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| 1 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know显示文摘Granulocyte 巨噬细胞刺激殖民地的因素(GM-CSF ) 是一个重要造血的生长因素和有免疫力的调节的人。GM-CSF 也在各种各样的传播白血球的功能的活动有深刻效果。它被许多房间类型在收到有免疫力的刺激之上包括 T 房间,巨噬细胞, endothelial 房间和成纤维细胞生产。尽管 GM-CSF 局部地被生产,它能以一种 paracrine 方式行动到在主人防卫提高他们的功能的成员传播 neutrophils,单核白血球和淋巴细胞。最近的集中的调查为它增加树枝状的房间(DC ) 成熟和功能以及巨噬细胞活动的能力作为一个有免疫力的助手在 GM-CSF 的应用程序上被集中。在经历化疗的癌症病人对待嗜中性白血球减少症临床上被使用,在在治疗期间的爱滋病病人,并且在在骨髓移植以后的病人。有趣地, GM-CSF-deficient 老鼠的造血的系统看起来正常;最重要的变化在一些特定的 T 房间回答。尽管 GM-CSF 的分子的克隆用 T 房间的 cDNA 图书馆被执行, T 房间在激活以后生产 GM-CSF,是众所周知的,在 T 房间功能上有在由 T 房间和它的效果的生产的这 cytokine 的系统的调查的缺乏。在这篇文章,我们将在 T 房间主要集中于 GM-CSF 的免疫生物学。 | Yufang Shi Catherine H Liu Arthur I Roberts Jyoti Das Guangwu Xu Guangwen Ren Yingyu Zhang Liying Zhang Zeng Rong Yuan Hung Sheng William Tan Gobardhan Das Satish Devadas | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，2： | 22 |
| 2 | 三级高血压单位5100例患者低血钾症与原发性醛固酮增多症的发病率显示文摘常伴有低血钾症的原发性醛固酮增多症(原醛)被认为是一个少见病。广泛筛查高血压患者发现正常血钾的原醛发生率增加。许多研究报道原醛低血钾症的发生率,相反,低血钾症患者中原醛的发生率并不明确。在该回顾性观察研究,研究者探讨了高血压患者中低钾的发生率以及低血钾症合并高血压患者中原醛的发生率。 | 赵狄(译) 刘莉(审校) Burrello J Monticone S Losano I Cavaglià G Buffolo F Tetti M Covella M Rabbia F Veglio F Pasini B Williams TA Mulatero P | 2020 | 中华高血压杂志2020，28，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Stem cell therapy and diabetic erectile dysfunction:A critical review显示文摘Erectile dysfunction(ED)has been identified as one of the most frequent chronic complications of diabetes mellitus(DM).The prevalence of ED is estimated to be about 67.4%in all DM cases worldwide.The pathophysiological process leading to ED involves endothelial,neurological,hormonal,and psychological factors.In DM,endothelial and neurological factors play a crucial role.Damages in the blood vessels and erectile tissue due to insulin resistance are the hallmark of ED in DM.The current treatments for ED include phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and penile prosthesis surgery.However,these treatments are limited in terms of just relieving the symptoms,but not resolving the cause of the problem.The use of stem cells for treating ED is currently being studied mostly in experimental animals.The stem cells used are derived from adipose tissue,bone,or human urine.Most of the studies observed an improvement in erectile quality in the experimental animals as well as an improvement in erectile tissue.However,research on stem cell therapy for ED in humans remains to be limited.Nevertheless,significant findings from studies using animal models indicate a potential use of stem cells in the treatment of ED. | Cennikon Pakpahan Raditya Ibrahim William William Zakiyatul Faizah Juniastuti Juniastuti Maria I Lusida Delvac Oceandy | 2021 | World Journal of Stem Cells2021，13，10： | 6 |
| 4 | Urinary nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a Bangladeshi cohort with hepatitis-B hepatocellular carcinoma: A biomarker corroboration study显示文摘AIM: To establish if a distinct urinary metabolic profile could be identified in Bangladeshi hepatitis-B hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients compared to cirrhosis patients and controls. METHODS: Urine samples from 42 Bangladeshi patients with HCC(39 patients with hepatitis-B HCC), 47 with cirrhosis on a background of hepatitis B, 46 with chronic hepatitis B, and seven ethnically-matched healthy controls were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. A full dietary and medication history was recorded for each subject. The urinary NMR data were analyzed using principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial leastsquared discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) techniques. Differences in relative signal levels of the most discriminatory metabolites identified by PCA and OPLSDA were compared between subject groups using an independent samples Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) test with all pairwise multiple comparisons. Within the patient subgroups, the MannWhitney U test was used to compare metabolite levels depending on hepatitis B e-antigen(HBe Ag) status and treatment with anti-viral therapy. A BenjaminiHochberg adjustment was applied to acquire the level of significance for multiple testing, with a declared level of statistical significance of P < 0.05.RESULTS: There were significant differences in age(P < 0.001), weight(P < 0.001), and body mass index(P < 0.001) across the four clinical subgroups. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was significantly higher in the HCC group compared to controls(P < 0.001); serum α-fetoprotein was generally markedly elevated in HCC compared to controls; and serum creatinine levels were significantly reduced in the HCC group compared to the cirrhosis group(P = 0.004). A threefactor PCA scores plot showed clustering of the urinary NMR spectra from the four subgroups. Metabolites that contributed to the discrimination between the subgroups included acetate, creatine, creatinine, dimethyamine(DMA), formate, glycine, hippurate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO). A comparison of relative metabolite levels confirmed that carnitine was significantly increased in HCC; and creatinine, hippurate, and TMAO were significantly reduced in HCC compared to the other subgroups. HBe Ag negative patients showed a significant increase in creatinine(P = 0.001) compared to HBe Ag positive patients in the chronic hepatitis B subgroup, whilst HBe Ag negative patients showed a significant decrease in DMA(P = 0.004) in the cirrhosis subgroup compared to HBe Ag positive patients. There were no differences in metabolite levels in HCC patients who did or did not receive antiviral treatment. CONCLUSION: Urinary NMR changes in Bangladeshi HCC were identified, corroborating previous findings from Egypt and West Africa. These findings could form the basis for the development of a cost-effective HCC dipstick screening test. | I Jane Cox Abil E Aliev Mary ME Crossey Mahvish Dawood Mamun Al-Mahtab Sheikh M Akbar Salimur Rahman Antonio Riva Roger Williams Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，16： | 4 |
| 5 | Genome-level analysis of genetic regulation of liver gene expression networks显示文摘 | Gatti, D Maki, A Chesler, EJ Kirova, R Kosyk, O Lu, L Williams, RW Perkins, A Langston, MA Threadgill, DW Rusyn, I | 2007 | 中国生物学文摘2007，21，11： | 3 |
| 6 | Target coverage for head and neck cancers treated with IMRT: review of clinical experiences显示文摘 | Adam S Garden William H Morrison David I Rosenthal K.S.Clifford Chao K.Kian Ang | 2004 | Seminars in Radiation Oncology2004，，： | 2 |
| 7 | Fluctuation of visual analog scale pain scores and opioid consumption before and after total hip arthroplasty显示文摘BACKGROUND Patients who undergo orthopedic procedures are often given excess opioid medication.Understanding the relationship between pain and opioid consumption following total hip arthroplasty(THA)is key to creating safe and effective opioid prescribing guidelines.AIM To evaluate the association between the quantity of opioid consumption in relation to pain scores both pre-and postoperatively in patients undergoing primary THA.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent primary THA from November 2018-May 2019 and answered both the visual analog scale(VAS)pain and opioid medication questionnaires pre-and postoperatively.Both surveys were delivered daily for 7-days before surgery through the first 30 postoperative days.Survey results were divided into preoperative,postoperative days 1-7,postoperative days 8-14,and postoperative days 15-30 for analysis.Mean opioid pill consumption and VAS pain scores in each time period were determined and compared to patients’preoperative status using hierarchical Poisson and linear regressions,respectively.RESULTS There were 105 patients included.Mean VAS pain scores were the highest preoperatively 