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| 1 | A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)显示文摘The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS- associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to beinvolved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the Mprotein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides noevidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of otherpossible SARS-related pathogen(s). | QIN E'de ZHU Qingyu YU Man FAN Baochang CHANG Guohui SI Bingyin YANG Bao PENG Wenming JIANG Tao LIU Bohua DENG Yongqiang LIU Hong ZHANG Yu WANG Cui LI Yuquan GAN Yonghua LI Xiaoyu L Fushuang TAN Gang CAO Wuchun, YANG Ruifu Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China WANG Jian, LI Wei, XU Zuyuan, LI Yan, WU Qingfa, LIN Wei, CHEN Weijun, TANG Lin, DENG Yajun, HAN Yujun, LI Changfeng, LEI Meng, LI Guoqing, LI Wenjie, L Hong, SHI Jianping, TONG Zongzhong, ZHANG Feng, LI Songgang, LIU Bin, LIU Siqi, DONG Wei, WANG Jun, Gane K-S Wong, YU Jun & YANG Huanming* Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300 National Center for Genome Information, Beijing 101300, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，10： | 121 |
| 2 | 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in circulating cell-free DNA as diagnostic biomarkers for human cancers显示文摘象 5-methylcytosine (5mC ) 和 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC ) 那样的 DNA 修正是知道在哺乳动物影响全球基因表示的 epigenetic 标记。在人的染色体,与基因表示的靠近的关联和高化学的稳定性给他们的流行,这些 DNA epigenetic 标记能为癌症用作理想的 biomarkers 诊断。利用一种高度敏感、选择的化学标记技术,我们这里报导在传播没有房间的 DNA ( cfDNA )并且在从最近与 colorectal 诊断的 260 个病人的一个队收集的配对的肿瘤和邻近的纸巾的 genomic DNA ( gDNA )的 5hmC 的染色体宽的介绍,胃,胰腺,从 90 个健康个人的肝或甲状腺癌症和正常纸巾。5hmC 主要在与开的染色质和容许的 histone 修正重合的 transcriptionally 活跃的区域被散布。柔韧的联系癌症的 5hmC 签名在 cfDNA 被识别为特定的癌症类型是特征的。传播 cfDNA 的 5hmC 底 biomarkers colorectal 和胃的癌症是高度预兆的并且比常规 biomarkers 优异并且比得上从织物活体检视的 5hmC biomarkers。因此,这新策略能从血样品的分析为癌症的诊断和预后导致有效、最低限度地侵略的方法的发展。 | Wenshuai Li Xu Zhang Xingyu Lu Lei You Yanqun Song Zhongguang Luo Jun Zhang Ji Nie Wanwei Zheng Diannan Xu Yaping Wang Yuanqiang Dong Shulin Yu Jun Hong Jianping Shi Hankun Hao Fen Luo Luchun Hua Peng Wang Xiaoping Qian Fang Yuan Lianhuan Wei Ming Cui Taiping Zhang Quan Liao Menghua Dai Ziwen Liu Ge Chen Katherine Meckel Sarbani Adhikari Guifang Jia Marc B Bissonnette Xinxiang Zhang Yupei Zhao Wei Zhang Chuan He Jie Liu | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，10： | 30 |
| 3 | The global oxygen budget and its future projection显示文摘Atmospheric oxygen (O_2 ) is the most crucial element on earth for the aerobic organisms that depend on it to release energy from carbon-based macromolecules. This is the first study to systematically analyze the global O_2 budget and its changes over the past 100 years. It is found that anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion is the largest contributor to the current O_2 deficit, which consumed 2.0 Gt/a in 1900 and has increased to 38.2 Gt/a by 2015. Under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) RCP8.5 scenario, approximately 100Gt (gigatonnes) of O_2 would be removed from the atmosphere per year until 2100,and the O_2 concentration will decrease from its current level of 20.946%to 20.825%. Human activities have caused irreversible decline of atmospheric O_2 . It is time to take actions to promote O_2 production and reduce O_2 consumption. | Jianping Huang Jiping Huang Xiaoyue Liu Changyu Li Lei Ding Haipeng Yu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，18： | 14 |
| 4 | Necking of Q&P Steel during Uniaxial Tensile Test with the Aid of DIC Technique显示文摘A lot of research has been focused on the necking process during the plastic deformation of sheet metals, but the localized necking is rarely distinguished form diffused necking by experiments, due to the limit of measurement equipment and method. Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steel is a 3rd generation advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Its good combination of high strength and ductility ensures potential application in automobile industry. Uniaxial tensile tests of QP980 steel sheet at five strain rates are performed to investigate the necking process and the effect of strain rate on necking behavior of Q&P steel. Digital image correlation (DIC) method is applied during tensile tests, and evolutions of major strain, minor strain and normal strain distributions along gauge section of the tensile specimens are obtained. The diffused and localized necking strains are determined according to SWIFT necking theory and HILL necking theory respectively. The test results indicate that with the increasing of strain rate in the investigated range, the diffused necking strain decreases from 0.152 to 0.120 and localized necking strain decreases from 0.245 to 0.137. Meanwhile, the difference of the two strains decreases form 0.096 to 0.017. Thus it can be concluded that strain rate has an influence on both necking strains during the deformation of QP980 steel sheet. Diffused and localized necking strains are determined by uniaxial tensile tests with the aid of DIC technique and the effect of strain rate on necking strains is evaluated. | DING Lei LIN Jianping MIN Junying PANG Zheng YE You | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，3： | 11 |
| 5 | The Electric Field Detector (EFD) onboard the ZH-1 satellite and firstobservational results显示文摘Previous studies have reported that, before or after occurrences of strong earthquakes, some low earth orbit satellites recorded ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions and plasma fluctuations over the epicenter region or its conjugate point.Theoretically speaking, due to some electromagnetic coupling effect, electromagnetic emissions from the earthquake preparation zone could propagate from the lithosphere to the atmosphere, and could reach the ionosphere, even up to the inner magnetosphere. This paper introduces the electric field detector(EFD) onboard the ZhangHeng-1 satellite(ZH-1). The EFD is designed to measure electric field fluctuations within the broad frequency range of DC to 3.5 MHz, divided into 4 channels: ULF(DC–16 Hz), ELF(6 Hz–2.2 kHz), VLF(1.8 kHz–20 kHz) and HF(18 kHz–3.5 MHz). The sampling rates of the channels are 125 Hz, 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 10 MHz, respectively. The EFD includes4 spherical probes mounted on a over 4.5 m boom and an electronic box inside the satellite module. The resolution of the EFD is 1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from DC to 16 Hz, and the sensitivity is 0.1 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from 6 Hz to 2.2 kHz, 0.05 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 in the band 1.8 kHz to 20 kHz, and 0.1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The dynamic range from DC to 20 kHz is over 120 dB, and over96 dB from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The EFD has two observation modes: survey mode and burst mode. The survey mode concentrates primarily on electric field power density values; the burst mode provides high sampling rate waveform data. The detailed configuration of the EFD onboard the ZH-1 is also introduced in this paper. During the six months' orbit test phase, the EFD recorded a number of natural electromagnetic emissions. Preliminary analysis of these data suggests that the EFD performs well onboard the ZH-1 and is meeting the requirements of the scientific objectives of ZH-1. | JianPing Huang JunGang Lei ShiXun Li ZhiMa Zeren Cheng Li XingHong Zhu WeiHao Yu | 2018 | Earth and Planetary Physics2018，2，6： | 8 |
| 6 | Deep-learning-powered photonic analogto-digital conversion显示文摘Analog-to-digital converters(ADCs)must be high speed,broadband,and accurate for the development of modern information systems,such as radar,imaging,and communications systems;photonic technologies are regarded as promising technologies for realizing these advanced requirements.Here,we present a deep-learning-powered photonic ADC architecture that simultaneously exploits the advantages of electronics and photonics and overcomes the bottlenecks of the two technologies,thereby overcoming the ADC tradeoff among speed,bandwidth,and accuracy.Via supervised training,the adopted deep neural networks learn the patterns of photonic system defects and recover the distorted data,thereby maintaining the high quality of the electronic quantized data succinctly and adaptively.The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture outperforms state-ofthe-art ADCs with developable high throughput;hence,deep learning performs well in photonic ADC systems.We anticipate that the proposed architecture will inspire future high-performance photonic ADC design