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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 3 | Light-absorbing Particles in Snow and Ice: Measurement and Modeling of Climatic and Hydrological impact显示文摘Light absorbing particles(LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance(a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice(LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g.in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle. | Yun QIAN Teppei J.YASUNARI Sarah J.DOHERTY Mark G.FLANNER William K.M.LAU MING Jing Hailong WANG Mo WANG Stephen G.WARREN Rudong ZHANG | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，1： | 16 |
| 4 | Spatiotemporal variation of drought characteristics in the Huang- Huai-Hai Plain, China under the climate change scenario显示文摘Understanding the potential drought characteristics under climate change is essential to reduce vulnerability and establish adaptation strategies,especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(3 H Plain),which is a major grain production area in China. In this paper,we investigated the variations in drought characteristics(drought event frequency,duration,severity,and intensity) for the past 50 years(1961–2010) and under future scenarios(2010–2099),based on the observed meteorological data and the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 scenario,respectively. First,we compared the applicability of three climatic drought indices:the standardized precipitation index(SPI),the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index based on the Penman-Monteith equation(SPEI-PM) and the same index based on the Thornthwaite equation(SPEI-TH) to correlate the recorded agricultural drought areas. Then,we analyzed the drought characteristics using ‘run theory' for both historical and the future RCP 8.5 scenario based on the best performing index. Correlation analyses between drought indices and agricultural drought areas showed that SPEI-PM performed better than SPI and SPEI-TH in the 3 H Plain. Based on the results of SPEI-PM,drought risks including duration,severity and intensity during 1961–2010 showed an decreasing trend. However,under the RCP 8.5 scenario,drought is expected to rise in frequency,duration,severity,and intensity from 2010–2099,although drought components during the 2010–2039 are predicted to be milder compared with historical conditions. This study highlights that the estimations for atmospheric evaporative demand would create differences in the prediction of long-term drought trends by different drought indices. The results of this study can help inform researchers and local policy makers to establish drought management strategies. | LI Xiang-xiang JU Hui Sarah Garré YAN Chang-rong William D.Batchelor LIU Qin | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，10： | 6 |
| 5 | Improvement in Perioperative Outcome After Hepatic Resection: Analysis of 1,803 Consecutive Cases Over the Past Decade显示文摘 | William R. Jarnagin Mithat Gonen Yuman Fong Ronald P. DeMatteo Leah Ben-Porat Sarah Little Carlos Corvera Sharon Weber Leslie H. Blumgart | 2002 | Annals of Surgery2002，，4： | 5 |
| 6 | 慢性病儿童患者的体力活动(英文)显示文摘In the last two or three decades,physical activity(PA) has gained increasing recognition as being essential for maintaining good health and improving quality of life for all ages.Children have traditionally been active in both free play and organized sports.However,there has been a recent decline in the PA levels among children for various reasons.This lifestyle change has resulted in increased obesity accompanied by a rise in diabetes and cardiovascular risk among otherwise healthy children.These lifestyle changes have been shown to be even more a problem when the child is already affected by a chronic disease.Due to medical limitations and contraindications,much care must be taken to make certain that these children are involved in the appropriate volume and intensity of exercise.The type of activity must also be given careful consideration to avoid undue risk for the child who may have problems such as poor balance,limited strength,poor vision,or cognitive disability.Further complications are either caused or exacerbated by lack of sufficient PA.The priority beyond concern for safety should be focused on ensuring the highest quality of life possible.The purpose of this review is to examine how PA can benefit children with selected chronic health conditions. | William F. Riner Sarah Hunt Sellhorst | 2013 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2013，2，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Hospitalized prevalence and 5-year mortality for IBD:Record linkage study显示文摘AIM:To establish the hospitalized prevalence of severe Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) in Wales from 1999 to 2007;and to investigate long-term mortality after hospitalization and associations with social deprivation and other socio-demographic factors.METHODS:Record linkage of administrative inpatient and mortality data for 1467 and 1482 people hospitalised as emergencies for ≥ 3d for CD and UC,respectively.The main outcome measures were hospitalized prevalence,mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios for up to 5 years follow-up after hospitalization.RESULTS:Hospitalized prevalence was 50.1 per 100 000 population for CD and 50.6 for UC.The hospitalized prevalence of CD was significantly higher(P < 0.05) in females(57.4) than in males(42.2),and was highest in people aged 16-29 years,but the prevalence of UC was similar in males(51.0) and females(50.1),and increased continuously with age.The hospital-ized prevalence of CD was slightly higher in the most deprived areas,but there was no association between social deprivation and hospitalized prevalence of UC.Mortality was 6.8% and 14.6% after 1 and 5 years follow-up for CD,and 9.2% and 20.8% after 1 and 5 years for UC.For both CD and UC,there was little discernible association between mortality and social deprivation,distance from hospital,urban/rural residence and geography.CONCLUSION:CD and UC have distinct demographic profiles.The higher prevalence of hospitalized CD in more deprived areas may reflect higher prevalence and higher hospital dependency. | Lori A Button Stephen E Roberts Michael J Goldacre Ashley Akbari Sarah E Rodgers John G Williams | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，4： | 3 |
