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| 1 | An overview of animal models for investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in acute hepatic failure显示文摘Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is a severe liver injury accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy which causes multiorgan failure with an extremely high mortality rate, even if intensive care is provided. Management of severe AHF continues to be one of the most challenging problems in clinical medicine. Liver transplantation has been shown to be the most effective therapy, but the procedure is limited by shortage of donor organs. Although a number of clinical trials testing different liver assist devices are under way, these systems alone have no significant effect on patient survival and are only regarded as a useful approach to bridge patients with AHF to liver transplantation. As a result, reproducible experimental animal models resembling the clinical conditions are still needed. The three main approaches used to create an animal model for AHF are: surgical procedures, toxic liver injury and infective procedures. Most common models are based on surgical techniques (total/partial hepatectomy, complete/transient devascularization) or the use of hepatotoxic drugs (acetaminophen, galactosamine, thioacetamide, and others), and very few satisfactory viral models are available. We have recently developed a viral model of AHF by means of the inoculation of rabbits with the virus of rabbit hemorrhagic disease. This model displays biochemical and histological characteristics, and clinical features that resemble those in human AHF. In the present article an overview is given of the most widely used animal models of AHF, and their main advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. | María Jesús Tuón Marcelino Alvarez Jesús M Culebras Javier González-Gallego | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，25： | 29 |
| 2 | Risk factors associated with the development of ischemic colitis显示文摘AIM:To ascertain the role of cardiovascular risk factors,cardiovascular diseases,standard treatments and other diseases in the development of ischemic colitis(IC).METHODS:A retrospective,case-control study was designed,using matched data and covering 161 incident cases of IC who required admission to our hospital from 1998 through 2003.IC was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic findings and diagnostic or compatible his-tology.Controls were randomly chosen from a cohort of patients who were admitted in the same period and required a colonoscopy,excluding those with diagnosis of colitis.Cases were matched with controls(ratio 1:2),by age and sex.A conditional logistic regression was performed.RESULTS:A total of 483 patients(161 cases,322 con-trols)were included;mean age 75.67±10.03 years,55.9%women.The principal indications for colonos-copy in the control group were lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage(35.4%),anemia(33.9%),abdominal pain(19.9%)and diarrhea(9.6%).The endoscopic findings in this group were hemorrhoids(25.5%),diverticular disease(30.4%),polyps(19.9%)and colorectal cancer(10.2%).The following variables were associated with IC in the univariate analysis:arterial hypertension(P= 0.033);dyslipidemia(P<0.001);diabetes mellitus(P =0.025);peripheral arterial disease(P=0.004);heart failure(P=0.026);treatment with hypotensive drugs(P=0.023);angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors;(P=0.018);calcium channel antagonists(P=0.028);and acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)(P<0.001).Finally,the following variables were independently associated with the development of IC:diabetes mellitus[odds ratio(OR)1.76,95%confidence interval(CI):1.001-3.077,P=0.046];dyslipidemia(OR 2.12,95%CI:1.26-3.57,P=0.004);heart failure(OR 3.17,95%CI:1.31-7.68,P=0.01);peripheral arterial disease(OR 4.1,95%CI:1.32-12.72,P=0.015);treatment with digoxin(digitalis)(OR 0.27,95%CI:0.084-0.857,P=0.026);and ASA(OR 1.97,95%CI:1.16-3.36,P=0.012).CONCLUSION:The development of an episode of IC was independently associated with diabetes,dyslipid-emia,presence of heart failure,peripheral arterial dis-ease and treatment with digoxin or ASA. | Joaquín Cubiella Fernández Luisa Núez Calvo Elvira González Vázquez Maria Jesús García García Maria Teresa Alves Pérez Isabel Martínez Silva Javier Fernández Seara | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，36： | 27 |