and provide opportunities for substantial performance enhancement for the next-generation information systems. | Shaofu Xu Xiuting Zou Bowen Ma Jianping Chen Lei Yu Weiwen Zou | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Experimental study of rotating gliding arc discharge plasma-assisted combustion in an aero-engine combustion chamber显示文摘The combustion chamber is the core component of an aero-engine, and affects its reliability and security operation, even the performance of the aircraft. In this work, a Plasma-Assisted Combustion(PAC) test platform was developed to validate the feasibility of using PAC actuators to enhance annular combustor performance. Two plans of PAC(rotating gliding arc discharge plasma) were designed, Assisted Combustion from Primary Holes(ACPH) and Assisted Combustion from Dilution Holes(ACDH). Comparative experiments and analysis between conventional combustion and PAC were conducted to study the effects of ACPH and ACDH on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency, pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients(0.8, 1, 2, and 4), and lean blowout performance at different inlet airflow velocities. Experimental results show that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with that in normal conditions, and the combustion efficiency of ACPH increases2.45%, 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.47%, while it increases 2.75%, 1.67%, 1.36%, and 0.36% under ACDH conditions. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field and the lean blowout performance are improved after PAC. Especially for ACPH, the widening of the lean blowout limit is8.3%, 12.4%, 12.8%, and 25% respectively when the inlet velocity ranges from 60 m/s to120 m/s. These results offer new perspectives for using PAC devices to enhance aero-engine combustors' performances. | Liming HE Yi CHEN Jun DENG Jianping LEI Li FEI Pengfei LIU | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2019，32，2： | 8 |
| 8 | Estimation of Gridded Atmospheric Oxygen Consumption from 1975 to 2018显示文摘Atmospheric Oxygen(O2)is one of the dominating features that allow the earth to be a habitable planet with advanced civilization and diverse biology.However,since the late 1980 s,observational data have indicated a steady decline in O2 content on the scale of parts-per-million level.The current scientific consensus is that the decline is caused by the fossil-fuel combustion;however,few works have been done to quantitatively evaluate the response of O2 cycle under the anthropogenic impact,at both the global and regional scales.This paper manages to quantify the land O2 flux and makes the initial step to quantificationally describe the anthropogenic impacts on the global O2 budget.Our estimation reveals that the global O2 consumption has experienced an increase from 33.69±1.11 to47.63±0.80 Gt(gigaton,109 t)O2yr^-1 between 2000 and 2018,while the land production of O2(totaling 11.34±13.48 Gt O2yr^-1 averaged over the same period)increased only slightly.In 2018,the combustion of fossil-fuel and industrial activities(38.45±0.61 Gt O2yr^-1)contributed the most to consumption,followed by wildfires(4.97±0.48 Gt O2yr^-1)as well as livestock and human respiration processes(2.48±0.16 and 1.73±0.13 Gt O2yr^-1,respectively).Burning of fossil-fuel that causes large O2 fluxes occurs in East Asia,India,North America,and Europe,while wildfires that cause large fluxes in comparable magnitude are mainly distributed in central Africa. | Xiaoyue LIU Jianping HUANG Jiping HUANG Changyu LI Lei DING Wenjun MENG | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，3： | 8 |
| 9 | Mechanism of catalytic hydropyrolysis of sedimentary organic matter with MoS_2显示文摘MoS2 was used as an efficient catalyst for hydropyrolysis(Hypy) of three samples of sedimentary organic matter with different maturities.Through comparison with Soxhlet extraction(SE),it was found that MoS2 catalytic Hypy can remarkably promote the yields of total chloroform extracts,saturates,aromatics,hopanes and steranes.In addition,the difference of biomarker parameters indicated that isomerization of covalently-bound biomarkers is much more difficult than their free counterparts.Meanwhile,the high conversion of total organic carbon(TOC) in MoS2 catalytic Hypy of organic matter proved that the presence of dispersed molybdenum sulfide accelerated the