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| 1 | 近百年中国气温变化中的不确定性估计显示文摘利用均一化的中国近百年气温观测数据,结合英国East Anglia大学气候研究中心(CRU)的CRUTEM3气温数据集中中国周边国家长序列资料对20世纪前50年资料进行了补充,研制了中国及周边地区近百年逐月5°×5°气温网格数据集,并综合系统考虑了该气温数据集中存在的3类误差(台站误差、抽样误差和偏差误差)导致的不确定性水平,重新构建了近百年全国气温变化序列,并给出了各种不确定性水平,得出了近百年中国气温变化的最新估计.基于上述数据集系统性地对中国近100年地表气温变化趋势进行了重新估计.结果显示:1900~2006年中国气温变化速度为(0.09±0.017)℃/10a;冬季最大,为(0.14±0.021)℃/10a;夏季最小为(0.04±0.017)℃/10a;春季为(0.11±0.021)℃/10a;秋季为(0.07±0.017)℃/10a.近50年(1954~2006年)气温增暖趋势约为(0.26±0.032)℃/10a,近30年(1979~2006年)增暖趋势为(0.45±0.13)℃/10a,气温增暖速率呈明显加剧趋势,值得引起注意.从地理分布上来看,东北、西北和华北地区的增暖幅度最为明显,而西南、华南地区增暖幅度最小,这种变化在近100,50和30年具有较好的一致性. | 李庆祥 董文杰 李伟 高小蓉 JONES Phil KENNEDY John PARKER David | 2010 | 科学通报2010，55，16： | 82 |
| 2 | Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century显示文摘We have used the China Homogenized Historic Temperature dataset and some long-term station series of the neighbor countries from CRUTEM3,a 5°×5° gridded dataset of monthly mean temperature since 1900,to provide a 107-year record of surface temperature trends and variability.We derived a comprehensive set of uncertainty estimates to accompany the data:measurement and sampling errors,uncertainties in temperature bias estimates,and uncertainties arising from limited observational coverage on large-scale averages have all been estimated.We reanalysed the temperature changes during the period of record.The best estimates of trends for 1900-2006 with uncertainties at 95% confidence range are about 0.09±0.017°C/decade for the year as a whole,and 0.14±0.021°C/decade,0.11±0.021°C/decade,0.04±0.017°C/decade,and 0.07±0.017°C/decade for winter,spring,summer and autumn respectively.For 1954-2006,the trends for annual,winter,spring,summer and autumn are:0.26±0.032°C/decade,0.35±0.046°C/decade,0.25±0.051°C/decade,0.16±0.037°C/decade and 0.22±0.055°C/decade.Winter saw the most significant warming trend in both 1900-2006 and 1954-2006,while during the most recent period(the satellite era,1979-2006),all the seasons show similar warming trends:0.45±0.13°C/decade,0.51±0.11°C/decade,0.52±0.16°C/decade,0.37±0.10°C/decade and 0.50±0.16°C/decade for annual,winter,spring,summer and autumn.Trends arising from urbanization have been evaluated as less than 5% of the total warming trend for 1951-2001,so this bias was not removed. | LI QingXiang DONG WenJie LI Wei GAO XiaoRong JONES P KENNEDY J PARKER D | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，19： | 26 |
| 3 | 我国农村居民的红细胞脂肪酸、血浆脂质与心血管疾病显示文摘对我国49个县的心血管疾病(CVD,包括冠心病、高血压心脏病和脑卒中)死亡率和4900例35~64岁成年男女的膳食进行了调查,并测定了血浆脂质[总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和甘油三酸酯(TG)]的含量,结果指出:1.和西方国家人群比较,我国农民血浆TC、TG、HDL-C和依此计算而得的LDL-C水平较低,而HDL-C/TC比值较高,CVD死亡率也较西方国家的为低。2.在TC、LDL-C与CVD死亡率之间无相关,但在红细胞油酸水平与CVD死亡率间有显著负相关。3.红细胞油酸水平与血浆TC含量间无相关,而与红细胞花生四烯酸水平呈显著负相关。指出油酸对CVD死亡率的影响有可能是通过另一条途径,即减低血小板的聚集作用。4.我国的CVD死亡率呈现明显的地区性分布,即南方低于北方。其分布与红细胞油酸含量,及大米摄取量的地区性分布呈明显的负关系。5.为解释CVD死亡率与红细胞油酸的负关系,本文提出了油酸可能置换了血小板膜磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸的设想,但对大米保护CVD的作用则尚需有更多的调查和研究数据才能确证之。 | 范文洵 Parker R Parpia B 屈荫生 Cassano P Crawford M Leyton J 田巧珍 黎均耀 陈君石 Campbell C | 1992 | 营养学报1992，14，1： | 15 |