| 3 | Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignancies leading to high mortality rates in the general population; in cirrhotic patients, it is the primary cause of death. The diagnosis is usually delayed in spite of at-risk population screening recommendations, i.e., patients infected with hepatitis B or C virus. Hepatocarcinogenesis hinges on a great number of genetic and molecular abnormalities that lead to tumor angiogenesis and foster their dissemination potential. The diagnosis is mainly based on imaging studies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, in which lesions present a characteristic classical pattern of early arterial enhancement followed by contrast medium 'washout' in late venous phase. On occasion, when imaging studies are not conclusive, biopsy of the lesion must be performed to establish the diagnosis. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging method is the most frequently used worldwide and recommended by the international guidelines of HCC management. Currently available treatments include tumor resection, liver transplant, sorafenib and locoregional therapies(alcoholization, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization). The prognosis of hepatocarcinoma is determined according to the lesion's stage and in cirrhotic patients, on residual liver function. Curative treatments, such as liver transplant, are sought in patients diagnosed in early stages; patients in more advanced stages, were not greatly benefitted by chemotherapy in terms of survival until the advent of target molecules such as sorafenib. | Javier Tejeda-Maldonado Ignacio García-Juárez Jonathan Aguirre-Valadez Adrián González-Aguirre Mario Vilatobá-Chapa Alejandra Armengol-Alonso Francisco Escobar-Penagos Aldo Torre Juan Francisco Sánchez-ávila Diego Luis Carrillo-Pérez | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 22 |
| 4 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 5 | A review of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis, treatment, and methods to detect eradication显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) affects nearly half of the world's population and, thus, is one of the most frequent and persistent bacterial infections worldwide. H. pylori is associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Various diagnostic methods exist to detect infection, and the choice of one method or another depends on several factors, such as accessibility, advantages and disadvantages of each method, cost, and the age of patients. Once H. pylori infection is diagnosed, the clinician decides whether treatment is necessity, according to the patient's clinical condition. Typically, eradication of H. pylori is recommended for treatment and prevention of the infection. Cure rates with the standard triple therapy are acceptable, and effective quadruple therapies, sequential therapies, and concomitant therapies have been introduced as key alternatives to treat H. pylori infection. In this work, we review the main diagnostic methods used to identify H. pylori infection and to confirm eradication of infection. In addition, key factors related to treatment are reviewed. | Elvira Garza-González Guillermo Ignacio Perez-Perez Héctor Jesús Maldonado-Garza Francisco Javier Bosques-Padilla | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，6： | 17 |
| 6 | Tenofovir vs lamivudine plus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B:TENOSIMP-B study显示文摘AIM To demonstrate the non-inferiority(15% non-inferiority limit) of monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) vs the combination of lamivudine(LAM) plus adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) in the maintenance of virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and prior failure with LAM.METHODS This study was a Phase IV prospective, randomized, open, controlled study with 2 parallel groups(TDF and LAM+ADV) of adult patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-negative CHB, prior failure with LAM, on treatment with LAM+ADV for at least 6 mo, without prior resistance to ADV and with an undetectable viral load at the start of the study, in 14 Spanish hospitals. The follow-up time for each patient was 48 wk after randomization, with quarterly visits in which the viral load, biochemical and serological parameters, adverse effects, adherence to treatment and consumption of hospital resources were analysed.RESULTS Forty-six patients were evaluated [median age: 55.4 years(30.2-75.2); 84.8% male], including 22 patients with TDF and 24 with LAM+ADV. During study development, hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV-DNA) remained undetectable, all patients remained HBe Ag negative, and hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) positive. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) values at the end of the study were similar in the 2 groups(25.1± 7.65, TDF vs 24.22 ± 8.38, LAM+ADV, P = 0.646). No significant changes were observed in creatinine or serum phosphorus values in either group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were noted in the identification of adverse effects(AEs)(53.8%, TDF vs 37.5%, LAM+ADV, P = 0.170), and none of the AEs which occurred were serious. Treatment adherence was 95.5% and 83.3% in the TDF and the LAM+ADV groups, respectively(P = 0.488). The costs associated with hospital resource consumption were significantly lower with the TDF treatment than the LAM+ADV treatment(€4943 ± 1059 vs €5811 ± 1538, respectively, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION TDF monotherapy proved to be safe and not inferior to the LAM+ADV combination therapy in maintaining virologic response in patients with CHB and previous LAM failure. In addition, the use of TDF generated a significant savings in hospital costs. | Manuel Rodríguez Juan Manuel Pascasio Enrique Fraga Javier Fuentes Martín Prieto Gloria Sánchez-Antolín Jose Luis Calleja Esther Molina María Luisa García-Buey María Angeles Blanco Javier Salmerón María Lucía Bonet Jose Antonio Pons Jose Manuel González Miguel Angel Casado Francisco Jorquera 无 | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，41： | 16 |