breaking of C-C bonds and the release of hydrocarbons.To address the catalytic mechanism,a series of control experiments based on free Hypy and catalytic Hypy were conducted.The results showed that the calculated atomic ratio of carbon conversion/hydrogen conversion for catalytic Hypy was much larger than the presumed value of 1/2,indicating that intensive hydrogenation took place and significantly influenced the distribution of liquid products.Analysis of stable hydrogen isotope data,infrared spectra and m/z 83 ion chromatograph of the saturate fraction further confirmed this hypothesis.The difference of S content changing(ΔS) between catalyst-free Hypy and catalytic Hypy,and the thermal characteristics of the catalyst,indicated that active H2S was def initely generated and it probably initiated free radical reactions in the early stage of hydropyrolysis of organic matter. | He Kun Zhang Shuichang Mi Jingkui Chen Jianping Cheng Lei | 2011 | Petroleum Science2011，8，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Carbon dioxide exchange processes over the grassland ecosystems in semiarid areas of China显示文摘Based on the carbon fluxes measured over the grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia(UG79 site),Loess Plateau(SACOL site),and Tongyu,Jilin Province(TY site) in the semiarid areas from 2007 to 2008 with the eddy covariance method,we have investigated the carbon exchange processes over semiarid grassland ecosystem and its main affecting environmental variables.The precipitations at UG79 and TY sites in 2007 were below the historical average,especially for TY site,which was 50% below the historical average annual precipitation.The precipitation in SACOL site was close to average in 2007 but below average in 2008.The variation of monthly diurnal average NEE showed that the diurnal mean NEE decreased in the order of TY site,UG79 site,and SACOL site.However,a longer net carbon uptake period was observed at SACOL site.The diurnal course of NEE at UG79 site was similar between 2007 and 2008.The diurnal average NEE remained large during July and August in growing season(May to September) at UG79 site,with maximum values approaching 0.08 mg C m-2 s-1 in August of 2008.The diurnal average NEE of 2007 was larger than 2008 at SACOL site,with maximum values of 0.07 mg C m-2 s-1 in September of 2007.A shorter carbon uptake period was recorded in 2007 at TY site,lasting from July to August.A larger diurnal average NEE occurred in 2008 at TY site,with maximum values of 0.12 mg C m-2 s-1.The ecosystem respirations of three sites were controlled by both soil temperature and soil volumetric water content(at a depth of 5 cm below the land surface).Both UG79 site and SACOL site acted as a carbon sink during the growing periods of 2007 and 2008.Annual NEE in the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 ranged from-68 to-50 g C m-2 at UG79 site and from-109 to-55 g C m-2 at SACOL site.Alternation between carbon source and carbon sink was found at TY site,with respective values of annual NEE in the growing seasons of 0.32 g C m-2 and-73 g C m-2 in 2007 and 2008.The magnitude and duration of carbon uptake depended mainly on the amount and timing of precipitation and the timing of the first effective rainfall during the growing season in semiarid grassland ecosystems. | DU Qun LIU HuiZhi WANG Lei HUANG JianPing ZHANG Wu Christian BERNHOFER | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，4： | 6 |
| 11 | 新辅助放化疗加直肠癌切除术后外科切缘的放射性损伤:吻合口漏的预判线索显示文摘背景:对于直肠癌切除术后吻合口状态及其对吻合口漏的影响,目前鲜有研究报道。本研究旨在分析新辅助放化疗+直肠前切除术后外科切缘可能受到的放射性损伤,以及其与吻合口漏发生的关系。方法:回顾性纳入2014-2015年间连续收治的161例直肠前切除手术患者,包括行新辅助放化疗、单纯新辅助化疗或未行术前新辅助治疗者。采用一种专门的组织病理学评分和黏膜下层微血管密度,来对手术切缘标本进行评估。采用倾向评分匹配方法来平衡基线资料。分析吻合口漏与组织病理学特征的相关性。结果:54例新辅助放化疗患者中13例术后发生吻合口漏,48例新辅助化疗患者中5例术后发生吻合口漏,而59例未行新辅助治疗的患者中有7例出现术后吻合口漏。倾向评分匹配后,新辅助放化疗、新辅助化疗和未行新辅助治疗三组患者近切缘组织病理评分中位数(范围)分别为3(0-8)、0(0-3)和0(0-2)(P<0.001),远切缘组织病理评分分别为4(2-9)、0(0-4)和0(0-3)(P<0.001);近切缘微血管密度平均数(标准差)分别为21.7(7.9)、27.2(8.6)和27.3(9.4)(P=0.003),远切缘微血管密度分别为18.1(9.3)、25.2(12.9)和24.9(7.4)(P<0.001)。在新辅助放化疗患者中,吻合口漏的发生与组织病理学评分增高(P=0.003)及微血管密度减少(P=0.004)密切相关。结论:新辅助放化疗后,直肠癌切除术的外科切缘存在一定程度的放射性损伤。近切缘放射性损伤越严重,吻合口漏发生概率越高。 | Qiyuan Qin Yaxi Zhu Peihuang Wu Xinjuan Fan Yan Huang Binjie Huang Jianping Wang Lei Wang | 2019 | Gastroenterology Report2019，7，2： | 5 |
