducing mortality associated with RV failure. | Vincent G DeMarco Adam T Whaley-Connell James R Sowers Javad Habibi Kevin C Dellsperger | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，10： | 21 |
| 5 | 幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。 | P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 | 2007 | 胃肠病学2007，12，3： | 15 |
| 6 | Role of PRMTs in cancer: Could minor isoforms be leaving a mark?显示文摘Protein arginine methyltransferases(PRMTs) catalyze the methylation of a variety of protein substrates, many of which have been linked to the development, progression and aggressiveness of different types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant expression of PRMTs has been observed in several cancer types. While the link between PRMTs and cancer is a relatively new area of interest, the functional implications documented thus far warrant further investigations into its therapeutic potential. However, the expression of these enzymes and the regulation of their activity in cancer are still significantly understudied. Currently there are nine main members of the PRMT family. Further, the existence of alternatively spliced isoforms for several of these family members provides an additional layer of complexity. Specifically, PRMT1, PRMT2, CARM1 and PRMT7 have been shown to have alternative isoforms and others may be currently unrealized. Our knowledge with respect to the relative expression and the specific functions of these isoforms is largely lacking and needs attention. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of theknown alternative PRMT isoforms and provide a rationale for how they may impact on cancer and represent potentially useful targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. | R Mitchell Baldwin Alan Morettin Jocelyn C té | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，2： | 14 |
| 7 | 内脏脂肪组织通过产生骨桥蛋白调控成纤维细胞衰老促进心脏衰老显示文摘老化通过增加包括骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)在内的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)蛋白的沉积引起心脏结构和功能改变进而导致进行性间质纤维化。虽然已知OPN参与各种病理状况,但其在心肌衰老中的作用仍不清楚。 | Sawaki D Czibik G Pini M Ternacle J Suffee N Mercedes R Marcelin G Surenaud M Marcos E Gual P Clément K Hue S Adnot S Hatem SN Tsuchimochi I Yoshimitsu T Hénégar C Derumeaux G 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，3： | 14 |
| 8 | 绕正方形排列的顺排的四个圆柱的流动研究显示文摘本文通过采用激光诱导荧关技术(LIF),对按正方形排列、边长间距比为4的顺排的四个圆柱的层流绕流进行了流动可视化研究;同时,在Re=200的情况下,对该流场进行了PIV流场测量,两种实验结果吻合良好,显示的都是只在下游圆柱的后面才有漩涡脱落。可是,采用两维有限体积法离散N-S方程计算该流场与实验结果完全不符合,原因尚不清楚。 | 李景银 K Lam K T Chan R M C So | 2004 | 工程热物理学报2004，25，1： | 14 |