| 7 | 在诊断 choledochal 包囊的磁性的回声 cholangiopancreatography 的角色: 盒子系列和评论显示文摘 AIM:To determine the merits of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) as the primary diagnostic test for choledochal cysts(CC’s).METHODS:Between 2009 and 2012,patients who underwent MRCP for perioperative diagnosis were identified.Demographic information,clinical characteristics,and radiographic findings were recorded.MRCP results were compared with intraoperative findings.A PubMed search identified studies published between 1996-2012,employing MRCP as the primary preoperative imaging and comparing results with either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) or operative findings.Detection rates for CC’s and abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction(APBJ) were calculated.In addition detection rates for clinically related biliary pathology like choledocholithiasis and cholangiocarcinomas in patients diagnosed with CC’s were also evaluated.RESULTS:Eight patients were identified with CC’s.Six patients out of them had typeⅣCC’s,1 had type I and 1 had a new variant of choledochal cyst with confluent dilatation of the common bile duct(CBD) and cystic duct.Seven patients had an APBJ and 3 of those had a long common-channel.Gallstones were found in 2 patients,1 had a CBD stone,and 1 pancreatic-duct stone was also detected.In all cases,MRCP successfully identified the type of CC’s,as well as APBJ with ductal stones.From analyzing the literature,we found that MRCP has 96%-100% detection rate for CC’s.Additionally,we found that the range for sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy was 53%-100%,90%-100% and 56%-100% in diagnosing APBJ.MRCP’s detection rate was 100% for choledocholithiasis and 87% for cholangiocarcinomas with concurrent CC’s.CONCLUSION:After initial ultrasound and computed tomography scan,MRCP should be the next diagnostic test in both adult and pediatric patients.ERCP should be reserved for patients where therapeutic intervention is needed. | Vikas Y Sacher James S Davis Danny Sleeman Javier Casillas | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，8： | 15 |
| 8 | Subclinical abnormal glucose tolerance is a predictor of death in liver cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To determine if subclinical abnormal glucose tolerance(SAGT)has influence on survival of non-diabetic patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS:In total,100 patients with compensatedliver cirrhosis and normal fasting plasma glucose were included.Fasting plasma insulin(FPI)levels were measured,and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)was performed.According to OGTT results two groups of patients were formed:those with normal glucose tolerance(NGT)and those with SAGT.Patients were followed every three months.The mean follow-up was932 d(range of 180-1925).Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meyer method,and predictive factors of death were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.RESULTS:Of the included patients,30 showed NGT and70 SAGT.Groups were significantly different only in age,INR,FPI and HOMA2-IR.Patients with SAGT showed lower 5-year cumulated survival than NGT patients(31.7%vs 71.6%,P=0.02).Differences in survival were significant only after 3 years of follow-up.SAGT,Child-Pugh B,and high Child-Pugh and Model for EndStage Liver Disease(MELD)scores were independent predictors of death.The causes of death in 90.3%of cases were due to complications related to liver disease.CONCLUSION:SAGT was associated with lower survival.SAGT,Child-Pugh B,and high Child-Pugh and MELD scores were independent negative predictors of survival. | Diego García-Compeán Joel Omar Jáquez-Quintana Fernando Javier Lavalle-González José Alberto González-González Linda Elsa Mu?oz-Espinosa Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-PérezEndocrinology Service and Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital 'Dr. José E. González' and Medical School Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey 64320 México Héctor J Maldonado-Garza | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 12 |