| 4 | Antagonism of Transcription Factor MYC2 by EDS1/PAD4 Complexes Bolsters Salicylic Acid Defense in Arabidopsis Effector-Triggered Immunity显示文摘在植物免疫,激活病原体的细胞内部的核苷酸绑定 / 白氨酸富人重复(NLR ) 受体动员疾病抵抗小径,但是下游的发信号机制仍然保持阴暗。(EDS1 ) 提高的疾病危险性 1 在 Toll-Interleukin1-Receptor 触发的抵抗控制 transcriptional reprogramming 域(TIR ) 家庭 NLR (TNL ) 。水杨酸酸(SA ) 的 Transcriptional 正式就职荷尔蒙防卫部门对 biotrophic 病原体提供一个关键障碍。这里,我们现在的基因、分子的证据在 Arabidopsis ? 有它的搭挡 PAD4 的 EDS1 建筑群 ? 禁止 MYC2,反对 SA jasmonic 酸(JA ) 的一个主人管理者荷尔蒙小径。在 TNL 有免疫力的反应,有 MYC2 的 EDS1/PAD4 干扰独立于导致 EDS1 的 SA 合成增加 SA 防卫部门,有效地从而堵住一个有势力的行动细菌的 JA 模仿, coronatine (英国管) 。我们证明在英国管在 nucle 剔 ? 畦据楴湯椠 ? 牁 'L 摩灯楳? 晡敦瑣 ? 桴 ? 硥牰獥楳湯漠 ? 内被察觉到以后, MYC2 的那对抗发生 ? 楬業整 ? ?獢瑥漠 ? 敧敮 ? 潣瑮潲汬摥戠 ? 剐至 ? 佐奌佃 ? 删偅 ? 卓噉? 佃偍 ???? 湩汣摵湩 ? 桴 ? 汦睯牥湩 ? 楴敭爠来汵瑡牯吗?? | Haitao Cui Jingde Qiu Yue Zhou Deepak D. Bhandari Chunhui Zhao Jaqueline Bautor Jane E. Parker | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，8： | 10 |
| 5 | 白蛋白刺激肾小管上皮细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶2和9显示文摘目的探讨白蛋白对近端肾小管上皮细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和MMP-9的影响。方法大鼠近端肾小管细胞株NRK52E培养至70%或100%融合时,分别给予不同浓度(0.1~1.0g/L)去脂和非去脂牛血清白蛋白(dBSA和BSA)刺激,于24、48、72h收集培养液,用明胶酶谱和Western印迹方法检测培养液MMP-2和MMP-9活性和蛋白水平。结果与空白对照组比较,1.0g/LBSA刺激未完全融合NRK52E72h后,MMP-2和MMP-9活性分别上调276%、176%(P〈0.05)。与刺激24h比较,1.0g/LBSA刺激72h,在未完全融合NRK52E的MMP-2和MMP-9活性分别上调536%、148%;在完全融合NRK52E分别上调212%、184%(P〈0.05)。与完全融合NRK52E比较,1.0g/LBSA刺激未完全融合NRK52E 72h,MMP-2活性上调增加了274%,MMP-9活性上调减少了45.1%(P〈0.05)。dBSA刺激结果与BSA类似。结论白蛋白刺激呈剂量和时间依赖性上调近端肾小管细胞表达MMP-2和MMP-9。细胞完全融合可抑制MMP-2表达,促进MMP-9表达。 | 孙良忠 Ibrini Juma Parker Emma 陈述枚 Johnson Timothy S. El Nahas A. Meguid | 2007 | 中华肾脏病杂志2007，23，8： | 9 |
| 6 | Structural basis of AMPK regulation by adenine nucleotides and glycogen显示文摘激活安培的蛋白质 kinase (AMPK ) 为糖尿病,肥胖,和癌症的治疗是一个中央细胞的精力传感器和精力动态平衡,和一个有希望的药目标的管理者。这里我们人的 α 的现在的低分辨率的水晶结构; 1 β 2 γ 1 holo-AMPK 建筑群跳了到它的 allosteric 调节的人安培和肝糖模仿 cyclodextrin,两个在 phosphorylated (4.05 Å) 并且 non-phosphorylated (4.60 Å) 状态。另外,我们解决了 2.95 Å人的 kinase 领域(KD ) 的结构跳了到邻近的 autoinhibitory 领域(帮助) 并且表现了广泛生物化学并且 mutational 研究。一起,这些研究由安培和肝糖说明 allosteric AMPK 调整的内在的机制,其绑定改变在交替的帮助(安培) 和糖类绑定模块(肝糖) 之间的 equilibria 相互作用。 | Xiaodan Li Lili Wang X Edward Zhou Jiyuan Ke Parker W de Waal Xin Gu M H Eileen Tan Dongye Wang Donghai Wu H Eric Xu Karsten Melcher | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs显示文摘Infectious diseases,mostly caused by bacteria and viruses but also a result of fungal and parasitic infection,have been one of the most important public health concerns throughout human history.The first step in combating these pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis at an affordable cost.Many kinds of diagnostics have been developed,such as pathogen culture,biochemical tests and serological tests,to help detect and fight against the causative agents of diseases.However,these diagnostic tests are generally unsatisfactory