7.41±1.72.However,VAS pain scores significantly declined in each successive postoperative category compared to preoperative scores:postoperative day 1-7(5.07±1.79;P<0.001),postoperative day 8-14(3.60±1.64;P<0.001),and postoperative day 15-30(3.15±1.63;P<0.001).Mean opioid pill consumption preoperatively was 0.68±1.29 pills.Compared to preoperative opioid consumption,opioid use was significantly greater between postoperative days 1-7(1.51±1.58;P=0.001)and postoperative days 8-14(1.00±1.27;P=0.043).Opioid consumption declined below preoperative levels between postoperative days 15-30(0.35±0.72;P=0.160)which correlates with a VAS pain score of 3.15.CONCLUSION All patients experienced significant benefit and pain relief from having undergone THA.Average postoperative opioid consumption decreased below preoperative consumption between postoperative days 15-30,which was associated with a VAS pain score of 3.15.These results can be used to appropriately guide opioid prescribing practices and set patient expectations regarding pain management following THA. | Vivek Singh Alex Tang Thomas Bieganowski Utkarsh Anil William Macaulay Ran Schwarzkopf Roy I Davidovitch | 2022 | World Journal of Orthopedics2022，13，8： | 2 |
| 8 | Chemical vapor deposition of Si nanowires nucleated by TiSi2 islands on Si显示文摘 | Kamins T I Stanley Williams R Chang Y L | 2000 | Appl Phys Lett2000，76，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Mary Eapen Vanderson Rocha Guillermo Sanz Andromachi Scaradavou Mei-Jie Zhang William Arcese Anne Sirvent Richard E Champlin Nelson Chao Adrian P Gee Luis Isola Mary J Laughlin David I Marks Samir Nabhan Annalisa Ruggeri Robert Soiffer Mary M Horowitz Eli | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，7： | 2 |
| 10 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 11 | A cute stress cardiomyopathy following treatment of sta tus asthmaticus显示文摘 | OSUORJI I WILLIAMS C HESSNEY J | 2009 | South Med J2009，102，： | 1 |
| 12 | Dailydialyses decrease plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),a biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction 显示文摘 | Odar-Cederlof I Bjellemp P Williams A etal | 2006 | Hemodial Int2006，10，4： | 1 |
| 13 | GTM: The generative topographic mapping显示文摘 | Bishop C M Svensen M Williams C K I | 1998 | Neural Computation1998，10，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The effect of aggregate concentration upon the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete显示文摘 | STOCK A F HANNANT D J WILLIAMS R I T | 1979 | Magazine of Concrete Research1979，31，109： | 1 |
| 15 | Why Older PeopleDo Not Participate in Leisure Time Physical Activity:aSurvey of Activity Levels,Beliefs and Deterrents显示文摘 | Crombie I K Irvine L Williams B | 2004 | Ageand Ageing2004，33，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Evidence for a causal role of low energy availability in the induction of menstrual cycle disturbances during strenuous exercise training显示文摘 | Nancy I Williams Dana L Helmreich David B Parfitt | 2001 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001，86，： | 1 |
| 17 | A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen is associated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcription in vitro显示文摘 | Inoue I Nakajima T Williams CS | 1997 | J Clin Invest1997，99，： | 1 |
| 18 | Exercise and lymphocyte activation following chemotherapy for breast cancer显示文摘 | Hutnick N A Williams N I Kraemer W J | 2005 | Med Sci Sports Exerc2005，37，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Inhaled nanoparticles: a current review显示文摘 | YANG Wei PETERS J I WILLIAMS R O | 2008 | International Journal of pharmaceutics2008，356，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Salt dependence of the elasticity and overstretching transition of single DNA molecules 显示文摘 | WENNER J R WILLIAMS M C ROUZINA I | 2002 | Biophys J2002，82，： | 1 |
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