| 9 | Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests显示文摘AIM: To assess whether non invasive blood flow measurement by arterial spin labeling in several brain regions detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS: Blood flow(BF) was analyzed by arterial spin labeling(ASL) in different brain areas of 14 controls, 24 cirrhotic patients without and 16 cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE). Images were collected using a 3 Tesla MR scanner(Achieva 3T-TX, Philips, Netherlands). Pulsed ASL was performed. Patients showing MHE were detected using the battery Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score(PHES) consisting of five tests. Different cognitive and motor functions were also assessed: alterations in selective attention were evaluated using the Stroop test. Patients and controls also performed visuo-motor and bimanual coordination tests. Several biochemical parameters were measured: serum pro-inflammatory interleukins(IL-6 and IL-18), 3-nitrotyrosine, cGMP and nitrates+nitrites in plasma, and blood ammonia. Bivariate correlations were evaluated.RESULTS: In patients with MHE, BF was increased in cerebellar hemisphere(P = 0.03) and vermis(P = 0.012) and reduced in occipital lobe(P = 0.017). BF in cerebellar hemisphere was also increased in patients without MHE(P = 0.02). Bimanual coordination was impaired in patients without MHE(P = 0.05) and much more in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Visuo-motor coordination was impaired only in patients with MHE(P < 0.0001). Attention was slightly affected in patients without MHE and more strongly in patients with MHE(P< 0.0001). BF in cerebellar hemisphere and vermis correlated with performance in most tests of PHES [(number connection tests A(NCT-A), B(NCT-B)and line tracing test] and in the congruent task of Stroop test. BF in frontal lobe correlated with NCT-A. Performance in bimanual and visuomotor coordination tests correlated only with BF in cerebellar hemisphere. BF in occipital lobe correlates with performance in the PHES battery and with CFF. BF in cerebellar hemisphere correlates with plasma cGMP and nitric oxide(NO) metabolites. BF in vermis cerebellar also correlates with NO metabolites and with 3-nitrotyrosine. IL-18 in plasma correlates with BF in thalamus and occipital lobe.CONCLUSION: Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum. | Vicente Felipo Amparo Urios Carla Giménez-Garzó Omar Cauli Maria-Jesús Andrés-Costa Olga González Miguel A Serra Javier Sánchez-González Roberto Aliaga Remedios Giner-Durán Vicente Belloch Carmina Montoliu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 12 |
| 10 | Hepatogenous diabetes: Is it a neglected condition in chronic liver disease?显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) that occurs because of chronic liver disease(CLD) is known as hepatogenous diabetes(HD). Although the association of diabetes and liver cirrhosis was described forty years ago, it was scarcely studied for long time. Patients suffering from this condition have low frequency of risk factors of type 2 DM. Its incidence is higher in CLD of viral, alcoholic and cryptogenic etiology. Its pathophysiology relates to liver damage, pancreatic dysfunction, interactions between hepatitis C virus(HCV) and glucose metabolism mechanisms and genetic susceptibility. It associates with increased rate of liver complications and hepatocellular carcinoma, and decreased 5-year survival rate. It reduces sustained virological response in HCV infected patients. In spite of these evidences, the American Diabetes Association does not recognize HD. In addition, the impact of glucose control on clinical outcomes of patients has not been evaluated. Treatment of diabetes may be difficult due to liver insufficiency and hepatotoxicity of antidiabetic drugs. Notwithstanding, no therapeutic guidelines have been implemented up to date. In this editorial, authors discuss the reasons why they think that HD may be a neglected pathological condition and call attention to the necessity for more clinical research on different fields of this disease. | Diego García-Compeán José Alberto González-González Fernando Javier Lavalle-González Emmanuel Irineo González-Moreno Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez Héctor Jesús Maldonado-Garza | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，10： | 12 |
| 11 | Colorectal peritoneal metastases:Optimal management review显示文摘The peritoneum is a common site of dissemination for colorrectal cancer, with a poorer prognosis than other sites of metastases. In the last two decades, it has been considered as a locoregional disease progression and treated as such with curative intention treatments. Cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) is the actual reference treatment for these patients as better survival results have been reached as compared to systemic chemotherapy alone, but its therapeutic efficacy is still under debate. Actual guidelines recommend that the management of colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases should be led by a multidisciplinary team carried out in experienced centers and consider CRS + HIPEC for selected patients. Accumulative evidence in the last three years suggests that this is a curative treatment that may improve patients disease-free survival, decrease the risk of recurrence, and does not increase the risk of treatment-related mortality. In this review we aim to gather the latest results from referral centers and opinions from experts about the effectiveness and feasibility of CRS + HIPEC for treating peritoneal disease from colorectal malignancies. | Juan Manuel Sánchez-Hidalgo Lidia Rodríguez-Ortiz Alvaro Arjona-Sánchez Sebastián Rufián-Pena Angela Casado-Adam Antonio Cosano-Alvarez Javier Briceno-Delgado | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，27： | 11 |