because they are not particularly sensitive and specific and are unable to deliver speedy results.Nucleic acid-based diagnostics,detecting pathogens through the identification of their genomic sequences,have shown promise to overcome the above limitations and become more widely adopted in clinical tests.Here we review some of the most popular nucleic acid-based diagnostics and focus on their adaptability and applicability to routine clinical usage.We also compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of nucleic acid-based diagnostics. | Albert Cheung-Hoi Yu Greg Vatcher Xin Yue Yan Dong Mao Hua Li Patrick H.K.Tam Parker Y.L.Tsang April K.Y.Wong Michael H.K.Hui Bin Yang Hao Tang Lok-Ting Lau | 2012 | Frontiers of Medicine2012，6，2： | 8 |
| 8 | Repression of the Auxin Response Pathway Increases Arabidopsis Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungi显示文摘在植物,到 necrotrophic 病原体的抵抗取决于在不同荷尔蒙系统之间的相互影响,例如水杨酸调整的那些酸(SA ) , jasmonic 酸(JA ) ,乙烯,和 abscisic 酸。由 SA 小径发信号的植物生长素的压抑最近被显示贡献抗菌剂抵抗。这里,我们表明表明在刺激植物生长素的 SCF (Skp1CullinF 盒子) ubiquitination 小径展览有缺点的异种 axr1, axr2,和 axr6 的那 Arabidopsis 植物生长素增加的危险性到 necrotrophic 真菌 Plectosphaerella cucumerina 和 Botrytis cinerea。另外,被 SCF-ubiquitin/proteasome 机械通常为移动指向的植物生长素 transcriptional 抑压者 AXR3 的稳定发生在 P 之上。cucumerina 感染。植物生长素运输或 proteasome 功能的药理学抑制各作为在非对待的植物生长素反应异种损害野类型的植物的 necrotroph 抵抗到类似的程度。这些结果建议植物生长素发信号为到 necrotrophic 真菌 P 的抵抗是重要的。cucumerina 和 B。cinerea。SGT1b (编码 HSP90/HSC70 合作女伴的二 Arabidopsis SGT1 基因之一) 在某些抵抗(R) 基因调节到 biotrophic 病原体的植物生长素和 JA 回答和抵抗支持 SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase 建筑群的功能。我们发现 sgt1b 异种对 P 同样抵抗。是的 cucumerina 野类型的植物。相反地, auxin/SCF 发信号异种在到 obligate biotrophic oomycete 的被触发 RPP4 的抵抗是不妥协的, Hyaloperonospora parasitica。因此,在到 oomycetes 的 R 调节基因的抵抗的 SGT1b 的占优势的行动看起来在除帮助 SCF E3-ubiquitin ligases 以外的一个地点。然而, sgt1b axr1 的基因添加在到 H 的危险性的两倍异种。一旦 plantpathogen 相容性被建立, parasitica 建议调停 SCF 的 ubiquitination 贡献限制 biotrophic 病原体殖民。 | Francisco Llorente Paul M usksktt Andrea Sanchez-Vallet Gemma Lopez Brisa Ramos Clara Sanchez-Rodriguez Lucia Jorda Jane Parker Antonio Molina | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，3： | 8 |
| 9 | Redox proteomics of tomato in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection显示文摘Unlike mammals with adaptive immunity,plants rely on their innate immunity based on pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)for pathogen defense.Reactive oxygen species,known to play crucial roles in PTI and ETI,can perturb cellular redox homeostasis and lead to changes of redox-sensitive proteins through modification of cysteine sulfhydryl groups.Although redox regulation of protein functions has emerged as an important mechanism in several biological processes,little is known about redox proteins and how they function in PTI and ETI.In this study,cysTMT proteomics technology was used to identify similarities and differences of protein redox modifications in tomato resistant(PtoR)and susceptible(prf3)genotypes