| 12 | Time correction of the ocean bottom seismometers deployed at the southwest Indian ridge using ambient noise cross-correlation显示文摘Seismic monitoring using ocean bottom seismometers(OBS) is an efficient method for investigating earthquakes in mid-ocean ridge far away from land. Clock synchronization among the OBSs is difficult without direct communication because electromagnetic signals cannot propagate efficiently in water. Time correction can be estimated through global positioning system(GPS) synchronization if clock drift is linear before and after the deployment. However, some OBSs in the experiments at the southwest Indian ridge(SWIR) on the Chinese DY125-34 cruise had not been re-synchronized from GPS after recovery. So we attempted to estimate clock drift between each station pairs using time symmetry analysis(TSA) based on ambient noise cross-correlation. We tested the feasibility of the TSA method by analyzing daily noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs) that extract from the data of another OBS experiment on the Chinese DY125-40 cruise with known clock drift and the same deployment site. The results suggest that the NCFs' travel time of surface wave between any two stations are symmetrical and have an opposite growing direction with the date. The influence of different band-pass filters,different components and different normalized methods was discussed. The TSA method appeared to be optimal for the hydrophone data within the period band of 2–5 s in dozens of km-scale interstation distances. A significant clock drift of ~2 s was estimated between OBSs sets through linear regression during a 108-d deployment on the Chinese cruise DY125-34. Time correction of the OBS by the ambient noise cross-correlation was demonstrated as a practical approach with the appropriate parameters in case of no GPS re-synchronization. | LIU Yunlong LIU Cai TAO Chunhui YAO Huajian QIU Lei WANG Ao RUAN Aiguo WANG Hanchuang ZHOU Jianping LI Huaiming DONG Chuanwan | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，5： | 5 |
| 13 | Modeling and optimization of a single-drive push–pull silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator显示文摘We present an equivalent circuit model for a silicon carrier-depletion single-drive push–pull Mach–Zehnder modulator(MZM)with its traveling wave electrode made of coplanar strip lines.In particular,the partialcapacitance technique and conformal mapping are used to derive the capacitance associated with each layer.The PN junction is accurately modeled with the fringe capacitances taken into consideration.The circuit model is validated by comparing the calculations with the simulation results.Using this model,we analyze the effect of several key parameters on the modulator performance to optimize the design.Experimental results of MZMs confirm the theoretical analysis.A 56 Gb/s on–off keying modulation and a 40 Gb/s binary phase-shift keying modulation are achieved using the optimized modulator. | Yanyang Zhou Linjie Zhou Haike Zhu Chiyan Wong Yida Wen Lei Liu Xinwan Li Jianping Chen | 2016 | Photonics Research2016，4，4： | 5 |
| 14 | Impact of oceans on climate change in drylands显示文摘Drylands account for approximately 41% of the global total land area. Significant warming and rare precipitation in drylands result in a fragile ecology and deterioration of the living environment, making it more sensitive to global climate change. As an important regulator of the Earth's climate system, the oceans play a vital role in the process of climate change in drylands. In modern climate change in particular, the impact of marine activities on climate change in drylands cannot be neglected. This paper reviews the characteristics of climate change in drylands over the past 100 years, and summarizes the researches conducted on the impact of marine activities on these changes. The review focuses on the impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO), El Ni?o and La Ni?a on climate change in drylands, and introduces the mechanisms by which different oceanic oscillation factors synergistically affect climate change in drylands.Studies have shown that global drylands have experienced a significant intensification in warming in the past 100 years, which shows obvious characteristics of interdecadal dry/wet variations. The characteristics of these changes are closely related to the oscillatory factors of the oceanic interdecadal scale. Different phase combinations