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| 1 | Multi-scale phylogenetic structure in coastal dune plant communities across the globe显示文摘Aims Studies integrating phylogenetic history and large-scale community assembly are few,and many questions remain unanswered.Here,we use a global coastal dune plant data set to uncover the important factors in community assembly across scales from the local filtering processes to the global long-term diversification and dispersal dynamics.Coastal dune plant communities occur worldwide under a wide range of climatic and geologic conditions as well as in all biogeographic regions.However,global patterns in the phylogenetic composition of coastal dune plant communities have not previously been studied.Methods The data set comprised vegetation data from 18463 plots in New Zealand,South Africa,South America,North America and Europe.The phylogenetic tree comprised 2241 plant species from 149 families.We calculated phylogenetic clustering(Net Relatedness Index,NRI,and Nearest Taxon Index,NTI)of regional dune floras to estimate the amount of in situ diversification relative to the global dune species pool and evaluated the relative importance of land and climate barriers for these diversification patterns by geographic analyses of phylogenetic similarity.We then tested whether dune plant communities exhibit similar patterns of phylogenetic structure within regions.Finally,we calculated NRI for local communities relative to the regional species pool and tested for an association with functional traits(plant height and seed mass)thought to vary along sea–inland gradients.Important Findings Regional species pools were phylogenetically clustered relative to the global pool,indicating regional diversification.NTI showed stronger clustering than NRI pointing to the importance of especially recent diversifications within regions.The species pools grouped phylogenetically into two clusters on either side of the tropics suggesting greater dispersal rates within hemispheres than between hemispheres.Local NRI plot values confirmed that most communities were also phylogenetically clustered within regions.NRI values decreased with increasing plant height and seed mass,indicating greater phylogenetic clustering in communities with short maximum height and good dispersers prone to wind and tidal disturbance as well as salt spray,consistent with environmental filtering along sea–inland gradients.Height and seed mass both showed significant phylogenetic signal,and NRI tended to correlate negatively with both at the plot level.Low NRI plots tended to represent coastal scrub and forest,whereas high NRI plots tended to represent herb-dominated vegetation.We conclude that regional diversification processes play a role in dune plant community assembly,with convergence in local phylogenetic community structure and local variation in community structure probably reflecting consistent coastal-inland gradients.Our study contributes to a better understanding of the globally distributed dynamic coastal ecosystems and the structuring factors working on dune plant communities across spatial scales and regions. | Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Jeannine Cavender-Bares Wolf L.Eiserhardt Rasmus Ejrnæs Lonnie W.Aarssen Hannah L.Buckley Estelle Forey Florian Jansen Jens Kattge Cynthia Lane Roy A.Lubke Angela T.Moles Ana Laura Monserrat Robert K.Peet Julissa Roncal Louise Wootton Jens-Christian Svenning | 2014 | Journal of Plant Ecology2014，7，2： | 9 |
| 2 | Impact of mobile health and medical applications on clinical practice in gastroenterology显示文摘Mobile health apps (MHAs) and medical apps (MAs) are becoming increasinglypopular as digital interventions in a wide range of health-related applications inalmost all sectors of healthcare. The surge in demand for digital medical solutionshas been accelerated by the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods inthe current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This also applies to clinicalpractice in gastroenterology, which has, in many respects, undergone a recentdigital transformation with numerous consequences that will impact patients andhealth care professionals in the near future. MHAs and MAs are considered tohave great potential, especially for chronic diseases, as they can support the selfmanagementof patients in many ways. Despite the great potential associated withthe application of MHAs and MAs in gastroenterology and health care in general,there are numerous challenges to be met in the future, including both the ethicaland legal aspects of applying this technology. The aim of this article is to providean overview of the current status of MHA and MA use in the field ofgastroenterology, describe the future perspectives in this field and point out someof the challenges that need to be addressed. | Sven Kernebeck Theresa S Busse Maximilian D Bottcher Jurgen Weitz Jan Ehlers Ulrich Bork Didactics Educational Research in Health | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，29： | 2 |