| 12 | Peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin treated by cytoreduction and HIPEC: An overview显示文摘Colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis was considered a terminal condition with a merely palliative treatment that included only supportive care, palliative surgery and the best systemic chemotherapy. Since the birth of a new approach, cytoreductive surgery with peritonectomy procedures together with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and/or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis, many research groups contributed with promising results using this procedure being up to date this strategy the only one that has shown curative benefits on colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis achieving reported overall survival rates up to 64 mo and fiveyear survival rates up to 51%. The aim of this paper is to expose an updated overview of the therapeutic possibilities of these procedures in colorectal peritoneal metastases in the same way that our Unit of Oncologic Surgery has performed since 1997 with more than four hundred procedures. | Alvaro Arjona-Sánchez Francisco Javier Medina-Fernández Francisco Cristobal Mu?oz-Casares Angela Casado-Adam Juan Manuel Sánchez-Hidalgo Sebastián Rufián-Pe?a | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，10： | 7 |
| 13 | New approaches in angiogenic targeting for colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. In the last decade, the addition of irinotecan and oxaliplatin to standard fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens have set the new benchmark of survival for patients with metastatic CRC at approximately 20 mo. Despite these advances in the management of CRC, there is a strong medical need for more effective and well-tolerated therapies. The dependence of tumor growth and metastasis on blood vessels makes angiogenesis a rational target for therapy. One of the major pathways involved in this process is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR). In 2004, the first agent targeting angiogenesis, bevacizumab (BV), was approved as an adjunct to first-line cytotoxic treatment of metastatic CRC. The role of BV as part of adjuvant treatment and in combination with other targeted therapies is the subject of ongoing trials. However, BV is associated with an increase in the risk of arterial thromboembolic events, hypertension and gastrointestinal perforations and its use must be cautious. Novel VEGFR TK inhibitors with different ranges of nanomolar potencies, selectivities, and pharmacokinetic properties are entering phase Ⅲ trials for the treatment of cancer. Conversely, one of these novel agents, vatalanib, has been shown not to confer survival benefit in first and second-line treatment of advanced CRC. The basis of these findings is being extensively evaluated. Ongoing and new well-designed trials will define the optimal clinical application of the actual antiangiogenic agents, and, on the other hand, intensive efforts in basic research will identify new agents with different antiangiogenic approaches for the treatment of CRC. In this review we discuss and highlight current and future approaches in angiogenic targeting for CRC. | Aleix Prat Esther Casado Javier Cortés | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，44： | 6 |
| 14 | Reduced Exposure to Calcineurin Inhibitors Early After Liver Transplantation Prevents Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez Emmanuel Tsochatzis María Carmen Naveas Giulia Pieri Carmen García-Caparrós James O’Beirne Antonio Poyato-González Gustavo Ferrín-Sánchez Jose Luis Montero-álvarez David Patch Douglas Thorburn Javier Brice?o Manuel De la Mata A | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，： | 5 |
