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| 1 | Use of portal pressure studies in the management of variceal haemorrhage显示文摘Portal hypertension occurs as a complication of liver cirrhosis and complications such as variceal bleeding lead to significant demands on resources. Endoscopy is the gold standard method for screening cirrhotic patients however universal endoscopic screening may mean a lot of unnecessary procedures as the presence of oesophageal varices is variable hence a large time and cost burden on endoscopy units to carry out both screening and subsequent follow up of variceal bleeds. A less invasive method to identify those at high risk of bleeding would allow earlier prophylactic measures to be applied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is an acceptable indirect measurement of portal hypertension and predictor of the complications of portal hypertension in adult cirrhotics. Varices develop at a HVPG of 10-12 mmHg with the appearance of other complications with HPVG > 12 mmHg. Variceal bleeding does not occur in pressures under 12 mmHg. HPVG > 20 mmHg measured early after admission is a significant prognostic indicator of failure to control bleeding varices, indeed early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in such circumstances reduces mortality significantly. HVPG can be used to identify responders to medical therapy. Patients who do not achieve the suggested reduction targets in HVPG have a high risk of rebleeding despite endoscopic ligation and may not derive significant overall mortality benefit from endoscopic intervention alone, ultimately requiring TIPS or liver transplantation. Early HVPG measurements following a variceal bleed can help to identify those at risk of treatment failure who may benefit from early intervention with TIPS. Therefore, we suggest using HVPG measurement as the investigation of choice in those with confirmed cirrhosis in place of endoscopy for intitial variceal screening and, where indicated, a trial of B-blockade, either intravenously during the initial pressure study with assessment of response or oral therapy with repeat HVPG six weeks later. In those with elevated pressures, primary medical prophylaxis could be commenced with subsequent close monitoring of HVPG thus negating the need for endoscopy at this point. All patients presenting with variceal haemorrhage should undergo HVPG measurement and those with a gradient greater than 20 mmHg should be considered for early TIPS. By introducing portal pressure studies into a management algorithm for variceal bleeding, the number of endoscopies required for further intervention and follow up can be reduced leading to significant savings in terms of cost and demand on resources. | Jennifer Addley Tony CK Tham William Jonathan Cash | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，7： | 37 |
| 2 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 3 | 单程高增益1.9μm光纤气体拉曼激光器显示文摘报道了基于空心光子晶体光纤中氢气分子振动受激拉曼散射(SRS)的单程高增益1.9μm光纤气体激光器。用一个线偏振1064nm亚纳秒脉冲微芯激光器抽运一段长6.5m、充高压氢气的低损耗负曲率空心光纤,实现了到氢气分子一级振动斯托克斯波1907nm的有效转换。气压为2.3MPa时最大能量转换效率大于27%,相应的量子转换效率大于48%,激光平均功率约为10mW,峰值功率大于2000W。为实现高功率、窄线宽、大范围调谐的紧凑型中红外光纤激光器提供了一条潜在的有效途径。 | 王泽锋 于飞 William J Wadsworth Jonathan C Knight | 2014 | 光学学报2014，34，8： | 15 |
| 4 | Factors associated with time to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘AIM: To determine patient and process of care factors associated with performance of timely laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 88 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis was conducted. Data collected included demographic data, co-morbidities, symptoms and physical findings at presentation, laboratory and radiological investigations, length of stay, complications, and admission service (medical or surgical). Patients not undergoing cholecystectomy during this hospitalization were excluded from analysis. Hierarchical generalized linear models were constructed to assess the association of pre-operative diagnostic procedures, presenting signs, and admitting service with time to surgery.RESULTS: Seventy cases met inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which 12 were admitted to the medical service and 58 to the surgical service. Mean ± SD time to surgery was 39.3 ± 43 h, with 87% of operations performed within 72 h of hospital arrival. In the adjusted models, longer time to surgery was associated with number of diagnostic studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP, P = 0.01) as well with admission to medical service without adjustment for ERCP (P < 0.05). Patients undergoing both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT) scans experienced the longest waits for surgery. Patients admitted to the surgical versus medical service underwent surgery earlier (30.4 ± 34.9 vs 82.7 ± 55.1 h, P < 0.01), had less post-operative complications (12% vs 58%, P < 0.01), and shorter length of stay (4.3 ± 3.4 vs 8.1 ± 5.2 d, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Admission to the medical service and performance of numerous diagnostic procedures, ERCP, or MRCP combined with CT scan were associated with longer time to surgery. Expeditious performance of ERCP and MRCP and admission of medically stable patients with suspected cholecystitis to the surgical service to speed up time to surgery should be considered. | Chris N Daniak David Peretz Jonathan M Fine Yun Wang Alan K Meinke William B Hale | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 13 |
