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| 1 | Meta-analyses on prevalence of selected Parkinson’s nonmotor symptoms before and after diagnosis显示文摘Background:Nonmotor symptoms are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and some may precede disease diagnosis.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence of selected nonmotor symptoms before and after PD diagnosis,using random-effect models.We searched PubMed(1965 through October/November 2012)for the following symptoms:hyposmia,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,excessive daytime sleepiness,depression,and anxiety.Eligible studies were publications in English with original data on one or more of these symptoms.Results:The search generated 2,373 non-duplicated publications and 332 met the inclusion criteria,mostly(n=320)on symptoms after PD diagnosis.For all symptoms,the prevalence was substantially higher in PD cases than in controls,each affecting over a third of the patients.Hyposmia was the most prevalent(75.5%in cases vs.19.1%in controls),followed by constipation(50%vs.17.7%),anxiety(39.9%vs.19.1%),rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(37.0%vs.7.0%),depression(36.6%vs.14.9%),and excessive daytime sleepiness(33.9%vs.10.5%).We observed substantial heterogeneities across studies and meta-regression analyses suggested that several factors might have contributed to this.However,the prevalence estimates were fairly robust in several sensitivity analyses.Only 20 studies had data on any symptoms prior to PD diagnosis,but still the analyses revealed higher prevalence in future PD cases than in controls.Conclusion:These symptoms are common among PD patients both before and after diagnosis.Further studies are needed to understand the natural history of nonmotor symptoms in PD and their etiological and clinical implications. | Honglei Chen Edward J Zhao Wen Zhang Yi Lu Rui Liu Xuemei Huang Anna J Ciesielski-Jones Michele A Justice Deborah S Cousins Shyamal Peddada | 2015 | Translational Neurodegeneration2015，4，1： | 18 |
| 2 | Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells contribute to experimental choroidal neovascularization 显示文摘 | ESPINOSA-HEIDMANN DG CAICEDO A HERNANDEZ EP CSAKY KG COUSINS SW | 2003 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2003，44，11： | 1 |
| 3 | Improved timeofflight magnetic resonance angiography with IDEAL waterfat separation显示文摘 | Grayev A Shimakawa A Cousins J | 2009 | J Magn Reson Imaging2009，29，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Temperature and thermal stress scaling in finite-length end-pumped laser rods 显示文摘 | COUSINS A K | 1992 | IEEE J Q E1992，28，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Biodegradation of microcystin-LR by indigenous mixed bacterial populations显示文摘 | COUSINS I T BEALING D J JANMES H A | 1996 | Water Research1996，30，2： | 1 |
| 6 | A multimedia assessment of environmental fate of bispenol A显示文摘 | COUSINS I T STAPLES C A KLECKA C M | 2002 | Human and Ecological Risk Assessment2002，8，： | 1 |
| 7 | Electrical resistivity survey in soil science: a review显示文摘 | Samou~lian A Cousin I Tabbagh A Bruand A Richard G | 2005 | Soil and Tillage Research2005，83，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Detection of pelvic lymph node metastases in gynecologic malignancy: a comparison of CT, MR imaging, and positron emission tomo- graphy显示文摘 | Williams A D Cousins C Soutter W P | 2001 | A JR Am J Roentgenol2001，177，： | 1 |
| 9 | Enzyme-linked lmmunosorbent assay for detection of moulds in cheese and yogurt显示文摘 | Tsai G J Cousin M A | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Poverty-associated risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life in Honduras and E1 Salvador 显示文摘 | Bueso A Figueroa M Cousin L | 2010 | Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)2010，38，4： | 1 |
| 11 | A survey of process flow sheet modifications for energy efficient CO2 capture from flue gases using chemical absorption显示文摘 | Cousins A Wardhaugh L T Feron P H M | 2011 | International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control2011，5，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Functional alterations in CNS catecholamine systems in adolescence and adulthood after neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure 显示文摘 | Slotkin T A Tatec A Cousins M M | 2002 | Developmental Brain Research2002，133，： | 1 |
| 13 | Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance 显示文摘 | Cani PD Amar J Iglesias MA Poggi M Knauf C Bastelica D Neyrinck AM Fava F Tuohy KM Chabo C Waget A Delm6e E Cousin B Sulpice T Chamontin B Ferrieres J Tanti JF Gibson OR Casteilla L Delzenne NM Alessi MC Burcelin R | 2007 | Diabetes2007，56，7： | 1 |
| 14 | A review of the processes involved in the exchange of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) across the air-soil interface 显示文摘 | Cousins I T Beck A J Jones K C | 1999 | Science of the Total Environment1999，228，1： | 1 |
| 15 | A multimedia assessment of the environmental fate of bisphenol A显示文摘 | COUSINS I T STAPLES C A KLECKA G M | 2002 | Human and Ecological Risk Assessment2002，8，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Func- tional alterations in CNS cateeholamine systems in adolescence and adulthood after neonatal ehlorpyrifos exposure 显示文摘 | SLOTKIN T A TATE C A COUSINS M M | 2002 | Brain Res Dev Brain Res2002，133，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Impacts and fate of experimentally enhanced nitrogen deposition on a British lowland health显示文摘 | Power S A Ashmore M R Cousins D A | 1998 | Environ Poll1998，102，： | 1 |
| 18 | Atrophy of the putamen in dementiawith Lewy bodies but not Alzhei- meres disease:an MRI study显示文摘 | Cousins D A Burton E J Burn D | 2003 | Neurology2003，61，： | 1 |
| 19 | Laparoscopic versus conventional live donor nephrectomy: experience in a community transplant program显示文摘 | Hawasli A Boutt A Cousins G | 2001 | Am Surg2001，67，： | 1 |
| 20 | Regulated heat shock protein 27 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium显示文摘 | Strunnikova N Baffi J Gonzalez A Silk W Cousins SW Csaky KG | 2001 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2001，42，9： | 1 |
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