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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege显示文摘 | Griffith T S Brunner T Fletcher S M | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 3 | RhoC-GTPase is a novel tissue biomarker associated with biologically aggressive carcinomas of the breast显示文摘 | Kleer C G Griffith K A Sabel M S | 2005 | Breast Cancer Res Treat2005，93，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Time-domain analysis of lossy coupled transmission lines显示文摘 | Griffith J R Nakhla M S | 1990 | IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques1990，38，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional gene polymorphisms in aggressive and chronic periodontitis 显示文摘 | BRETT P M ZYGOGIANNI P GRIFFITHS G S | 2005 | J Dent Res2005，84，12： | 1 |
| 6 | The effect of nitrate-nitrogen on bacteria and the bacterial feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species 显示文摘 | WELSCHEN R VON ARENDONK J J C M | 1992 | Oecologia1992，91，： | 1 |
| 7 | Ductility components and limits of FRP - plated RC structures 显示文摘 | D J Oehlers M C Griffith M S Mohamed All | 2009 | Construction and Building Materials2009，23，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Aminimally invasive approach for plate fixation of the proximal humerus显示文摘 | Gardner M J Griffith M H Dines J S | 2004 | Bull Hosp Jt Dis2004，62，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Chitinase genes respon- sive to cold encode antifreeze proteins in winter cereals 显示文摘 | Yeh S Moffatt B A Griffith M | 2000 | Plant Physiology2000，124，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Lipid productivity as a key characteristic for choosing algal species for biodiesel production显示文摘 | Griffiths M J Harrison S T L | 2009 | J Appl Phyco12009，21，： | 1 |
| 11 | Vaginal birth after two caesarean sections(VBAC-2)-a systematic review with meta-analysis of success rate and adverse outcomes of VBAC-2 versus VBAC-1 and repeat(third)caesarean sections显示文摘 | Tahseen S Griffiths M | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of pulsed electric filed on the inactivation of micro organisms in grape juices with and without antimicrobials 显示文摘 | Wu Y Mittal G S Griffiths M W | 2005 | Biosystems Engineering2005，90，1： | 1 |
| 13 | The evaluation of a fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Salmonella species in food commodities显示文摘 | Chen S Yee A Griffiths M | 1997 | Int J Food Microbiol1997，35，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Community DNA hybridisation and %G+C profiles of microbial communities from heavy metal polluted soils显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS B S DIAZ-RAVINA M RITZ K | 1997 | FEMS Microboiol Ecol1997，24，： | 1 |
| 15 | The potato P locus codes for flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase显示文摘 | Jung C S Griffiths H M De Jong D M | 2005 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics2005，110，： | 1 |
| 16 | Smoking characteristics of pa-tients with oral carcinoma and the risk for second oral prima-ry carcinoma显示文摘 | Silverman S Jr Griffith M | 1972 | J Am Dent Assoc1972，85，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Vaccination with collagen-pulsed dendritic cells prevents the onset and reduces the disease severity in the mouse model of spontaneous polychondritis Clin Exp Immunol 显示文摘 | Sidhu M Griffiths M M Bradley D S | 2009 | 157 (3) : 350-3582009，157，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Vaginal birth after two caesare- an sections (VBAC-2)-a systematic review with meta- analysis of success rate and adverse outcomes of VBAC- 2 versus VBAC-1 and repeat (third) caesarean sections 显示文摘 | Tahseen S Griffiths M | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Preserving and evaluating hearts with ex vivo machine perfusion: an avenue to improve early graft performance and expand the donor pool 显示文摘 | Collins M J Moainie S L Griffith B P et ol | 2008 | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2008，34，2： | 1 |
| 20 | The human tumor associatedepithelial mucins are coded by anexpression hypervariable gene locus 显示文摘 | Swallow D M Gendler S Griffith B | 1987 | Nature1987，328，： | 1 |
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