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| 1 | Caspase-3 activation as a bifurcation point between plasticity and cell death显示文摘Death-mediating proteases such as caspases and caspase-3 in particular,have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes,aging and Alzheimer's disease.However,emerging evidence suggests that in addition to their classical role in cell death,caspases play a key role in modulating synaptic function.It is remarkable that active caspases-3,which can trigger widespread damage and degeneration,aggregates in structures as delicate as synapses and persists in neurons without causing acute cell death.Here,we evaluate this dichotomy,and discuss the hypothesis that caspase-3 may be a bifurcation point in cellular signaling,able to orient the neuronal response to stress down either pathological/apoptotic pathways or towards physiological cellular remodeling.We propose that temporal,spatial and other regulators of caspase activity are key determinants of the ultimate effect of caspase-3 activation in neurons.This concept has implications for differential roles of caspase-3 activation across the lifespan.Specifically,we propose that limited caspase-3 activation is critical for synaptic function in the healthy adult brain while chronic activation is involved in degenerative processes in the aging brain. | Shikha Snigdha Erica D Smith G Aleph Prieto Carl W Cotman | 2012 | Neuroscience Bulletin2012，28，1： | 91 |
| 2 | Analysis of the phosphatidylinosit ol 3'-kinase signaling pathway in glioblastoma patients in vivo显示文摘Deregulated signaling through the p hosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)pathway is common in many types of can cer,including glioblastoma.Dissecting the molecular events associated with activation of this pathway in glioblastoma p atients in vivo presents an important challenge that has implic ations for the development and clini cal testing of PI3K pathway inhibito rs.Using an immunohistochemical analysis appl ied to a tissue microarray,we performed hierarchical clustering and mul tidimensional scaling,as well as univariate and multivariate analyses,to dissect the PI3K pathway in v ivo.We demonstrate that loss of the t umor suppressor protein PTEN,which antagonizes PI3K pathwa y activation,is highly correlated w ith activation of the main PI3K effec tor Akt in vivo.We also show that Akt activation is signific antly correlated with phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),the family of forkhead transcription factors(FOXO1,FOXO3a,and FOXO4),and S6,which are thought to promote its effects.Expression of the mutan t epidermal growth factor receptor vIII is also tightly correlated with phosphorylation of these effectors,d emonstrating an additional route to PI3K pathway activation in glioblastomas in vivo.These results provide the first dissection of the PI3K path way in glioblastoma in vivo and suggest an approach to stratifying patients for targeted kinase inhi bitor | Choe G Horvath S Cloughesy TF Crosby K Seligson D Palotie A Inge L Smith BL Sawyers CL Mischel PS | 2003 | 癌症2003，22，7： | 41 |
| 3 | Cellular and molecular aspects of gastric cancer显示文摘胃的癌症与变的负担仍然是一个全球杀手从发展了到发展中的世界。癌症沿着被定义由的一个多级式的过程发展不同组织学并且 pathophysiological 阶段。几基因、渐成说的改变调停从一个的转变上演到另外一个,这些在 oncogenes 包括变化,瘤压制或基因和房间骑车并且错配修理基因。在对胃的癌症的战斗的最重要的进展为这癌症作为最重要的获得的病因论的代理人与 Helicobacter pylori (H pylori ) 的角色的识别来了。最近的工作在阐明上集中了位于肿瘤的过程下面的复杂 host/microbial 相互作用。现在进这癌症的致病和阻止并且根除的前景有可观的卓见疾病成为了现实。也许更重要地, H 导致 pylori 的胃的致癌作用的学习为理解更复杂的人的癌症提供一个范例。在这评论,我们检验位于 H 下面的分子、细胞的事件导致 pylori 的胃的癌症。 | Malcolm G Smith Georgina L Hold Eiichi Tahara Emad M El-Omar | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，19： | 29 |
| 4 | 局灶节段透明变性及硬化在判断IgA肾病预后中的意义显示文摘目的 探讨IgA肾病 (IgAN)进展为慢性肾功能不全 (CRI)的病理学危险因素。方法 对 6 40例经肾活检确诊的IgAN病人进行平均 5 3个月的追踪观察。用病例对照法研究所有病人的病理学资料 ,同时还对其中 2 0 4例活检当时肾功能正常 ,5年后发展为CRI或终末期肾功能衰竭(ESRF) (n =18)以及 5年后肾功能仍保持正常 (n =186 )的病例进行了比较。结果 弥漫性系膜增生型 (DMP)为最常见的病理型 ,占 5 0 %。 / 间质纤维化 ,>40 %硬化肾小球 , / 血管病变 ,局灶节段透明变性及硬化 (FSHS)的均为预测肾功能恶化的危险因素 ,其中FSHS的意义更大 (P <0 0 0 0 1)。结论 FSHS的存在是IgAN病人正常肾功能进展恶化的显著指标。 | 严海东 Packham D Kincaid Smith P Becker G 周希静 | 1999 | 中华肾脏病杂志1999，15，5： | 20 |
| 5 | 绝缘门极双极晶体管的弧焊逆变器显示文摘介绍了采用绝缘门极双极晶体管(IGBT)作为开关元件的弧焊逆变器.论述了其工作原理,IGBT的特点,以及使用莱姆电流传感器实现的电流反馈系统.并通过效率、功率因数的测定及工艺试验表明,所研制的IGBT弧焊逆变器是一种节能、轻便、很有发展前途的逆变电源. | 王志强 黄石生 伍月华 G A Smith | 1992 | 焊接学报1992，13，1： | 7 |
| 6 | PNPLA3、TM6SF2和HSD17B13变异体对普通人群肝硬化和肝癌患病风险的综合影响显示文摘【据Hepatology 2020年3月报道】PNPLA3、TM6SF2和HSD17B13变异体对普通人群肝硬化和肝癌患病风险的综合影响(作者Gellert-Kristensen H等)作者假设脂肪肝的遗传风险评分(GRS)可影响肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)的患病风险。来自丹麦的Gellert-Kristensen等将3种遗传变异[含patatin样磷脂酶结构域蛋白3(PNPLA3)p.I148M;跨膜6,超家族成员2(TM6SF2)p.E167K;以及羟基类固醇17-β脱氢酶13(HSD17B13)rs72613567]组成危险因素评分(等位基因为0到6个). | 朱倩 牛俊奇 GELLERT-KRISTENSEN H RICHARDSON TG DAVEY SMITH G | 2020 | 临床肝胆病杂志2020，36，10： | 6 |
| 7 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9472)2005，，9472： | 6 |