| 9 | 焦炭特性及其在高炉下部的变化过程显示文摘气化、石墨化和溶解是影响焦炭从高炉软熔带至炉缸间行为的三个主要过程。过去几年在一些专题项目中对这些过程进行了研究。简要叙述并讨论了这些过程的相互作用及其与焦炭特性的关系。对焦炭的气化反应进行了实验室测试研究,用以评价高炉条件下焦炭的特性。用高炉条件下的气化测试装置测试了几种焦炭试样,考查的质量指标包括反应性、结构变化和强度等。用实际尺寸的焦炭块对块状焦炭试样的高温行为进行了评估,将不同种类的焦炭试样加热到2 000℃,以鉴别其在高温下的行为。高温下焦炭将发生石墨化,对高温反应后的强度进行了评定,并作了显微观察,发现了一些现象和组织结构的变化。焦炭与液态渣铁相互作用的研究结果对焦炭在高炉下部的行为有了更好的理解。通过试验研究了焦炭抗液态铁水溶解的性能,对入炉前的焦炭和经高温反应的焦炭分别进行了试验。分析讨论了焦炭的抗气化、抗石墨化和抗铁水溶解性能与其结构、化学成分和强度的关系。 | B van der Velden C J Atkinson T Bakker J R H Stuurwold G J Tijhuis 徐万仁 | 2014 | 世界钢铁2014，，2： | 11 |
| 10 | 文献快报(4):肥胖儿童长期接触空气污染,更易患2型糖尿病显示文摘世界人口中2型糖尿病平均患病率为2%~6%,其中儿童2型糖尿病占所有2型糖尿病的1%~2%。目前多认为肥胖、高能量饮食、体力活动不足、高血压、血脂异常等是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。来自《糖尿病》(Diabetes)杂志上的一项最新研究显示:居住在空气污染水平较高地区的拉丁裔儿童患2型糖尿病的风险更高,这是首次在儿童群体中发现空气污染与糖尿病风险之间的关联。 | alderete t l habre r toledo-corral c m 孙莹(编译) | 2017 | 中国学校卫生2017，38，5： | 7 |
| 11 | 20~64岁人群的抗抑郁药使用和心血管结局风险:初级医疗数据库的队列研究显示文摘目的探讨抑郁患者不同抗抑郁治疗方案与3种心血管结局(心肌梗死、中风或短暂性脑缺血发作、心律不齐)比率的关系。设计队列研究。场所为 QResearch 初级医疗数据库贡献数据的英国全科诊所。参与者2000-01-01至2011-07-31首次诊断为抑郁症的年龄为20~64岁的238963例患者。干预抗抑郁药(三环类及相关抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、其他抗抑郁药)、剂量、使用时间、个体化抗抑郁药。主要结局指标5年随访过程中心肌梗死、中风或短暂性脑缺血发作、心律不齐的首次确诊。采用 Cox 比例风险回归模型估计风险比例,调整潜在混杂变量。结果5年随访期间,772例患者发生心肌梗死,1106例患者发生中风或短暂性脑缺血发作,1452例患者发生心律不齐。未发现抗抑郁药与心肌梗死存在显著关联。随访第1年,使用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂患者与未使用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂患者相比,心肌梗死风险明显下降〔 HR'=0.58,95% CI (0.42,0.79)〕;在个体化抗抑郁药中,氟西汀能够大幅降低心肌梗死风险〔HR'=0.44,95% CI(0.27,0.72)〕,而洛非帕明则会大幅增加心肌梗死风险〔HR'=3.07,95% CI(1.50,6.26)〕。抗抑郁药或个体化抗抑郁药与中风或短暂性脑缺血发作风险无明显关联。5年随访期间,抗抑郁药与心律失常无明显关联,但是在三环类及相关抗抑郁药治疗期间的前28 d 风险大幅上升〔HR'=1.99,95% CI(1.27,3.13)〕。5年随访期间,氟西汀大幅降低心律不齐的风险〔HR'=0.74,95% CI(0.59,0.92)〕,但是,即使采用高剂量,西酞普兰与心律不齐风险仍无明显关联〔 HR'=1.11,95% CI(0.72,1.71),剂量≥40 mg/ d)。结论选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂不会增加20~64岁抑郁患者的心律不齐或中风或短暂性脑缺血发作风险,而西酞普兰也不会增加心律不齐风险。选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂可能会降低心肌梗死风险,尤其是氟西汀,而洛非帕明会增加心肌梗死风险。 | Coupland C Hill T Morriss R 本刊编辑部 | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，15： | 7 |
| 12 | Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment显示文摘The tumor microenvironment(TME) is complex and constantly evolving. This is due, in part, to the crosstalk between tumor cells and the multiple cell types that comprise the TME, which results in a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and TME cells. This review will focus on two stromal cell types, the cancerassociated adipocyte(CAA) and the cancer-associated fibroblast(CAF). In the clinic, the presence of CAAs and CAFs in the TME translates to poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. CAAs and CAFs have an activated phenotype and produce growth factors, inflammatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteases in an accelerated and aberrant fashion. Through this activated state, CAAs and CAFs remodel the TME, thereby driving all aspects of tumor progression, including tumor growth and survival, chemoresistance, tumor vascularization, tumor invasion, and tumor cell