| 15 | Ketamine anesthesia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on the motility alterations and tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Ischemia was induced by ob-structing blood flow in 25% of the total small intesti-nal length (ileum) with a vascular clamp for 45 min, after which either 60 min or 24 h of reperfusion was allowed. Rats were either anesthetized with pento-barbital sodium (50 mg/kg) or ketamine (100 mg/kg). Control groups received sham surgery. After 60 min of reperfusion, the intestine was examined for mor-phological alterations, and after 24 h intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency was calculated, and intestinal transit determined in all groups. RESULTS: The intestinal mucosa in rats that were anesthetized with ketamine showed moderate altera-tions such as epithelial lifting, while ulceration and hemorrhage was observed in rats that received pento-barbital sodium after 60 min of reperfusion. Quantita-tive analysis of structural damage using the Chiu scaleshowed significantly less injury in rats that received ketamine than in rats that did not (2.35 ± 1.14 vs 4.58 ± 0.50, P < 0.0001). The distance traveled by a mark-er, expressed as percentage of total intestinal length, in rats that received pentobarbital sodium was 20% ± 2% in comparison with 25.9% ± 1.64% in rats that re-ceived ketamine (P = 0.017). BER was not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that ketamine anesthesia is associated with diminished intestinal injury and abolishes the intestinal transit delay induced by ischemia/reperfusion. | Carlos Rodrigo Cámara Francisco Javier Guzmán Ernesto Alexis Barrera Andrés Jesús Cabello Armando Garcia Nancy Esthela Fernández Eloy Caballero Jesus Ancer | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，33： | 5 |
| 16 | Laparoscopic approach in gastrointestinal emergencies显示文摘This review focuses on the laparoscopic approach to gastrointestinal emergencies and its more recent indications. Laparoscopic surgery has a specific place in elective procedures, but that does not apply in emergency situations. In specific emergencies, there is a huge range of indications and different techniques to apply, and not all of them are equally settle. We consider that the most controversial points in minimally invasive procedures are indications in emergency situations due to technical difficulties. Some pathologies, such as oesophageal emergencies, obstruction due to colon cancer, abdominal hernias or incarcerated postsurgical hernias, are nearly always resolved by conventional surgery, that is, an open approach due to limited intraabdominal cavity space or due to the vulnerability of the bowel. These technical problems have been solved in many diseases, such as for perforated peptic ulcer or acute appendectomy for which a laparoscopic approach has become a wellknown and globally supported procedure. On the other hand, endoscopic procedures have acquired further indications, relegating surgical solutions to a second place; this happens in cholangitis or pancreatic abscess drainage. This endoluminal approach avoids the need for laparoscopic development in these diseases. Nevertheless, new instruments and new technologies could extend the laparoscopic approach to a broader array of potentials procedures. There remains, however, a long way to go. | Rosa M Jimenez Rodriguez Juan José Segura-Sampedro Mercedes Flores-Cortés Francisco López-Bernal Cristobalina Martín Verónica Pino Diaz Felipe Pareja Ciuro Javier Padillo Ruiz | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，9： | 5 |
| 17 | Risk factors for resistance to ceftriaxone and its impact on mortality in community, healthcare and nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘 | Xavier Ariza José Castellote Jaime Lora-Tamayo Anna Girbau Sílvia Salord Rosa Rota Javier Ariza Xavier Xiol | 2011 | Journal of Hepatology2011，，4： | 5 |
| 18 | In vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the 3' region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori isolates显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island(cag PAI).METHODS:One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)cultured from gastric biopsies from 206 Colombian patients with dyspeptic symptoms from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were included as study material.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method.Resistant isolates at baseline and in amoxicillin and clarithromycin serial dilutions were subjected to genotyping(cagA,vacA alleles s and m),Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala(EPIYA)polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Images of the RAPD amplicons were analyzed by Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.5program.Cluster analyses was done using SPSS 15.0statistical package,where each of the fingerprint bands were denoted as variables.Dendrograms were designed by following Ward’s clustering method and the estimation of distances between each pair of H.pylori isolates was calculated with the squared Euclidean distance.RESULTS:Resistance rates were 4%for amoxicillin and 2.7%for clarithromycin with 2%double resistances.Genotyping evidenced a high prevalence of the genotype cagA-positive/vacA s1m1.The 3’region of cagA gene was successfully amplified in 92.3%(12/13)of the baseline resistant isolates and in 60%(36/60)of the resistant isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.Upon observing the distribution of the number of EPIYA repetitions in each dilution with respect to baseline