in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato(Pst)infection.In addition,the results of the redox changes were compared and corrected with the protein level changes.A total of 90 potential redox-regulated proteins were identified with functions in carbohydrate and energy metabolism,biosynthesis of cysteine,sucrose and brassinosteroid,cell wall biogenesis,polysaccharide/starch biosynthesis,cuticle development,lipid metabolism,proteolysis,tricarboxylic acid cycle,protein targeting to vacuole,and oxidation–reduction.This inventory of previously unknown protein redox switches in tomato pathogen defense lays a foundation for future research toward understanding the biological significance of protein redox modifications in plant defense responses. | Kelly Mayrink Balmant Jennifer Parker Mi-Jeong Yoo Ning Zhu Craig Dufresne Sixue Chen | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Circulating extracellular RNAs,myocardial remodeling,and heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome显示文摘Background:Given high on-treatment mortality in heart failure(HF),identifying molecular pathways that underlie adverse cardiac remodeling may offer novel biomarkers and therapeutic avenues.Circulating extracellular RNAs(ex-RNAs)regulate important biological processes and are emerging as biomarkers of disease,but less is known about their role in the acute setting,particularly in the setting of HF.Methods:We examined the ex-RNA profiles of 296 acute coronary syndrome(ACS)survivors enrolled in the Transitions,Risks,and Actions in Coronary Events Center for Outcomes Research and Education Cohort.We measured 374 ex-RNAs selected a priori,based on previous findings from a large population study.We employed a two-step,mechanism-driven approach to identify ex-RNAs associated with echocardiographic phenotypes(left ventricular[LV]ejection fraction,LV mass,LV end-diastolic volume,left atrial[LA]dimension,and LA volume index)then tested relations of these ex-RNAs with prevalent HF(N=31,10.5%).We performed further bioinformatics analysis of microRNA(miRNAs)predicted targets’genes ontology categories and molecular pathways.Results:We identified 44 ex-RNAs associated with at least one echocardiographic phenotype associated with HF.Of these 44 exRNAs,miR-29-3p,miR-584-5p,and miR-1247-5p were also associated with prevalent HF.The three microRNAs were implicated in the regulation p53 and transforming growth factor-βsignaling pathways and predicted to be involved in cardiac fibrosis and cell death;miRNA predicted targets were enriched in gene ontology categories including several involving the extracellular matrix and cellular differentiation.Conclusions:Among ACS survivors,we observed that miR-29-3p,miR-584-5p,and miR-1247-5p were associated with both echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodeling and prevalent HF.Relevance for Patients:miR-29c-3p,miR-584-5p,and miR-1247-5p were associated with echocardiographic phenotypes and prevalent HF and are potential biomarkers