| 8 | Improvement in Perioperative Outcome After Hepatic Resection: Analysis of 1,803 Consecutive Cases Over the Past Decade显示文摘 | William R. Jarnagin Mithat Gonen Yuman Fong Ronald P. DeMatteo Leah Ben-Porat Sarah Little Carlos Corvera Sharon Weber Leslie H. Blumgart | 2002 | Annals of Surgery2002，，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Wnt4/β-Catenin Signaling Induces VSMC Proliferation and Is Associated With Intimal Thickening显示文摘 | Aikaterini Tsaousi Helen Williams Cressida A. Lyon Victoria Taylor Amanda Swain Jason L. Johnson Sarah J. George | 2011 | Circulation Research2011，，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘 | Sergey V. Kantsevoy Douglas G. Adler Jason D. Conway David L. Diehl Francis A. Farraye Richard Kwon Petar Mamula Sarah Rodriguez Raj J. Shah Louis Michel Wong Kee Song William M. Tierney | 2008 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2008，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5, 7 and pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a very poor prognosis. Recently, there has been a significant increase in research directed towards identifying potential biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and provide prognostic information for pancreatic cancer. These markers can be used clinically to optimize and personalize therapy for individual patients. In this review, we focused on 3 biomarkers involved in the DNA damage response pathway and the necroptosis pathway: Chromodomainhelicase-DNA binding protein 5, chromodomain-helicaseDNA binding protein 7, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The aim of this article is to review present literature provided for these biomarkers and current studies in which their effectiveness as prognostic biomarkers are analyzed in order to determine their future use as biomarkers in clinical medicine. Based on the data presented, these biomarkers warrant further investigation,and should be validated in future studies. | Crystal S Seldon Lauren E Colbert William A Hall Sarah B Fisher David S Yu Jerome C Landry | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Expression of Bcl-x L in ovarian carcinoma is associated with chemoresistance and recurrent disease显示文摘 | Jennifer Williams Peter C. Lucas Kent A. Griffith Milheon Choi Sarah Fogoros Yuan Yuan Hu J. Rebecca Liu | 2004 | Gynecologic Oncology2004，，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Safety and efficacy of total dose infusion of 1,020 mg of ferumoxytol administered over 15 min显示文摘 | Michael Auerbach William Strauss Sarah Auerbach Stella Rineer Huzefa Bahrain | 2013 | Am J Hematol2013，，11： | 2 |
| 14 | Blockade of PD1 and TIM3 Restores Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis显示文摘 | Lee J.L. Markwick Antonio Riva Jennifer M. Ryan Helen Cooksley Elena Palma Tom H. Tranah Godhev K. Manakkat Vijay Nikhil Vergis Mark Thursz Alex Evans Gavin Wright Sarah Tarff John O’Grady Roger Williams Debbie L. Shawcross Shilpa Chokshi | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，： | 2 |
| 15 | Novel frameshift mutation in the SACS gene causing spastic ataxia of charlevoix-saguenay in a consanguineous family from the Arabian Peninsula:A case report and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Familial cases of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of charlevoix-saguenay have not been reported in the Arabian Peninsula,although the consanguineous marriage rate is very high.We report the first family from the Arabian Peninsula harboring a novel frameshift mutation in the SACS gene.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old man presented to our neurology clinic with balance problems and weakness of distal upper and lower limbs.He was previously clinically diagnosed with Friedreich's ataxia.However,the severity of polyneuropathy and the electrodiagnostic studies(EDX)findings are atypical features of Friedreich’s ataxia,and the deterioration was attributed to diabetic neuropathy.Close examination of other family members identified cerebellar ataxia,lower-limb pyramidal signs,peripheral neuropathy,and magnetic resonance imaging findings characterized by pontine linear hypointensities.Genetic testing for Friedreich’s ataxia did not yield a diagnosis.Whole exome sequencing identified a novel frameshift germline mutation in the SACS gene termed c.5824_5827delTACT using the transcript NM_014363.5,which is predicted to cause premature termination of the sacsin protein at amino acid position 1942(p.Tyr1942Metfs*9)and disrupts the sacsin SRR3 and domains downstream from it.The mutation segregated with the disease in the family.CONCLUSION Our data add to the spectrum of mutations in the SACS gene and argues for a need to implement suitably integrated clinical and diagnostic services,including next generation sequencing technology,to better classify ataxia in this area of the world. | Abdullah Al-Ajmi Sarah Shamsah Aleksandar Janicijevic Michayla Williams Fahd Al-Mulla | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2020，8，8： | 2 |
| 16 | Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review显示文摘 | Sarah E Vermeer William T Longstreth Peter J Koudstaal | 2007 | Lancet Neurology2007，，7： | 2 |
| 17 | Endocytoscopy显示文摘 | Richard S. Kwon Louis-Michel Wong Kee Song Douglas G. Adler Jason D. Conway David L. Diehl Francis A. Farraye Sergey V. Kantsevoy Vivek Kaul Sripathi R. Kethu Petar Mamula Marcos C. Pedrosa Sarah A. Rodriguez William M. Tierney | 2009 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2009，，4： | 2 |
| 18 | Hollow silica and silica-boron nano/microparticles for contrast-enhanced ultrasound to detect small tumors显示文摘 | Alexander Liberman H. Paul Martinez Casey N. Ta Christopher V. Barback Robert F. Mattrey Yuko Kono Sarah L. Blair William C. Trogler Andrew C. Kummel Zhe Wu | 2012 | Biomaterials2012，，20： | 1 |
| 19 | Aldosterone signaling through transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel (TRPM7) and its α-kinase domain显示文摘 | Alvaro Yogi Glaucia E. Callera Sarah O’Connor Tayze T. Antunes William Valinsky Perrine Miquel Augusto C.I. Montezano Anne-Laure Perraud Carsten Schmitz Alvin Shrier Rhian M. Touyz | 2013 | Cellular Signalling2013，，： | 1 |
| 20 | A prescription for clinical immunology: the pills are available and ready for testing. A review显示文摘 | William Parker Sarah E. Perkins Matthew Harker Michael P. Muehlenbein | 2012 | Current Medical Research & Opinion2012，，7： | 1 |
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