of oceanic oscillation factors significantly change the land-sea thermal contrast, which in turn affects the westerly jet, planetary wave and blocking frequency, resulting in changes in the temperature and dry/wet characteristics of drylands. With the intensification of climate change in drylands, the impact of marine activities on these regions will reveal new characteristics in the future, which will increase the uncertainty of future climate change in drylands and intensify the impact of these drylands on global climate. | Xiaodan GUAN Jieru MA Jianping HUANG Ruixin HUANG Lei ZHANG Zhuguo MA | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，6： | 5 |
| 15 | Silicon high-speed binary phase-shift keying modulator with a single-drive push–pull high-speed traveling wave electrode显示文摘We demonstrate binary phase shift keying(BPSK) modulation using a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator with aπ-phase-shift voltage(Vπ) of-4.5 V.The single-drive push–pull traveling wave electrode has been optimized using numerical simulations with a 3 dB electro-optic bandwidth of 35 GHz.The 32 Gb/s BPSK constellation diagram is measured with an error vector magnitude of 18.9%. | Jinting Wang Linjie Zhou Haike Zhu Rui Yang Yanyang Zhou Lei Liu Tao Wang Jianping Chen | 2015 | Photonics Research2015，3，3： | 4 |
| 16 | Regulating surface state of WO3 nanosheets by gamma irradiation for suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction in electrochemical N2 fixation显示文摘Realizing the reduction of N2 to NH3 at low temperature and pressure is always the unremitting pursuit of scientists and then electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction offers an intriguing alternative.Here,we develop a feasible way,gamma irradiation,for constructing defective structure on the surface of WO3 nanosheets,which is clearly observed at the atomic scale by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM).The abundant oxygen vacancies ensure WO3 nanosheets with a Faradaic efficiency of 23%at−0.3 V vs.RHE.Moreover,we start from the regulation of the surface state to suppress proton availability towards hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the active site and thus boost the selectivity of nitrogen reduction. | Yanqiu Du Cheng Jiang Li Song Bin Gao Hao Gong Wei Xia Lei Sheng Tao Wang Jianping He | 2020 | Nano Research2020，13，10： | 4 |
| 17 | High-power hybrid GaN-based green laser diodes with ITO cladding layer显示文摘Green laser diodes(LDs)still perform worst among the visible and near-infrared spectrum range,which is called the'green gap.'Poor performance of green LDs is mainly related to the p-type Al Ga N cladding layer,which on one hand imposes large thermal budget on In Ga N quantum wells(QWs)during epitaxial growth,and on the other hand has poor electrical property especially when low growth temperature has to be used.We demonstrate in this work that a hybrid LD structure with an indium tin oxide(ITO)p-cladding layer can achieve threshold current density as low as 1.6 k A∕cm^2,which is only one third of that of the conventional LD structure.The improvement is attributed to two benefits that are enabled by the ITO cladding layer.One is the reduced thermal budget imposed on QWs by reducing p-Al Ga N layer thickness,and the other is the increasing hole concentration since a low Al content p-Al Ga N cladding layer can be used in hybrid LD structures.Moreover,the slope efficiency is increased by 25%and the operation voltage is reduced by 0.6 V for hybrid green LDs.As a result,a 400 m W high-power green LD has been obtained.These results indicate that a hybrid LD structure can pave the way toward high-performance green LDs. | LEI HU XIAOYU REN JIANPING LIU AIQIN TIAN LINGRONG JIANG SIYI HUANG WEI ZHOU LIQUN ZHANG HUI YANG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，3： | 4 |