for adverse cardiac remodeling in HF. | Khanh-Van Tran Kahraman Tanriverdi Gerard P.Aurigemma Darleen Lessard Mayank Sardana Matthew Parker Amir Shaikh Matthew Gottbrecht Zachary Milstone Selim Tanriverdi Olga Vitseva John F.Keaney Catarina I.Kiefe David D.McManus Jane E.Freedman | 2019 | Journal of Clinical & Translational Research2019，5，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Brain injury and neural stem cells显示文摘Many therapies with potential for treatment of brain injury have been investigated. Few types of cells have spurred as much interest and excitement as stem cells over the past few decades. The multipotentiality and self-renewing characteristics of stem cells confer upon them the capability to regenerate lost tissue in ischemic or degenerative conditions as well as trauma. While stem cells have not yet proven to be clinically effective in many such conditions as was once hoped, they have demonstrated some effects that could be manipulated for clinical benefit. The various types of stem cells have similar characteristics, and largely differ in terms of origin; those that have differentiated to some extent may exhibit limited capability in differentiation potential. Stem cells can aid in decreasing lesion size and improving function following brain injury. | Parker E.Ludwig Finosh G.Thankam Arun A.Patil Andrea J.Chamczuk Devendra K.Agrawal | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，1： | 7 |
| 12 | Destabilization of strigolactone receptor DWARF14 by binding of ligand and E3-1igase signaling effector DWARF3显示文摘 | Li-Hua Zhao X Edward Zhou Wei Yi Zhongshan Wu Yue Liu Yanyong Kang Li Hou Parker W de Waal Suling Li Yi Jiang Adrian Scaffidi Gavin R Flematti Steven M Smith Vinh Q Lam Patrick R Griffin YonghongWang Jiayang Li Karsten Melcher H Eric Xu | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，11： | 7 |
| 13 | Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008显示文摘 | R. Phillip Dellinger Mitchell M. Levy Jean M. Carlet Julian Bion Margaret M. Parker Roman Jaeschke Konrad Reinhart Derek C. Angus Christian Brun-Buisson Richard Beale Thierry Calandra Jean-Francois Dhainaut Herwig Gerlach Maurene Harvey John J. Marini Joh | 2008 | Intensive Care Medicine2008，，1： | 7 |
| 14 | Roles of Arabidopsis Patatin-Related Phospholipases A in Root Development Are Related to Auxin Responses and Phosphate Deficiency显示文摘Phospholipase A 酶劈开 phospho- 和 galactolipids 产生在发信号的动物和植物荷尔蒙工作的免费的丰满的酸和 lysolipids。这里,我们描述三 Arabidopsis patatin 相关的 phospholipase A (pPLA ) 基因 AtPLAIVA, AtPLAIVB,和 AtPLAIVC 和他们的相应蛋白质。Loss-of-function 异种在正常开发期间并且在磷酸盐剥夺下面在根为这些 pPLAs 揭示角色。AtPLAIVA 强烈并且专门在根被表示, AtplaIVA 空的异种减少了侧面的根开发,损害植物生长素回答特征。由对比, AtPLAIVB 在根,子叶,和叶子微弱地被表示,但是被植物生长素 transcriptionally 导致,尽管 AtplaIVB 异种通常发展。AtPLAIVC 在花的 gynaecium 被表示并且被 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 或磷酸盐缺乏在根导致。当 AtplaIVC-1 loss-of-function 异种显示骆驼毛的织物应答时,它在根开发期间展出损害回答到磷酸盐缺乏。Recombinant AtPLA 蛋白质水解优先地 galactolipids 并且,不太高效地, phospholipids,尽管这些酶不在叶绿体是局部性的。我们发现 AtPLAIVA 和 AtPLAIVB 是由在 vitro 的钙依赖者蛋白质 kinases 的 phosphorylated,这在 phosphatidylcholine 上然而并非在 phosphatidylglycerol 上提高他们的活动。一起拿,数据在在磷酸盐缺乏并且植物生长素发信号之间的接口与单个角色在根开发揭示 pPLAs 的新奇函数。 | Steffen Rietz Georgi Dermendjiev Esther Oppermann Fikadu Getah Tafesse Yunus Effendi Andre Holk Jane E. Parker Markus Teige Gunther F.E. Scherer | 2010 | Molecular Plant2010，3，3： | 7 |