isolates,it was found that in 61.5%(8/13)of the baseline isolates,a change in the number of EPIYA repetitions lowered antibiotic pressure.The gain and loss of EPIYA motifs resulted in a diversity of H.pylori subclones after bacterial adjustment to changing conditions product of antibiotic pressure.RAPD PCR evidenced the close clonal relationship between baseline isolates and isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.CONCLUSION:Antibiotic pressure does not induce loss of the cag pathogenicity island,but it can leadin most cases-to genetic rearrangements within the3’region cagA of the founding bacteria that can affect the level of tyrosine phosphorylation impacting on its cellular effects and lead to divergence of cagA-positive subclones. | Javier Andrés Bustamante-Rengifo Andrés Januer Matta Alvaro Pazos Luis Eduardo Bravo | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，36： | 5 |
| 19 | Potential of soluble CD26 as a serum marker for colorectal cancer detection显示文摘Colorectal cancer is characterized by a low survival rate even though the basis for colon cancer development,which involves the evolution of adenomas to carcinoma,is known.Moreover,the mortality rates continue to rise in economically transitioning countries although there is the opportunity to intervene in the natural history of the adenoma–cancer sequence through risk factors,screening,and treatment.Screening in particular accounted for most of the decline in colorectal cancer mortality achieved in the USA during the period 1975-2000.Patients show a better prognosis when the neoplasm is diagnosed early.Among the variety of screening strategies,the methods range from invasive and costly procedures such as colonoscopy to more low-cost and non-invasive tests such as the fecal occult blood test(guaiac and immunochemical).As a non-invasive biological serum marker would be of great benefit because of the performance of the test,several biomarkers,including cytologic assays,DNA and mRNA,and soluble proteins,have been studied.We found that the soluble CD26(sCD26)concentration is diminished in serum of colorectal cancer patients compared to healthy donors,suggesting the potential utility of a sCD26 immunochemical detection test for early diagnosis.sCD26 originates from plasma membrane CD26 lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.Some 90%–95%of sCD26 has been associated with serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPPIV)activity.DPP-IV,assigned to the CD26 cluster,is a pleiotropic enzyme expressed mainly on epithelial cells and lymphocytes.Our studies intended to validate this test for population screening to detect colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas are reviewed here. | Oscar J Cordero Monica Imbernon Loretta De Chiara Vicenta S Martinez-Zorzano Daniel Ayude Maria Paez de la Cadena F Javier Rodriguez-Berrocal | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，6： | 5 |
| 20 | Determinants of percutaneous coronary intervention success in repeat chronic total occlusion procedures following an initial failed attempt显示文摘AIM To investigate the rates and determinants of success of repeat percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) following an initial failed attempt at recanalising the chronic total occlusions(CTO) percutaneously.METHODS In 445 consecutive first attempt CTO-PCI procedures in our institution,procedural failure occurred in 149(33.5%). Sixty-four re-PCI procedures were performed in 58 patients(39%) all had a single CTO. Procedural and outcome data in the re-PCI population was entered into the institutional database. A retrospective analysis of clinical,angiographic and procedural data was performed. RESULTS Procedural success was achieved in 41(64%) procedures. Univariate analysis of clinical and angiographic characteristics showed that re-PCI success was associated with intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) guidance(19.5% vs 0%,P = 0.042),while failure was associated with severecalcification(30.4% vs 9.7%,P = 0.047) and a JCTO score > 3(56.5% vs 17.1% P = 0.003). Following multiple regression analysis the degree of lesion complexity(J-CTO score > 3),IVUS use,involvement of an experienced CTO operator and LAD CTO location were significant predictors of successful re-PCI. Overall the complication rate was low,with the only MACCE two periprocedural MI's neither of which required intervention. CONCLUSION Re-PCI substantially increases the overall success rate of CTO revascularization. Predictors of re-PCI success included the use of IVUS,the involvement of an experienced CTO operator in the repeat attempt and the location of the CTO. | Cecilia Cuevas Nicola Ryan Alicia Quirós Juan Gustavo Del Angel Nieves Gonzalo Pablo Salinas Pilar Jiménez-Quevedo Luis Nombela-Franco Ivan Nunez-Gil Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz Carlos Macaya Javier Escaned | 2017 | World Journal of Cardiology2017，9，4： | 5 |
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