metastasis. Similarities in the tumorpromoting functions of CAAs and CAFs suggest that a multipronged therapeutic approach may be necessary to achieve maximal impact on disease. While CAAs and CAFs are thought to arise from tissues adjacent to the tumor, multiple alternative origins for CAAs and CAFs have recently been identified. Recent studies from our lab and others suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell, through the myeloid lineage, may serve as a progenitor for CAAs and CAFs. We hypothesize that the multiple origins of CAAs and CAFs may contribute to the heterogeneity seen in the TME. Thus, a better understanding of the origin of CAAs and CAFs, how this origin impacts their functions in the TME, and thetemporal participation of uniquely originating TME cells may lead to novel or improved anti-tumor therapeutics. | Ying Xiong Lindsay T Mc Donald Dayvia L Russell Ryan R Kelly Katie R Wilson Meenal Mehrotra Adam C Soloff Amanda C LaRue | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 6 |
| 13 | Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture显示文摘This paper reports the recent excavation of Unit Dadiwan06 at the Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu.A 65 ka chronological framework is established for Dadiwan06 on the basis of absolute dating (AMS 14C and OSL), stratigraphy, climate change events and archaeology.Artifact distributions reveal patterns of human behavioral variation and adaptation over the past 60 ka, from primitive hunting and gathering to advanced hunting and gathering, to primitive Neolithic agriculture, and finally to advanced Neolithic agriculture. | ZHANG DongJu CHEN FaHu BETTINGER R L BARTON L JI DuXue MORGAN C WANG Hui CHENG XiaoZhong DONG GuangHui GUILDERSON T P ZHAO Hui | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，16： | 6 |
| 14 | Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) negatively regulates TLR4-mediated LPS response primarily through a phosphatase activity- and PI-3K-independent mechanism显示文摘 | An H Xu H Zhang M Zhou J Feng T Qian C Qi R Cao X | 2006 | 第二军医大学学报2006，27，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 16 | 新辅助放化疗联合全直肠系膜切除术后接受辅助化疗不能改善Ⅱ/Ⅲ期直肠癌患者的无复发生存率显示文摘目的:目前,NCCN指南建议对局部进展期Ⅱ/Ⅲ期直肠癌先行新辅助放化疗(nCRT),然后行全直肠系膜切除术(TME)和辅助化疗。辅助化疗的肿瘤学获益尚未得到进一步证实。本研究的目的是评估nCRT+TME手术后接受辅助化疗的直肠癌患者肿瘤复发和生存情况。方法:本研究是在南加州的14家医院和相关诊所完成的回顾性研究,研究对象为2005年1月1日至2016年12月31日接受手术治疗的862例Ⅱ/Ⅲ期直肠癌患者,无论是否行辅助化疗,纳入研究的患者均接受了新辅助化疗以及全直肠系膜切除术。主要终点是无复发生存率。 | 李来元 VOSS R K LIN J C ROPER M T | 2020 | 结直肠肛门外科2020，26，2： | 5 |
| 17 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 18 | 肠道菌群促进血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的高血压和血管功能障碍显示文摘肠道微生物对宿主生理反应及对免疫功能的发展来说必不可少。肠道菌群对血压和全身血管功能等这些由免疫细胞功能决定的生理过程的影响知之甚少。方法:与常规饲养的小鼠(conventionally raised rats,CONV-R)比较,未受任何细菌影响的无菌小鼠(GF)表现出较为严重的全身性辅助性T细胞1型滞后。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Karbach SH Schnfelder T Brandao I Wilms E Hrmann N Jckel S Schüler R Finger S Knorr M Lagrange J Brandt M Waisman A Kossmann S Schüfer K Münzel T Reinhardt C Wenzel P | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，10： | 5 |