| 15 | The Trends and Tasks of Modeling and Simulation for Reduction of Heat Treatment Distortion显示文摘The development of simulation model and benchmark work have expanded in the past decade and many models and soft ware are introduced. The leading software 'Hearts’ developed by Prof Inoue[1] and several other have proved the effectiveness as the pre-production simulation work at many part of heat treatment processes[2-10]. Although, numerous other models and simulation studies dealt with many fundamental factors are reported at many conferences except very few models have not completed three dimensional computation methods, or lack of validation work to evaluate their tools exactly. In this paper, several distortion case studies will be introduced and the needs of fundamental study of distortion and internationally collaborative program on model evaluation and construction of materials database are proposed. | Kiyoshi Funatani Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.Momosono-cho 4-18, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, JAPAN | 2000 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2000，5，1： | 7 |
| 16 | Eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance and translesion synthesis through covalent modifications of PCNA显示文摘除了明确的脱氧核糖核酸修理小径,所有生活有机体发展了机制避免复制叉倒塌在复制由于脱氧核糖核酸的造成分裂的共有原子价修正被堵住的一个地点引起的细胞死亡。术语脱氧核糖核酸损坏忍耐(DDT ) 泛泛地被采用了包括房间由熬过堵住复制的损害与或没有联系 genomic 不稳定性的许多机制。最近的基因分析在优核质显示那 DDT,从酵母到人,与是无差错的和另外一个由二条平行小径组成高度诱变。在开始发育的酵母,有趣地,这二条小径被增殖的房间的顺序的修正调停由二 ubiquitination 建筑群 Rad6-Rad18 和 Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5 的原子抗原(PCNA ) 。由 Rad6-Rad18 的 PCNA 的导致损坏的 monoubiquitination 与增加的傻瓜发育不全支持 translesion 合成(TLS ) ,当在由 Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5 的一样的 K164 残余的 PCNA 的随后的 polyubiquitination 支持无差错的损害时绕过。从最近的研究获得的数据建议上述机制在更高的优核质被保存。特别地,哺乳动物包含多重专业化 TLS 聚合酶。在 TLS 聚合酶之一的缺点被连接了到 genomic 不稳定性和癌症。 | Parker L Andersen Fang Xu Wei Xiao | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，1： | 6 |
| 17 | Small molecules enable OCT4-mediated direct reprogramming into expandable human neural stem cells显示文摘 | Saiyong Zhu Raiesh Ambasudhan Woong Sun Hyun Jung Kim Maria Talantova Xiaojing Wang Mingliang Zhang Yu Zhang Timothy Laurent James Parker Han-Seop Kim Jeffrey D Zaremba Sofiyan Saleem Sara Sanz-Blasco Eliezer Masliah Scott R McKercher Yee Sook Cho Stuart A Lipton Janghwan Kim Sheng Ding | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，1： | 6 |
