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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | 急性缺血性卒中的血管内治疗:神经介入外科学学会实践标准委员会的报告显示文摘目的总结采用血管内技术治疗急性缺血性卒中的有关证据并等级分类。方法对美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)以前发表的推荐意见进行审查并作为当前流程的基础。在此这基础上,进行系统的文献回顾以评估支持急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的证据。根据AHA卒中委员会和牛津大学循证医学中心提出的循证医学证据分级指南进行评估。对操作安全性、技术效果以及对临床转归的影响进行特别审核。 | K A Blackham P M Meyers T A Abruzzo F C Alberquerque D Fiorella J Fraser D Frei C D Gandhi D V Heck J A Hirsch D P Hsu M Jayaraman S Narayanan C Prestigiacomo J L Sunshine 包元飞(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2012 | 国际脑血管病杂志2012，20，12： | 28 |
| 3 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 4 | SMARCA4缺失性子宫未分化肉瘤(子宫恶性横纹肌样瘤)是一组与未分化癌具有不同临床病理特征的肿瘤实体显示文摘卵巢高钙血症型小细胞癌非常罕见,通常发生于年轻女性,是一种侵袭性非常强的恶性肿瘤,其特征是具有SMARCA4突变,而几乎没有其他基因突变。作者最近遇到一些与卵巢高钙血症型小细胞癌具有相似的形态学、免疫表型和遗传学特征的子宫肿瘤。 | 赵芳 魏建国 Kolin D L Dong F Baltay M | 2018 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2018，34，11： | 14 |
| 5 | 富铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究显示文摘利用高精度Paterson气体介质变形装置对(Mg0.5,Fe0.5)2SiO4和(Mg0.7,Fe0.3)2SiO4橄榄石集合体进行了高温三轴压缩变形试验。首先用人工合成了纯铁橄榄石Fe2SiO4,然后用合成的纯铁橄榄石与天然圣卡罗橄榄石按一定比例混合烧结合成了含铁量分别为50%和30%的富铁橄榄石集合体Fo50和Fo70。三轴压缩蠕变变形试验在温度1223-1473 K和围压 300 MPa的条件下进行,差应力为10-300 MPa,应变率为10-7-10-4s-1,每个试件的最大变形量为20%.利用三维非线性方法对蠕变数据进行拟合,得出的流动律中,Fo50应力指数为4.1,活化能为499kJ/mol;Fo70应力指数为4.3,活化能为510kJ/ mol。将实验结果与Fo90圣卡罗橄榄石集合体的强度进行对比,发现含铁量的增加使橄榄石的强度明显下降,Fo50橄榄石集合体比Fo70的粘性低一个量级,Fo70比Fo90的粘性低一个量级。从而得到了含铁量对橄榄石的粘性(强度)影响的初步试验结果。 | 赵永红 Zimmerman M Kohlstedt D L | 2005 | 岩石学报2005，21，3： | 12 |
| 6 | Potent antitumor efficacy of an E1B 55kDa-deficient adenovirus carrying murine endostatin in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Li G Sham J Yang J Su C Xue H Chua D Sun L Zhang Q Cui Z Wu M Qian Q | 2005 | 第二军医大学学报2005，26，11： | 9 |
| 7 | 1型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,心脏自身免疫和心血管病的长期风险显示文摘血糖控制不佳与1型糖尿病(type 1diabetes mellitus,T1DM)患者的心血管病风险增加有关;然而,对T1DM的特异性机制知之甚少。在T1DM中,心肌损伤可诱发持续的心脏自身免疫。慢性高血糖症引起心肌损伤,高血糖诱导的心脏自身免疫可能导致长期心血管病并发症的可能性。 | Sousa GR Pober D Galderisi A Lv H Yu L Pereira AC Doria A Kosiborod M Lipes MA 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，1： | 8 |
| 8 | 固定低剂量三联抗高血压药物与常规治疗对斯里兰卡轻度至中度高血压患者血压控制的疗效差异:一项随机临床试验显示文摘控制不良的高血压是全球领先的公共卫生问题,需要新的治疗策略。该研究评估低剂量三联抗高血压药物治疗是否能达到比常规治疗更好的血压控制。研究者纳入2016年2月至2017年5月在斯里兰卡11所城市医院诊所就诊的需要开始抗高血压治疗(未治疗的患者)或接受单药治疗的患者,进行低剂量三联降压与常规治疗比较的随机、开放性试验,随访至2017年10月。 | Web-ster R Salam A de Silva HA Selak V Stepien S Rajapakse S Amarasekara S Amarasena N Billot L de Silva AP Fernando M Guggilla R Jan S Jayawardena J Maulik PK Mendis S Munasinghe J Naik N Prabhakaran D Ranasinghe G Thom S Tisserra N Senaratne V Wijekoon S Wijeyasingam S Rodgers A Patel A 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，12： | 7 |
| 9 | Leukemia:研究鉴定出与34种AML白血病亚群相关联的基因突变显示文摘针对成年急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者的一项新的大型研究将80种癌症相关基因突变与5种AML亚型相关联。这5种AML亚型可通过特异性的染色体异常加以确定。在未来,这些发现可能有助指导基因突变测试和治疗决策。 | A-K Eisfeld K Mrózek J Kohlschmidt D Nicolet S Orwick C J Walker K W Kroll J S Blachly A J Carroll J E Kolitz B L Powell E S Wang R M Stone A de la Chapelle J C Byrd C D Bloomfield | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，15： | 7 |
| 10 | Predictors of suboptimal bowel preparation in asymptomatic patients undergoing average-risk screening colonoscopy显示文摘AIM To identify risk factors for a suboptimal preparation among a population undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy.METHODS Retrospective review of the University of Michigan and Veteran's Administration(VA) Hospital records from 2009 to identify patients age 50 and older who underwent screening or surveillance procedure and had resection of polyps less than 1 cm in size and no more than 2 polyps. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of colorectal cancer were excluded. Suboptimal procedures were defined as procedure preparations categorized as fair, poor or inadequate by the endoscopist. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of suboptimal preparation.RESULTS Of 4427 colonoscopies reviewed, 2401 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Of our population, 16% had a suboptimal preparation. African Americans were 70% more likely to have a suboptimal preparation(95%CI: 1.2-2.4). Univariable analysis revealed that narcotic and tricyclic antidepressants(TCA) use, diabetes, prep type, site(VA vs non-VA), and presence of a gastroenterology(GI) fellow were associated with suboptimal prep quality. In a multivariable model controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, procedure site and presence of a GI fellow, diabetes [odds ratio(OR) = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.6-3.2], TCA use(OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.3-4.9), narcotic use(OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) and Miralax-Gatorade prep vs 4L polyethylene glycol 3350(OR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4-0.9) were associated with a suboptimal prep quality. CONCLUSION Diabetes, narcotics use and TCA use were identified as predictors of poor preparation in screening colonoscopies while Miralax-Gatorade preps were associated with better bowel preparation. | Shail M Govani Eric E Elliott Stacy B Menees Stephanie L Judd Sameer D Saini Constantinos P Anastassiades Annette L Urganus Suzanna J Boyce Philip S Schoenfeld | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，17： | 7 |
| 11 | Recent trends in liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in the United States显示文摘AIM To examine temporal changes in the indications for liver transplantation(LT) and characteristics of patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of trends in the indication for LT using the United Network for Organ Sharing(UNOS) database between 2002 and 2015. Patients were grouped by etiology of the liver disease and characteristics were compared using χ~2 and t-tests. Time series analysis was used identifying any year with a significant change in the number of transplants per year for ALD, and before and after eras were modeled using a general linear model. Subgroup analysis of recipients with ALD was performed by age group, gender, UNOS region and etiology(alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and hepatitis C-alcoholic cirrhosis dual listing).RESULTS Of 74216 liver transplant recipients, ALD(n = 9400, 12.7%) was the third leading indication for transplant after hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplants for ALD, increased from 12.8%(553) in 2002 to 16.5%(1020) in 2015. Time series analysis indicated a significant increase in the number of transplants per year for ALD in 2013(P = 0.03). There were a stable number of transplants per year between 2002 and 2012(linear coefficient 3, 95%CI:-4.6, 11.2) an increase of 177 per year between 2013 and 2015(95%CI: 119, 234). This increase was significant for all age groups except those 71-83 years old, was observed for both genders, and was incompletely explained by a decrease in transplants for hepatitis C and ALD dual listing. All UNOS regions except region 9 saw an increase in the mean number of transplants per year when comparing eras, and this increase was significant in regions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11.CONCLUSION There has been a dramatic increase in the number of transplants for ALD starting in 2013. | Catherine E Kling James D Perkins Robert L Carithers Dennis M Donovan Lena Sibulesky | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，36： | 6 |
| 12 | 通过业余时间运动的中老年的运动心电图:100次运动试验足以确定一个无症状心肌缺血的心脏事件风险显示文摘运动心电图在预防运动员心脏事件方面的重要性一直存在争议。为了确定运动心电图中无症状心肌缺血(silent myocardial ischemia,SMI)的频率及运动心电图与冠状动脉造影评估结果和潜在可预防的心脏事件的关系。Hupin等纳入2011-2014年就诊于Saint-Etienne大学医院运动医学科年龄≥35岁的无症状业余运动员,进行前瞻性队列研究。 | 刘青 叶鹏 Hupin D Edouard P Oriol M Laukkanen J Abraham P Doutreleau S Guy JM CarréF Barthélémy JC Roche F Chatard JC | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents显示文摘AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life. | Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 6 |