| 5 | Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Where do we stand?显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences providing qualitative as well as quantitative information at a cellular level. It has been widely used for various applications in the central nervous system. Over the past decade, various extracranial applications of DWI have been increasingly explored, as it may detect changes even before signal alterations or morphological abnormalities become apparent on other pulse sequences. Initial results from abdominal MRI applications are promising, particularly in oncological settings and for the detection of abscesses. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinically relevant basic concepts of DWI, techniques to perform abdominal DWI, its analysis and applications in abdominal visceral MR imaging, in addition to a brief overview of whole body DWI MRI. | Ajaykumar C Morani Khaled M Elsayes Peter S Liu William J Weadock Janio Szklaruk Jonathan Russell Dillman Asra Khan Thomas L Chenevert Hero K Hussain | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，3： | 12 |
| 6 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Interleukin-28B Polymorphism Improves Viral Kinetics and Is the Strongest Pretreatment Predictor of Sustained Virologic Response in Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus显示文摘 | Alexander J. Thompson Andrew J. Muir Mark S. Sulkowski Dongliang Ge Jacques Fellay Kevin V. Shianna Thomas Urban Nezam H. Afdhal Ira M. Jacobson Rafael Esteban Fred Poordad Eric J. Lawitz Jonathan McCone Mitchell L. Shiffman Greg W. Galler William M. Lee | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case report显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs with a reported frequency of 12%-18% after liver transplantation. Recurrence is associated with a mortality rate exceeding 75%. Approximately one-third of recurrences develop in the transplanted liver and are therefore amenable to local therapy. A variety of treatment modalities have been reported including resection, transarterial chemo- embolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol ablation, cryoablation, and external beam irradiation. Goals of treatment are tumor control and the minimization of toxic effect to functional parenchyma. Efficacy of treatment is mitigated by the need for ongoing immunosuppression. Yttrium-90 microspheres have been used as a treatment modality both for primary HCC and for pre-transplant management of HCC with promising results. Twenty-two months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by HCC, a 42-year old man developed recurrence of HCC in his transplant allograft. Treatment of multiple right lobe lesions with anatomic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Multifocal recurrence in the remaining liver allograft was treated with hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres, Sirtex Medica Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA). Efficacy was demonstrated by tumor necrosis on imaging and a decrease in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. There were no adverse consequences of initial treatment. | Louis Rivera Huan Giap William Miller Jonathan Fisher Donald J Hillebrand Christopher Marsh Randolph L Schaffer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 6 |
| 9 | HLA-Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and High-Dose, Posttransplantation Cyclophosphamide显示文摘 | Leo Luznik Paul V. O'Donnell Heather J. Symons Allen R. Chen M. Susan Leffell Marianna Zahurak Ted A. Gooley Steve Piantadosi Michele Kaup Richard F. Ambinder Carol Ann Huff William Matsui Javier Bola?os-Meade Ivan Borrello Jonathan D. Powell Elizabeth Ha | 2008 | Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation2008，，6： | 4 |
| 10 | Heparin resistance in severe thermal injury:a prospective cohort study显示文摘Background:Low molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)is routinely administered to burn patients for thromboprophylaxis.Some studies have reported heparin resistance,yet the mechanism(s)and prevalence have not been systematically studied.We hypothesized that nucleosomes,composed of histone structures with associated DNA released from injured tissue and activated immune cells in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs or NETosis),neutralize LMWH resulting in suboptimal anticoagulation,assessed by reduction in anti-factor Xa activity.Methods:Blood was sampled from>15%total body surface area(TBSA)burn patients receiving LMWH on days 5,10 and 14.Peak anti-factor Xa(AFXa)activity,anti-thrombin(ATIII)activity,cellfree DNA(cfDNA)levels and nucleosome levels were measured.Mixed effects regression was adjusted for multiple confounders,including injury severity and ATIII activity,and was used to test the association between nucleosomes and AFXa.Results:A total of 30 patients with severe burns were included.Mean TBSA 43%(SD 17).Twentythree(77%)patients were affected by heparin resistance(defined by AFXa activity<0.2 IU/mL).Mean peak AFXa activity across samples was 0.18 IU/mL(SD 0.11).Mean ATIII was 81.9%activity(SD 