| 19 | 玉米DDGS饲粮添加木聚糖酶或β-葡聚糖酶对保育猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响显示文摘本试验开展保育猪玉米DDGS饲粮添加木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶对生产性能和养分消化的影响研究。135只(起始体重7.2±0.2kg)保育猪随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复4~5只,分别为正对照组(PC,玉米/豆粕+0%玉米DDGS)、负对照组(NC,以30%玉米DDGS替代部分玉米和豆粕,不添加酶制剂)、在负对照组基础上分别添加4000 U/kg木聚糖酶(XYL)、450 U/kgβ-葡聚糖酶(BGL)或4000 U/kg木聚糖酶+450 U/kgβ-葡聚糖酶(XB)的3个酶制剂组。试猪统一饲喂玉米豆粕型饲粮1周(阶段一)后过渡到试验饲粮,试验饲粮分两阶段(阶段二:7-21天和阶段三:21-35天),试验饲粮配制以总赖氨酸含量一致为基础,营养水平达到或超过NRC(1998),为了突出纤维降解酶的作用效果,阶段二与阶段三NC、XYL、BGL和XB四组试验饲粮的代谢能比PC组分别降低3.0%和4.7%。试验发现,NC组试猪生长速度显著低于PC组(P<0.001)。阶段三,BGL组与XB组试猪日增重比NC组分别提高7.7%和9.3%(P<0.001);试验全期,XB组试猪比NC猪日增重提高6.6%(P<0.001)。XYL与XB组干物质消化率比NC组分别提高1.6%和1.4%(P<0.001),添加酶制剂组能量消化率比NC组提高5.5%(P<0.001),同时,与NC组比较,酶制剂组饲粮粗蛋白质消化率提高5.9%,差异极显著(P<0.001)。XYL、BGL和XB三组与NC组相比,饲粮中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及半纤维素消化率分别提高33%、30%与34%(P<0.02)。同时,酶制剂添加组饲粮P消化率比NC组提高46%(P<0.01)。结果表明,玉米DDGS饲粮联合添加木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶可以提高保育猪日增重,且β-葡聚糖酶起主导作用。虽然木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶对保育猪日均采食量与增重耗料比没有影响,但至少部分降低了玉米DDGS对饲粮养分利用率及生产的负面影响。 | 陈芳 Tsai T Dove C R Cline P M | 2017 | 广东饲料2017，26，4： | 4 |
| 20 | 过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响显示文摘试验旨在研究饲料中单独添加或综合添加过瘤胃(RP)蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸及可代谢蛋白(MP)对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能的影响。试验选取72头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,试验期9周。奶牛随机分配到6个试验组中,2周作为1个变量周期:MPA组,根据美国国家科学研究委员会(2001)标准,在饲料中添加调节MP到243 g·d-1;MPD组,不添加MP,MP含量低于标准量54 g·d-1;MPDM组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP蛋氨酸;MPDL组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP赖氨酸;MPDH组,在MPD组的基础上加入组氨酸;MPDMLH组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP蛋氨酸、RP赖氨酸和RP组氨酸。试验结果表明,与MPA组对比,MPD组的干物质采食量(DMI)、产奶量、乳成分(乳脂肪、乳蛋白和乳糖)及能量校正的牛乳(ECM)、ECM饲料利用效率、牛奶和血浆中的N均降低。在MPD基础上补充RP赖氨酸可使乳蛋白率、血浆中葡萄糖浓度增加,且牛奶中N元素含量有增加的趋势;补充RP组氨酸可使DMI、牛奶浓缩蛋白增加,且乳脂肪、乳蛋白和ECM显著增加;补充3种RP氨基酸时,增加了乳蛋白率,使DMI和乳脂率有增加趋势,也提高了乳脂肪、乳蛋白含量和ECM及ECM饲料利用效率。与MPA相比,MPD组牛奶中N的含量有降低趋势,且血浆中必需氨基酸(除赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)浓度均降低。补充RP赖氨酸、RP蛋氨酸和RP组氨酸提高了血浆中蛋氨酸(除MPDM组)、赖氨酸和组氨酸浓度。饲喂MPD的奶牛血红蛋白浓度降低,血浆生长素含量高于MPA组。MPD组牛奶中总饱和脂肪酸浓度有高于MPA和MPDMLH组的趋势。MPD组的多元不饱和脂肪、牛奶中奇链与支链脂肪酸含量与MPA组相比,有降低趋势。试验结果表明,对于饲料中缺乏MP的奶牛,在饲料中添加组氨酸和添加3种RP氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸)均有提高牛奶产量和牛奶组分含量的可能性。 | Giallongo F Harper M T Oh J Lopes J C Lapierre H Patton R A Parys C Shinzato I Hristov A N | 2016 | 饲料博览2016，0，7： | 4 |
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