| 8 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 9 | Screening Helicobacter pylori genes induced during infection of mouse stomachs显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of in vivo environment on gene expression in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) as it relates to its survival in the host.METHODS:In vivo expression technology(IVET) systems are used to identify microbial virulence genes.We modified the IVET-transcriptional fusion vector,pIVET8,which uses antibiotic resistance as the basis for selection of candidate genes in host tissues to develop two unique IVET-promoter-screening vectors,pIVET11 and pIVET12.Our novel IVET systems were developed by the fusion of random Sau3A DNA fragments of H.pylori and a tandem-reporter system of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-galactosidase.Additionally,each vector contains a kanamycin resistance gene.We used a mouse macrophage cell line,RAW 264.7 and mice,as selective media to identify specific genes that H.pylori expresses in vivo.Gene expression studies were conducted by infecting RAW 264.7 cells with H.pylori.This was followed by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to determine the relative expression levels of in vivo induced genes.RESULTS:In this study,we have identified 31 in vivo induced(ivi) genes in the initial screens.These 31 genes belong to several functional gene families,including several well-known virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium in infected mouse stomachs.Virulence factors,vacA and cagA,were found in this screen and are known to play important roles in H.pylori infection,colonization and pathogenesis.Their detection validates the efficacy of these screening systems.Some of the identified ivi genes have already been implicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of H.pylori and other bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.Transcription profiles of allivi genes were confirmed by real time PCR analysis of H.pylori RNA isolated from H.pylori infected RAW 264.7 macrophages.We compared the expression profile of H.pylori and RAW 264.7 coculture with that of H.pylori only.Some genes such as cag A,vac A,lpx C,mur I,tlp C,trx B,sod B,tnp B,pgi,rbf A and inf B showed a 2-20 fold upregulation.Statistically significant upregulation was obtained for all the above mentioned genes(P < 0.05).tlp C,cag A,vac A,sod B,rbf A,inf B,tnp B,lpx C and mur I were also significantly upregulated(P < 0.01).These data suggest a strong correlation between results obtained in vitro in the macrophage cell line and in the intact animal.CONCLUSION:The positive identification of these genes demonstrates that our IVET systems are powerful tools for studying H.pylori gene expression in the host environment. | Aparna Singh Nathaniel Hodgson Ming Yan Jungsoo Joo Lei Gu Hong Sang Emmalena Gregory-Bryson William G Wood Yisheng Ni Kimberly Smith Sharon H Jackson William G Coleman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 5 |
| 10 | Divalent metal transporter, iron, and Parkinson's disease: A pathological relationship显示文摘 | Hyun-pil Lee Xiongwei Zhu Gang Liu Shu G Chen George Perry Mark A Smith Hyoung-gon Lee | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | The Lancet2005，，9472： | 4 |
| 12 | 甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织中DNA的降解情况显示文摘 | 田子强 刘俊峰 王贵英 Eric Smith Paul Drew David Watson Glyn G Jamieson | 2004 | 中华病理学杂志2004，33，3： | 4 |
| 13 | HIGH-ENERGY IONS PRODUCED IN EXPLOSIONS OF SUPERHEATED ATOMIC CLUSTERS显示文摘 | T Ditmire J W G Tisch E Springate M B Mason N Hay R A Smith J Marangos and M H R Hutchinson | | 0，，： | 4 |
| 14 | FRP-Strengthened RC beams( I ):Review of debonding strength models 显示文摘 | Smith S T Teng J G | 2002 | Engineering Structures2002，，24： | 2 |
| 15 | Pedicle Morphology In Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is Pedicle Fixation an Anatomically Viable Technique?显示文摘 | Michael F O’Brien Lawrence G Lenke Steven Mardjetko Thomas G Lowe Yinong Kong Kevin Eck David Smith | 2000 | Spine2000，，18： | 2 |
| 16 | Restriction fragment length polymorphism evaluation of six peanut species within the Arachis section显示文摘 | Paik Ro O G Smith R L Knauft D A | 1992 | Theor Appl Genet1992，84，： | 2 |
| 17 | Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Pierre J Guillou Philip Quirke Helen Thorpe Joanne Walker David G Jayne Adrian MH Smith Richard M Heath Julia M Brown | 2005 | 2005 (9472)2005，，9472： | 2 |
| 18 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Emergence and epidemic occurrence of enterovirus 68 respiratory infections in The Netherlands in 2010显示文摘 | Adam Meijer Sabine van der Sanden Bianca E.P. Snijders Giovanna Jaramillo-Gutierrez Louis Bont Cornelis K. van der Ent Pieter Overduin Shireen L. Jenny Edin Jusic Harrie G.A.M. van der Avoort Gavin J.D. Smith Gé A. Donker Marion P.G. Koopmans | 2011 | Virology2011，，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Pentraxin binding to isolated rat liver nuclei显示文摘 | Shephard E G Smith P J Coetzee S | 1991 | Biochem J1991，279，1： | 2 |
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