| 14 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 15 | 一种miRNA标记在胶质瘤侵袭性表型的确定与预后评估中的价值(英文)显示文摘Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas. | Barbano R Palumbo O Pasculli B Galasso M Volinia S D'Angelo V Icolaro N Coco M Dimitri L Graziano P Copetti M Valori VM Maiello E Carella M Fazio VM Parrella P | 2014 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2014，13，5： | 6 |
| 16 | 急性冠状动脉综合征发生1个月后的生长分化因子15水平与主要出血风险增加相关显示文摘用双重抗血小板治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(acutecoronarysyndromes,ACS)患者在初次就诊测量的生长分化因子15(growthdifferentiationfactor-15,GDF-15)与大出血相关。 | Lindholm D Hagstrm E James SK Becker RC Cannon CP Himmelmann A Katus HA Maurer G López-Sendón JL Steg PG Storey RF Siegbahn A Wallentin L 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，5： | 5 |
| 17 | TAT-Gap19通过抑制啮齿动物星形胶质细胞的连接蛋白43半通道发挥抗惊厥作用显示文摘越来越多的证据表明,星形胶质细胞连接蛋白43(Cx43)信号在癫痫中发挥至关重要的作用。但是,由于通过实验方法鉴别Cx43间隙连接通道(GJCs)和半通道(HCs)的技术尚不成熟,导致目前尚无法确定哪个通道在癫痫的发生中发挥更重要的作用。因此,本研究观察TAT-Gap19(Cx模拟肽)是否通过抑制Cx43半通道而非Cx43间隙连接通道影响实验诱导的啮齿动物癫痫发作。急性海马切片小鼠染料摄取实验表明,星形胶质Cx43半通道响应化学惊厥毛果芸香碱的作用而开放,并且可被TAT-Gap19抑制。体内实验中,毛果芸香碱诱导的癫痫发作及相伴随的D-丝氨酸微透析液的增长水平被Cx43半通道的抑制所抑制。此外,TAT-Gap19的抗惊厥作用被外源性D-丝氨酸给药逆转,这表明,抑制Cx43半通道可以通过降低细胞外D-丝氨酸水平来防止癫痫发作。抑制Cx43半通道的抗惊厥特性在电癫痫小鼠模型(如急性6 Hz难治性癫痫发作模型和慢性6 Hz角膜点燃模型)中得到了进一步的证实。总而言之,这些结果表明,Cx43半通道在癫痫发作中可以起到一定作用,并且有成为癫痫治疗中新型用药靶点的潜力。 | Walrave L Pierre A Albertini G Aourz N De Bundel D Van Eeckhaut A Vinken M Giaume C Leybaert L Smolders I 聂昊 | 2018 | 神经损伤与功能重建2018，13，6： | 5 |
| 18 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 19 | The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper. | Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 5 |
| 20 | Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the colonic mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To investigate intestinal alkaline phosphatase(iAP) in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Colonic biopsy samples were taken from 15 newly diagnosed IBD patients and from 10 healthy controls.In IBD patients,specimens were obtainedboth from inflamed and non-inflamed areas.The iAP mRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.Tissue localization of iAP and Toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 was investigated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:The iAP protein level in the inflamed mucosa of children with Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) was significantly decreased when compared with controls(both P < 0.05).Similarly,we found a significantly decreased level of iAP protein in the inflamed mucosa in CD compared with non-inflamed mucosa in CD(P < 0.05).In addition,the iAP protein level in inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with UC was decreased compared with non-inflamed mucosa in patients with CD(P < 0.05).iAP protein levels in the non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD were similar to controls.iAP mRNA expression in inflamed colonic mucosa of children with CD and UC was not significantly different from that in non-inflamed colonic mucosa with CD.Expression of iAP mRNA in patients with noninflamed mucosa and in controls were similar.Co-localization of iAP with TLR4 showed intense staining with a dotted-like pattern.iAP was present in the inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD,UC,and in control biopsy specimens,irrespective of whether it was present in the terminal ileum or in the colon.However,the fluorescent signal of TLR4 was more pronounced in the colon compared with the terminal ileum in all groups studied.CONCLUSION:Lower than normal iAP protein levels in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients may indicate a role for iAP in inflammatory lesions in IBD.Based on our results,administration of exogenous iAP enzyme to patients with the active form of IBD may be a therapeutic option. | Kriszta Molnár dám Vannay Beáta Szebeni Nóra Fanni Bánki Erna Sziksz ron Cseh Hajnalka Gyrffy Péter László Lakatos Mária Papp András Arató Gábor Veres | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，25： | 5 |
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