|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 定量古生物学软件PAST及其常用功能显示文摘近半个世纪以来,古生物学涉及越来越复杂的现象与过程,难以用传统的经验科学方法来解决。伴随着相关研究引入日益增多的定量分析,古生物学逐渐成为一门可定量分析的科学。作为最早的古生物学专用的免费统计软件包,PAST功能全面、易于使用,并在过去十几年中发展迅速,目前已在相关软件中占据重要地位。本文在简单介绍该软件基本操作方法的基础上,结合古生物学应用案例,解读最常用到的几类'常规统计分析'与'多元统计分析'的使用;同时,针对古生物学相关领域中的'多样性、丰度及居群结构','形态学'和'生物地层学'问题,给出具体分析实例。在相关案例的分析介绍中,详细梳理用PAST实现这些分析的具体步骤,因而具有较好的实用参考价值。受篇幅所限,文章对软件中其他不常用但相对重要的9个模块只进行简要介绍,以供读者在偶尔涉及该类分析时参考。PAST软件不仅功能强大,而且能够针对古生物学及地层学浮现出来的最新前沿问题不断进行调整、更新,值得在古生物学界推广使用。 | 黄冰 David A T Harper φyvind Hammer | 2013 | 古生物学报2013，52，2： | 28 |
| 2 | Methylation-dependent loss of RIP3 expression in cancer represses programmed necrosis in response to chemotherapeutics显示文摘交往受体的蛋白质 kinase-3 (RIP3 或 RIPK3 ) 是执行 “ 的细胞的机械的必要部分; programmed”或 “ regulated”坏死。这里,我们证明那规划坏死响应许多化学疗法的代理人被激活并且贡献导致化疗的房间死亡。然而,我们证明那 RIP3 表情经常在化学疗法的死亡期间由于它的 transcriptional 开始地点, MLKL 的这样 RIP3 依赖的激活和下游地规划的坏死附近的 genomic methylation 是在癌症房间的 silenced 大部分被镇压。不过,有 hypomethylating 代理人的治疗恢复 RIP3 表示,并且从而以一种 RIP3 依赖的方式把敏感提升到 chemotherapeutics。RIP3 表示在 85% 乳癌病人与正常织物相比在肿瘤被减少,建议那 RIP3 缺乏断然在肿瘤生长 / 发展期间被选择。因为 hypomethylating 代理人在病人是相当容忍得好的,我们建议病人们可以从收到 hypomethylating 代理人与常规 chemotherapeutics 在治疗以前导致 RIP3 表示有益于的那 RIP3 缺乏的癌症。 | Gi-Bang Koo Michael J Morgan Da-Gyum Lee Woo-Jung Kim Jung-Ho Yoon Ja Seung Koo Seung I1 Kim Soo Jung Kim Mi Kwon Son Soon Still Hong Jean M Mulcahy Levy Daniel A Pollyea Craig T Jordan Pearlly Yan David Frankhouser Deedra Nicolet Kati Maharry Guido Marcucci Kyeong Sook Choi Hyeseong Cho ndrew Thorbum You-Sun Kim | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，6： | 20 |
| 3 | Carcinoma in situ in a 7 mm gallbladder polyp: Time to change current practice?显示文摘Detection of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder is increasing in conjunction with better imaging modalities. Accepted management of these lesions depends on their size and symptomatology. Polyps that are symptomatic and/or greater than 10 mm are generally removed, while smaller, asymptomatic polyps simply monitored. Here, a case of carcinoma-in-situ is presented in a 7 mm gallbladder polyp. A 25-year-old woman, who had undergone a routine cholecystectomy, was found to have an incidental 7 mm polyp containing carcinoma in situ. She had few to no risk factors to alert to her condition. There are few reported cases of cancer transformation in gallbladder polyps smaller than 10 mm reported in the literature. The overwhelming consensus, barring significant risk factors for cancer being present, is that such lesions should be monitored until they become symptomatic or develop signs suspicious for malignancy. In our patient's case this could have led to the possibility of missing a neoplastic lesion, which could then have gone on to develop invasive cancer. As gallbladder carcinoma is an aggressive cancer, this may have led to a tragic outcome. | David Kasle Amir A Rahnemai-Azar Shahida Bibi Vinaya Gaduputi Brian F Gilchrist Daniel T Farkas | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，9： | 8 |
| 4 | Microscopic colitis:A large retrospective analysis from a health maintenance organization experience显示文摘AIM:To examine the demographic data on a large multi-ethnic population of patients with microscopic colitis (MC) in Southern California and to determine the association of MC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer.METHODS: All patients diagnosed with MC by colonic biopsy from 1996-2005 were identified utilizing a pathology database. All biopsies were reviewed by experienced pathologists utilizing standard histologic criteria. Patients' medical records were reviewed and data regarding patient age, co-morbidities, sex, ethnicity, and medications were analyzed. An age-and sexmatched standard control group was also generated. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of co-morbidities between lymphocytic colitis (LC), collagenous colitis (CC) and the control group.RESULTS: A total of 547 cases of MC were identif ied,376 patients with LC and 171 patients with CC. The female/male ratio was 3:1 in CC and 2.7:1 in LC patients. Celiac disease (P<0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (P<0.001), and thyroid diseases (P<0.001) were found to have a higher occurrence in MC compared to the control group. No statistical differences in the occurrence of colorectal cancer, diabetes and IBD were found between the MC group and the control group.CONCLUSION: This is the largest group of patients with MC known to the authors that has been studied to date. Conditions such as celiac disease, IBS, and thyroid diseases were found to be related to MC. Furthermore, neither an increased risk of colorectal cancer nor IBD was associated with MC in this study. | Kevin T Kao Benito A Pedraza Amy C McClune David A Rios Yi-Qiong Mao Robert H Zuch Michael H Kanter Sony Wirio Chris N Conteas | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，25： | 5 |
| 5 | Short and long term outcomes of 200 patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices显示文摘AIM: To study the institutional experience over 8 years with 200 continuous-flow(CF)- left ventricular assist devices(LVAD).METHODS: We evaluated our institution's LVAD database and analyzed all patients who received a CF LVAD as a bridge to transplant(BTT) or destination therapy from March 2006 until June 2014. We identified 200 patients, of which 179 were implanted with a Heart Mate II device(Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA) and 21 received a Heartware HVAD(Heart Ware Inc., Framingham, MA).RESULTS: The mean age of our LVAD recipients was 59.3 years(range 17-81), 76%(152/200) were males, and 49% were implanted for the indication of BTT. The survival rate for our LVAD patients at 30 d, 6 mo, 12 mo, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years was 94%, 86%, 78%, 71%, 62% and 45% respectively. The mean duration of LVAD support was 581 d(range 2-2595 d). Gastrointestinal bleeding(was the most common adverse event(43/200, 21%), followed by right ventricular failure(38/200, 19%), stroke(31/200, 15%), re exploration for bleeding(31/200, 15%),ventilator dependent respiratory failure(19/200, 9%) and pneumonia(15/200, 7%). Our driveline infection rate was 7%. Pump thrombosis occurred in 6% of patients. Device exchanged was needed in 6% of patients. On multivariate analysis, preoperative liver dysfunction, ventilator dependent respiratory failure, tracheostomy and right ventricular failure requiring right ventricular assist device support were significant predictors of post LVAD survival.CONCLUSION: Short and long term survival for patients on LVAD support are excellent, although outcomes still remain inferior compared to heart transplantation. The incidence of driveline infections, pump thrombosis and pump exchange have declined significantly in recent years. | Athanasios Tsiouris Gaetano Paone Hassan W Nemeh Jamil Borgi Celeste T Williams David E Lanfear Jeffrey A Morgan | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，11： | 5 |
| 6 | Putting things in place for fertilization: discovering roles for importin proteins in cell fate and spermatogenesis显示文摘Importin 蛋白质原来通过原子毛孔在蛋白质运输为他们的中央角色被描绘,唯一的细胞内部的入口到原子核。这个重要函数必须紧被调整由抄写因素和另外的原子蛋白质控制存取到 genomic DNA,到完成细胞的行为影响的适当调整房间命运。调停 Importin 的 nucleocytoplasmic 运输依靠他们货物的特定的识别,与到不同、重叠的蛋白质子集的每 importin 绑定。importin 功能的知识关于三个关键发展系统实质地膨胀了:胚胎的干细胞,肌肉房间和细菌排队。自从为调整 nucleocytoplasmic 运输的潜力被建议贡献精子发生,在十年,我们和其它证明了进原子核的渡船抄写因素执行的 importins 另外的角色,它控制房间命运。这评论从哺乳动物的精子发生的研究介绍关键调查结果揭示男富饶和不孕由产生的潜在的新小径。germline 开始的这些研究照亮 importin 蛋白质在管理细胞的区别的新方法,经由指导到不同细胞内部的分隔空间并且由决定细胞的压力回答的蛋白质包括。 | Kate L Loveland Andrew T Major Romaly Butler Julia C Young David A Jan Yoichi Miyamoto | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Molecular detection of pancreatic neoplasia: Current status and future promise显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and curative resection is feasible in only a small minority of patients at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis at an early stage is unequivocally associated with better long-term survival. Several candidate molecular markers for early detection are currently under investigation in different phases of discovery and validation. Recent advances in the technology for whole genome,methylome,ribonucleome,and proteome interrogation has enabled rapid advancements in the field of biomarker discovery. In this review we discuss the current status of molecular markers for detection of pancreatic cancer in blood,pancreatic cyst fluid,pancreatic juice and stool and briefly highlight some promising preliminary results of new approaches that have the potential of advancing this field in the near future. | Shounak Majumder Suresh T Chari David A Ahlquist | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 3 |
| 8 | Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Thiopurine analogs and anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)agents have dramatically changed the therapeutics of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),improving short and long-term outcomes.Unfortunately some patients do not respond to therapy and others lose response over time.The pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs are complex,with high inter-patient variability.Thiopurine analogs are metabolized through a series of pathways,which vary according to the patients’pharmacogenetic profile.This profile largely determines the ratios of metabolites,which are in turn associated with likelihoods of clinical efficacy and/or toxicity.Understanding these mechanisms allows for manipulation of drug dose,aiming to reduce the development of toxicity while improving the efficacy of treatment.The efficacy of anti-TNF drugs is influenced by many pharmacodynamic variables.Several factors may alter drug clearance,including the concomitant use of immunomodulators(thiopurine analogs and methotrexate),systemic inflammation,the presence of anti-drug antibodies,and body mass.The treatment of IBD has evolved with the understanding of the pharmacologic profiles of immunomodulating and TNF-inhibiting medications,with good evidence for improvement in patient outcomesobserved when measuring metabolic pathway indices.The role of routine measurement of metabolite/drug levels and antibodies warrants further prospective studies as we enter the era of personalized IBD care. | Andres J Yarur Maria T Abreu Amar R Deshpande David H Kerman Daniel A Sussman | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 2 |
| 9 | Toxicity of Benzotriazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives to Three Aquatic Species显示文摘 | David A Pillard Jeffrey S Cornell Doree L DuFresne Mark T Hernandez | 2000 | Water Research2000，，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas: Underrecognized benign cystic lesions of the pancreas显示文摘AIM: To identify their diagnostic and prognostic clinical characteristics in a large series.METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas at Massachusetts General Hospital.RESULTS: Twelve patients were identified between 1/1/1997 and 8/1/2007. Their median age was 55.5 years(range 19-78 years), and 6 were females. The le-sion was incidentally discovered in half of the patients.Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrat-ed that the cysts had thin walls, without calcifications, pancreatic duct dilation or pancreatic parenchyma inva-sion. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration(EUS/FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of a lymphoepithe-lial cyst in 3 patients, one of whom was spared an op-eration and continues to do well after 6 years. Eleven patients had a resection: 3 pancreaticoduodenecto-mies, 7 distal pancreatectomies, and 1 enucleation. The median size of the cysts was 3 cm(range 2-20 cm). At a median follow-up of 57 mo no recurrences or other pancreas-related conditions occurred.CONCLUSION: Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas can be diagnosed with a combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomog-raphy scans and EUS/FNA. If the lesion is asymptom-atic, an operation might be avoided. | Ioannis T Konstantinidis Avinash Kambadakone Onofrio A Catalano Dushyant V Sahani Vikram Deshpe David G Forcione Jennifer A Wargo Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo Keith D Lillemoe Andrew L Warshaw Cristina R Ferrone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 11 | Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Sophie A Jamal Ben Vandermeer Paolo Raggi David C Mendelssohn Trish Chatterley Marlene Dorgan Charmaine E Lok David Fitchett Ross T Tsuyuki | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained. | Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston David J Rawlings David Walshaw Roger M Francis Nick P Thompson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 2 |
| 13 | Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity显示文摘 | Gabrielsen J Scott Gao Yan Simcox Judith A Huang Jingyu Thorup David Jones Deborah Cooksey Robert C Gabrielsen David Adams Ted D Hunt Steven C Hopkins Paul N Cefalu William T McClain Donald A | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Personalising pancreas cancer treatment:When tissue is the issue显示文摘The treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer has not moved much beyond single agent gemcitabine until recently when protocols such as FOLFIRINOX(fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan and oxaliplatin)and nab-paclitaxelgemcitabine have demonstrated some improved outcomes.Advances in technology especially in massively parallel genome sequencing has progressed our understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer especially the candidate signalling pathways that are involved in tumourogenesis and disease course.This has allowed identification of potentially actionable mutations that may be targeted by new biological agents.The heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer makes tumour tissue collection important with the aim of being able to personalise therapies for the individual as opposed to a one size fits all approach to treatment of the condition.This paper reviews the developments in this area of translational research and the ongoing clinical studies that will attempt to move this into the everyday oncology practice. | Katrin M Sjoquist Venessa T Chin Lorraine A Chantrill Chelsie O'Connor Chris Hemmings David K Chang Angela Chou Marina Pajic Amber L Johns Adnan M Nagrial Andrew V Biankin Desmond Yip | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 2 |
| 15 | Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA Copy Number Is Dependent on Grade of Cervical Disease and HPV Type显示文摘 | David C S Ruth A T Guillermo T L | 1999 | Clin Microbiol1999，37，： | 1 |
| 16 | TMEM16F forms a Ca2+-activated cation channel required for lipids scrambling in platelets during blood coagulation显示文摘 | Yang Huang-he Kim A David T | 2012 | Cell2012，151，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Diverticulitis in California from 1995 to 2006: Increased Rates of Treatment for Younger Patients显示文摘 | Etzioni David A Cannom Rebecca R Ault Glenn T Beart Robert W Kaiser Andreas M | 2009 | The American Surgeon2009，，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Weldability of Fe3Al-type aluminide显示文摘 | DAVID S A ZACHARIA T | 1993 | Welding Journal1993，72，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Late Glacial temperature and precipitation changes in tile lowland Neotropics by tandem measurement of lSO in biogenic carbonate and gypsum hydration water显示文摘 | DAVID A H ALEXANDRA V T CAMILLA J W | 2012 | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta2012，77，： | 1 |
| 20 | Probability of successful defibrillation at multiples of the defibrillation energy requirernent in patients with an implantable defibrillator显示文摘 | Strickberger S A Daoud E G David son T | | 0，，： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员