| 18 | Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen and natural bone ceramic/collagen scaffolds and their osteogenesis-promoting effect on MC3T3-E1 cells显示文摘The use of various types of calcium phosphate has been reported in the preparation of repairing materials for bone defects.However,the physicochemical and biological properties among them might be vastly different.In this study,we prepared two types of calcium phosphates,nano-hydroxyapatite(nHA)and natural bone ceramic(NBC),into 3D scaffolds by mixing with type I collagen(CoL),resulting in the nHA/CoL and NBC/CoL scaffolds.We then evaluated and compared the physicochemical and biological properties of these two calcium phosphates and their composite scaffold with CoL.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD)and compressive tests were used to,respectively,characterize the morphology,composition,distribution and the effect of nHA and NBC to collagen.Next,we examined the biological properties of the scaffolds using cytotoxicity testing,flow cytometry,immunofluorescence staining,biocompatibility testing,CCK-8 assays and RT-PCR.The results reflected that the Ca2t released from nHA and NBC could bind chemically with collagen and affect its physicochemical properties,including the infrared absorption spectrum and compression modulus,among others.Furthermore,the two kinds of scaffolds could promote the expression of osteo-relative genes,but showed different gene induction properties.In short,NBC/CoL could promote the expression of early osteogenic genes,while nHA/CoL could upregulate late osteogenic genes.Conclusively,these two composite scaffolds could provide MC3T3-E1 cells with a biomimetic surface for adhesion,proliferation and the formation of mineralized extracellular matrices.Moreover,nHA/CoL and NBC/CoL had different effects on the period and extent ofMC3T3-E1 cell mineralization. | Xiongxin Lei Jianping Gao Fangyu Xing Yang Zhang Ye Ma Guifeng Zhang | 2019 | Regenerative Biomaterials2019，6，6： | 4 |
| 19 | Cloning and expression of the Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2 coat protein read-through and 19 ku cysteine-rich domains and localization of these proteins显示文摘The 5’-terminal (RTn) and 3’-terminal (RTc) halves of the coat protein readthrough domain and the 19 ku cysteine-rich protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and expressed in E. coll. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies against these proteins were prepared by immunising these purified proteins to mice. Detection of RTn, RTc and 19 ku proteins in CWMV infected wheat sap and leaf tissue indicated that the RTn and RTc proteins were distributed on the surface of virus particles whereas the 19 ku protein was in the cytoplasm of the infected wheat cells. | XU Lei CHEN Jianping YE Rong ZHAO Xiuyun YU Shanqing | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，12： | 4 |
| 20 | A proof of concept for neutralizing antibody-guided vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2显示文摘Mutations and transient conformational movements of the receptor binding domain(RBD)that make neutralizing epitopes momentarily unavailable present immune escape routes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).To mitigate viral escape,we developed a cocktail of neutralizing antibodies(NAbs)targeting epitopes located on different domains of spike(S)protein.Screening of a library of monoclonal antibodies generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 convalescent patients yielded potent NAbs,targeting the N-terminal domain(NTD)and RBD domain of S,effective at n M concentrations.Remarkably,a combination of RBD-targeting NAbs and NTD-binding NAbs,FC05,enhanced the neutralization potency in cell-based assays and an animal model.Results of competitive surface plasmon resonance assays and cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM)structures of antigen-binding fragments bound to S unveil determinants of immunogenicity.Combinations of immunogens,identified in the NTD and RBD of S,when immunized in rabbits and macaques,elicited potent protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.More importantly,two immunizations of this combination of NTD and RBD immunogens provided complete protection in macaques against a SARS-CoV-2 challenge,without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.These results provide a proof of concept for neutralization-based immunogen design targeting SARS-CoV-2 NTD and RBD. | Li Zhang Lei Cao Xing-Su Gao Bin-Yang Zheng Yong-Qiang Deng Jing-Xin Li Rui Feng Qian Bian Xi-Ling Guo Nan Wang Hong-Ying Qiu Lei Wang Zhen Cui Qing Ye Geng Chen Kui-Kui Lu Yin Chen Yu-Tao Chen Hong-Xing Pan Jiaping Yu Wenrong Yao Bao-Li Zhu Jianping Chen Yong Liu Cheng-Feng Qin Xiangxi Wang Feng-Cai Zhu | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，8： | 4 |
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