| 18 | Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into brown and white adipocytes: a role for ERRα in human UCP1 expression显示文摘我们调查了胎儿的间充质的干细胞(fMSCs ) 的能力区分进棕色、白的 adipocytes 并且比较了很多标记基因和关键规章的因素的表示。我们证明关键 adipocyte 管理者和标记的表示在另外的人、鼠科的 adipocyte 模型在区别期间类似于那,包括 PPAR 纬 2 和 FABP4 的正式就职。尤其是,我们发现 preadipocyte 标记, Pref-1,当这个过程继续,显著地在区别然后衰落早被导致,当他们承诺 adipogenic 系,建议 fMSCs 首先获得 preadipocyte 特征,在他们进成熟 adipocytes 的区别以前。在 adipogenic 正式就职以后,某干细胞孤立区分了进类似于棕色的 adipocytes 和其它进白 adipocytes 的房间。一个的详细调查孤立证明新奇棕色的胖决定的因素 PRDM16 在区别前后两个都被表示。重要地,展出的这些房间提高了基础 UCP-1 表示,它依赖于孤儿的活动原子受体犯错伪,加亮一个新奇角色为犯错在人的棕色的脂肪的伪。因此 fMSCs 代表一在 vitro 有用为人的 adipogenesis 当模特儿,并且提供机会在对 adipocyte 系的承诺以前学习阶段。他们也提供无价的卓见进人的棕色的脂肪的特征。 | Daniel L Morganstein Pensee Wu Meritxell R Mane Nick M Fisk Roger White Malcolm G Parker | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，4： | 5 |
| 19 | PEPT study of particle motion for different riser exit geometries显示文摘Laboratory and industrial risers are equipped with exits of many different layouts,and numerous publications discuss the influence of riser exit geometry on local and overall solids hydrodynamics in the riser.The present paper reviews literature findings-mostly based upon indirect experimental techniques and often somewhat contradictory.Direct measurement of particle velocity and particle occupancy near and in the riser exit provide a better indication of the effect of riser exit geometry.Positron Emission Particle Tracking(PEPT)was used in this work for the first time to investigate the exit region of the riser.An abrupt or sharp exit causes particles to be knocked out of the gas flow,so forming a recirculation or reflux region in the upper part of the riser.This is much less pronounced with a curved or gradual exit. | Chian Wen Chan Anke Brems Shiva Mahmoudi Jan Baeyens Jonathan Seville David Parker Thomas Leadbeater Joseph Gargiuli | 2010 | Particuology2010，8，6： | 5 |
| 20 | Positron emission particle tracking——Application and labelling techniques显示文摘The positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) technique has been widely used in science and engineering to obtain detailed information on the motion and flow fields of fluids or granular materials in multiphase systems, for example, fluids in rock cracks, chemical reactors and food processors; dynamic behaviour of granular materials in chemical reactors, granulators, mixers, dryers, rotating kilns and ball mills. The information obtained by the PEPT technique can be used to optimise the design, operational conditions for a wide range of industrial process systems, and to evaluate modelling work. The technique is based on tracking radioactively labelled particles (up to three particles) by detecting the pairs of back-to-back 511 keV -rays arising from annihilation of emitted positrons. It therefore involves a positron camera, location algorithms for calculating the tracer location and speed, and tracer labelling techniques. This paper will review the particle tracking technique from tracking algorithm, tracer labelling to their application. | David J. Parker | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，1： | 5 |
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