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| 1 | ERCP in acute pancreatitis:What takes place in routine clinical practice?显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the data from a survey carried out in Italy regarding the endoscopic approach to acute pancreatitis in order to obtain a picture of what takes place after the release of an educational project on acute pancreatitis sponsored by the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas.METHODS:Of the 1 173 patients enrolled in our survey,the most frequent etiological category was biliary forms(69.3%) and most patients had mild pancreatitis(85.8%).RESULTS:344/1 173(29.3%) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and ERCP was 6.7 ± 5.0 d;only 89 examinations(25.9%) were performed within 72 h from the onset of symptoms.The main indications for ERCP were suspicion of common bile duct stones(90.3%),jaundice(44.5%),clini cal worsening of acute pancreatitis(14.2%) and cho langitis(6.1%).Biliary and pancreatic ducts were visua lized in 305 patients(88.7%) and in 93 patients(27.0%) respectively.The success rate in obtaining a cholangio gram was statistically higher(P = 0.003) in patients with mild acute pancreatitis(90.6%) than in patients with severe disease(72.2%).Biliary endoscopic sphinc terotomy was performed in 295 of the 305 patients(96.7%) with no difference between mild and severe disease(P = 0.985).ERCP morbidity was 6.1% and mortality was 1.7%;the mortality was due to the complications of acute pancreatitis and not the endoscopic procedure.CONCLUSION:The results of this survey,as with those carried out in other countries,indicate a lack of compliance with the guidelines for the indications for interventional endoscopy. | Armando Gabbrielli Raffaele Pezzilli Generoso Uomo Alessandro Zerbi Luca Frulloni Paolo De Rai Laura Castoldi Guido Costamagna Claudio Bassi Valerio Di Carlo | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，9： | 14 |
| 2 | Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis: The position statement of the Italian Association for the study of the pancreas显示文摘 | R. Pezzilli G. Uomo A. Zerbi A. Gabbrielli L. Frulloni P. De Rai G. Delle Fave V. Di Carlo | 2008 | Digestive and Liver Disease2008，，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Review: Friction stir welding tools 显示文摘 | RAI R DE A BHADESHIA H K D DEBROY T | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Diagnostic assessment and outcome of acute pancreatitis in Italy: Results of a prospective multicentre study显示文摘 | G. Uomo R. Pezzilli A. Gabbrielli L. Castoldi A. Zerbi L. Frulloni P. De Rai G. Cavallini V. Di Carlo | 2007 | Digestive and Liver Disease2007，，9： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of various pretreatment methods on permeate flux and quality during ultrafiltration of mosambi juice显示文摘 | P Rai G C Majumdar S Das Gupta S De | 2007 | Journal of Food Engineering2007，78，： | 1 |
| 6 | MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or intefferen-α treatment 显示文摘 | de Wilde AH Rai VS Oudshooru D | 2013 | J Gen Virel2013，94，： | 1 |
| 7 | Review: friction stir welding tools显示文摘 | Rai R De A Bhadeshia H K D H | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Review-friction stir welding tools显示文摘 | RAI R DE A BHADESHIA H K D H DEBROY T | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Review:Friction stir welding tools显示文摘 | RAI R DE A BHADESHIA H K D H DEBROY T | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 10 | The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal显示文摘Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by 2020.The role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined globally.This study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in Nepal.Methods:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August 2018.One hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical costs.Catastrophic costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household income.The intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot method.The chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and costs.Meanwhile,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of diagnosis.Results:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF patients.The prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions:ACF can reduce patient-incurred costs substantially,contributing to the End TB Strategy target.Other synergistic policies,such as social protection,will also need to be implemented to reduce catastrophic costs to zero among TB-affected households. | Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki Deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha | 2019 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2019，8，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Noradrenergic modulation of hemiplegia:facilition and maintenance of recovery显示文摘 | Feeney DM De Smet AM Rai S | 2004 | Restor Neurosci2004，22，37： | 1 |
| 12 | Review:friction stir welding tools显示文摘 | Rai R De A Bhadeshia H K D H | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，： | 1 |
| 13 | Noradrenergic modulation of hemiplegia: facilitation and maintenance of recovery显示文摘 | Feeney DM De Smet AM Rai S | 2004 | Restor Neurol Neurosci2004，22，37： | 1 |
| 14 | Noradrenerglc modulation of hemiplegia:Facilitation and maintenance of recovery显示文摘 | FEENEY DM DE SMET AM RAI S | 2004 | Restor Neurel Neurosci2004，22，35： | 1 |
| 15 | Long term outcome ofacute pancreatitis in Italy:results of a multicentre study 显示文摘 | Castoldi L De Rai P Zerbi A | 2013 | Dig liver Dis2013，45，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum causing acute pancreatitis,CT scan diagnosis and review of the literature显示文摘 | De Rai P Castoldi L Tiberio G | 2000 | Dig Surg2000，17，： | 1 |
| 17 | Review: friction stir welding tools 显示文摘 | Rai R De A Bhadeshia H K Debroy T | 2011 | Science and Technology of Welding and Joining2011，16，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Intraluminal duodenal diverdculum-causing acute pancreatitis: CT scan diagnosis and review of theliterature 显示文摘 | De Rai P Castoldi L’Tiberio G | 2000 | Dig Surg2000，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | Long term outcome of acute pancreatitis in Italy:results of a multicentre study显示文摘 | CASTOLDI L DE RAI P ZERBI A | 2013 | Dig Liver Dis2013，45，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Cerebrovascular hypoperfusion:a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?Animal model and postmortem human studies显示文摘 | de Vos RAI Janssen-Steur E | 1997 | Ann NY Acad Sci1997，826，： | 1 |
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