| 3 | Emission from quantum-dot high-β microcavities: transition from spontaneous emission to lasing and the effects of superradiant emitter coupling显示文摘Measured and calculated results are presented for the emission properties of a new class of emitters operating in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime.The structures are based on high-finesse GaAs/AlAs micropillar cavities,each with an active medium consisting of a layer of InGaAs quantum dots(QDs)and the distinguishing feature of having a substantial fraction of spontaneous emission channeled into one cavity mode(highβ-factor).This paper demonstrates that the usual criterion for lasing with a conventional(lowβ-factor)cavity,that is,a sharp non-linearity in the input–output curve accompanied by noticeable linewidth narrowing,has to be reinforced by the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function to confirm lasing.The paper also shows that the equal-time second-order photon autocorrelation function is useful for recognizing superradiance,a manifestation of the correlations possible in high-βmicrocavities operating with QDs.In terms of consolidating the collected data and identifying the physics underlying laser action,both theory and experiment suggest a sole dependence on intracavity photon number.Evidence for this assertion comes from all our measured and calculated data on emission coherence and fluctuation,for devices ranging from light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and cavity-enhanced LEDs to lasers,lying on the same two curves:one for linewidth narrowing versus intracavity photon number and the other for g(2)(0)versus intracavity photon number. | Sören Kreinberg Weng W Chow Janik Wolters Christian Schneider Christopher Gies Frank Jahnke Sven Höfling Martin Kamp Stephan Reitzenstein 无 | 2017 | Light(Science & Applications)2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Tissue-specific transcriptional imprinting and heterogeneity in human innate lymphoid cells revealed by full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing显示文摘The impact of the microenvironment on innate lymphoid cell(ILC)-mediated immunity in humans remains largely unknown.Here we used full-length Smart-seq2 single-cell RNA-sequencing to unravel tissue-specific transcriptional profiles and heterogeneity of CD127+ILCs across four human tissues.Correlation analysis identified gene modules characterizing the migratory properties of tonsil and blood ILCs,and signatures of tissue-residency,activation and modified metabolism in colon and lung ILCs.Trajectory analysis revealed potential differentiation pathways from circulating and tissue-resident naïve ILCs to a spectrum of mature ILC subsets.In the lung we identified both CRTH2+and CRTH2−ILC2 with lung-specific signatures,which could be recapitulated by alarmin-exposure of circulating ILC2.Finally,we describe unique TCR-V(D)J-rearrangement patterns of blood ILC1-like cells,revealing a subset of potentially immature ILCs with TCR-δ rearrangement.Our study provides a useful resource for in-depth understanding of ILC-mediated immunity in humans,with implications for disease. | Luca Mazzurana Paulo Czarnewski Viktor Jonsson Leif Wigge Markus Ringnér Teresa CWilliams Avinash Ravindran Åsa KBjörklund Jesper Säfholm Gunnar Nilsson Sven-Erik Dahlén Ann-Charlotte Orre Mamdoh Al-Ameri Charlotte Höög Charlotte Hedin Sylwester Szczegielniak Sven Almer Jenny Mjösberg | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Repeated freeze–thaw cycles and their effects on biological processes in two arctic ecosystem types显示文摘 | Klaus S Larsen Sven Jonasson Anders Michelsen | 2002 | Applied Soil Ecology2002，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Synergistic enzyme mechanisms and effects of sequential enzyme additions on degradation of water insoluble wheat arabinoxylan显示文摘 | Sorensen Hanne R Pedersen Sven Meyer Anne S | 2007 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2007，40，4： | 1 |
| 7 | The effect of the quadratic gradient term on variable-rate well tests显示文摘 | Braeuning S Jelmert T A Sven A V | 1998 | Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering1998，21，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Mercury emission control in coal-fired plants: The role of wet scrubbers显示文摘 | Mercedes D S Sven U Klaus R G H | 2007 | Fuel Processing Technology2007，88，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization显示文摘 | SVEN P ANDREAS E BARBARA S | 2005 | J Clin Microbiol2005，43，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Lipid nanocarriers for dermal delivery of lutein:preparation,characterization,stability and performance显示文摘 | Khalil M Ranjita S Sven G | 2011 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2011，414，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Apoptosis induced by ischemia and reperfusion in experimental lung transplantation显示文摘 | Uz S Ariana G Sven H | 2000 | Ann Thorac Surg2000，69，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength and Power in an Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial显示文摘 | Rees Sven S Murphy Aron J Watsford Mark L | 2008 | Physical Therapy2008，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Mercury emission control in coal-fired plants:The role of wet scrubbers 显示文摘 | Mercedes D S Sven U Klaus R G H | 2007 | Fuel Processing Technology2007，88，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Mercury emis- sion control in coal-fired plants:the role of wet scrub- bers 显示文摘 | Mercedes D S Sven U Klaus R G H | 2007 | Fuel Processing Technology2007，88，3： | 1 |
| 15 | The effect of the quadratic gradient term on various welltests 显示文摘 | BRAEUNING S JELMERT T A SVEN A V | 1998 | Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering1998，21，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Random Forests as a Tool for Ecohydrological Distribution Modelling显示文摘 | Jan P Bernard D B Niko E C V Roeland S Sven D Piet D B Willy H | 2007 | Ecological Modelling2007，207，24： | 1 |
| 17 | Emergy, environ, exergy and ecological modelling显示文摘 | Sven Erik J?rgensen S?ren Nors Nielsen Henning Mejer | 1995 | Ecological Modelling1995，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Mercury emission control in coal-fired plants:The role of wet scrubbers显示文摘 | MERCEDES D S SVEN U HEIN K H G | 2007 | Fuel Process Technol2007，88，3： | 1 |
| 19 | The effect of the quadratic gradient term on variable-rate well- tests显示文摘 | BRAEUNING S JELMERT T A SVEN A V | 1998 | Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering1998，21，2： | 1 |
| 20 | MR ima-ging, single-photon emission CT, and neurocognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury显示文摘 | PAUL A M H SVEN Z S MARINUS J P G | 2001 | American Journal of Neuroradiology2001，22，3： | 1 |
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