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| 1 | Esophageal tissue engineering:A new approach for esophageal replacement显示文摘A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement.Various surgical techniques,such as gastric and colonic interposition,are standards of treatment,but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems.Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function.We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering,discuss its implications,compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms:stem cell and esophagus,esophageal replacement,esophageal tissue engineering,esophageal substitution.Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information.All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed.Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation.When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality.Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration,whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit.Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds,but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution.Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly suggest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement.Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus.Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease,important barriers remain that need to be addressed. | Giorgia Totonelli Panagiotis Maghsoudlou Jonathan M Fishman Giuseppe Orlando Tahera Ansari Paul Sibbons Martin A Birchall Agostino Pierro Simon Eaton Paolo De Coppi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 5 |
| 2 | Self-reported stress and reproductive health of female lawyers显示文摘 | Schencker MB Eaton M Green R | 1997 | J Occup Environ Med1997，39，： | 1 |
| 3 | The catalytic subunit of yeast telomerase显示文摘 | Counter CM Meyerson M Eaton EN | 2003 | Proc Nat Acad Sci USA2003，94，： | 1 |
| 4 | hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization显示文摘 | Meyerson M Counter CM Eaton EN | 1997 | Cell1997，90，： | 1 |
| 5 | Accurate characteriza- tion of extravascular lung water in acute respiratory distress syn- drome显示文摘 | Berkowitz D M Danai P A Eaton S | 2008 | Crit Care Med2008，36，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers 显示文摘 | Eaton WW Byrne M Ewald H | 2006 | Am J Psychiatry2006，163，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Significance of carbonates in irrigation water 显示文摘 | Eaton F M | 1950 | Soil Science1950，69，： | 1 |
| 8 | Extravascular lung water in patients with sever sepsis:a prospective cohort study显示文摘 | Martin GS Eaton S Mealer M | 2005 | Crit Care2005，9，： | 1 |
| 9 | Recovery after open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis:a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Hall NJ Pacilli M Eaton S | | 0，，9661： | 1 |
| 10 | hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization 显示文摘 | Meyerson M Counter CM Eaton EN | 1997 | Cell1997，90，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Extravascular lung water in Pa- tients with Severe sepsis: a prospective cohort study 显示文摘 | Martin GS Eaton S Mealer M Moss M | 2005 | Crlt Care2005，9，2： | 1 |
| 12 | The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979through 2000显示文摘 | Martin G S Mannino D M Eaton S | 2003 | N Engl J Med2003，348，： | 1 |
| 13 | Risk Management in the Lusoponte Concession--A Case Study of the Two Bridges in Lisbon Portugal显示文摘 | EATON D BETTS M | 2004 | International Journal of Project Management2004，22，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung显示文摘 | Perry M C Eaton W L Propert K J | 1987 | N Engl J Med1987，316，： | 1 |
| 15 | Telomerase activity is restored in human cells by ectopic expression of hTERT(hEST2), the catalytic subunit of telemetries 显示文摘 | Counter CM Meyerson M Eaton EN | 1998 | Oncogene1998，16，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Extravascular lung water in ill patients with severe sepsis:a prospective cohort study显示文摘 | Martin G S Eaton S M ealer M | 2005 | Crit Care Med2005，9，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Scale up of servicesfor mental health in low-income and middle-income coun- tries显示文摘 | Eaton J McCay L Semrau M | 2011 | Lancet2011，378，9802： | 1 |
| 18 | Telomerase activity is restored in human cells by subunit of telomerase显示文摘 | Counter CM Meyerson M Eaton EN | 1998 | Oncogene1998，16，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Molecular bases of cellular iron toxicity显示文摘 | Eaton JW Qian M | 2002 | Free Radic Biol Med2002，32，6： | 1 |
| 20 | 5,1O-meth ylenetetrahydrofotate reductase 677 and 1298 polymorphisms,folate intake,and microsatellite instability in colon cancer显示文摘 | EATON A M SANDLER R CARETHERS J M | 2005 | Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2005，14，8： | 1 |
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