20.4).Samples taken at higher LWMH doses were found to have significantly increased AFXa activity,though the effect was not observed at all doses,at 8000 IU no samples were heparin resistant.Nucleosome levels were negatively correlated with AFXa(r=−0.29,p=0.050)consistent with the hypothesis.The final model,with peak AFXa as the response variable,was adjusted for nucleosome levels(p=0.0453),ATIII activity(p=0.0053),LMWH dose pre-sample(p=0.0049),drug given(enoxaparin or tinzaparin)(p=0.03),and other confounders including severity of injury,age,gender,time point of sample.Conclusions:Heparin resistance is a prevalent issue in severe burns.Nucleosome levels were increased post-burn,and showed an inverse association with AFXa consistent with the hypothesis that they may interfere with the anticoagulant effect of heparin in vivo and contribute to heparin resistance.Accurate monitoring of AFXa activity with appropriate therapy escalation plans are recommended with dose adjustment following severe burn injury. | Liam D Cato Benjamin Bailiff Joshua Price Christos Ermogeneous Jon Hazeldine William Lester Gillian Lowe Christopher Wearn Jonathan RB Bishop Janet M Lord Naiem Moiemen Paul Harrison | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 3 |
| 11 | GPS+GLONASS组合测量显示文摘最近人们开始讨论把GPS和GLONASS组合起来以扩大测量应用的可行性问题,主要是因为对这两种卫星系统的数据组合起来时会遇到技术上的挑战。本文将向您表明GPS+GLONASS技术能够为测量带来显著优势,这些优势包括大大增加卫星可用性和定位可靠性,而且提高作业效率又不降低精度,并能获得与当前GPS系统相同的精度。WiliamMartin等用该设备采集了数据并给出了实际结果。 | William Martin Jonathan Ladd | 1999 | 测绘通报1999，，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Prospective, randomized, endoscopic-blinded trial comparing precolonoscopy bowel cleansing methods显示文摘 | Stephen M. Cohen M.D. Steven D. Wexner M.D. Sander R. Binderow M.D. Juan J. Nogueras M.D. Norma Daniel R.N. Eli D. Ehrenpreis M.D. Jonathan Jensen M.D. Gregory F. Bonner M.D. William B. Ruderman M.D | 1994 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1994，，7： | 2 |
| 14 | ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the surveillance of premalignant conditions of the upper GI tract显示文摘 | William K. Hirota Marc J. Zuckerman Douglas G. Adler Raquel E. Davila James Egan Jonathan A. Leighton Waqar A. Qureshi Elizabeth Rajan Robert Fanelli Jo Wheeler-Harbaugh Todd H. Baron Douglas O. Faigel | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Long-Term Results of Resection of Adenocarcinoma of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas Using Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy Procedure显示文摘 | Jonathan B. Mitchem Nicholas Hamilton Feng Gao William G. Hawkins David C. Linehan Steven M. Strasberg | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2012，，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Race, cognitive skills, psychological capital and wages显示文摘 | Arthur H. Goldsmith William Darity Jonathan R. Veum | 1999 | The Review of Black Political Economy1999，，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Intelligent Control for Improvements in PEM Fuel Cell Flow Performance显示文摘燃料房间和车辆应用的表演他们被嵌进取决于正确温度,湿度,反应物压力,纯净和流动率的精细的平衡。这篇论文成功地在一个单个单元膜电极集会(MEA ) 上与实现调查与流控制有关的问题。这篇论文为用递归的最小二乘方标识执行系统鉴定说明燃料房间的非线性的参数论述一条系统的途径。然后,它介绍一个模糊控制器,一个简化规则库与计算从 stoichiometry 价值要求的流动的存在流动控制器对实时结果验证了。 | Jonathan G Williams David Rees | 2008 | International Journal of Automation and computing2008，5，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Current systematic reviews and meta-analyses of COVID-19显示文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has left a significant impact on the world's health,economic and political systems;as of November 20,2020,more than 57 million people have been infected worldwide,with over 1.3 million deaths.While the global spotlight is currently focused on combating this pandemic through means ranging from finding a treatment among existing therapeutic agents to inventing a vaccine that can aid in halting the further loss of life.AIM To collect all systematic reviews and meta-analyses published related to COVID-19 to better identify available evidence,highlight gaps in knowledge,and elucidate further meta-analyses and umbrella reviews that are yet to be performed.METHODS We explored studies based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses with the keyterms,including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),SARS virus,coronavirus disease,COVID-19,and SARS coronavirus-2.The included studies were extracted from Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases.The publication timeframe of included studies ranged between January 01,2020,to October 30,2020.Studies that were published in languages other than English were not considered for this systematic review.The finalized full-text articles are freely accessible in the public domain.RESULTS Searching Embase,Medline,and Cochrane databases resulted in 1906,669,and 19 results,respectively,that comprised 2594 studies.515 duplicates were subsequently removed,leaving 2079 studies.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses.860 results were excluded for being a review article,scope review,rapid review,panel review,or guideline that produced a total of 1219 studies.After screening articles were categorized,the included articles were put into main groups of clinical presentation,epi-demiology,screening and diagnosis,severity assessment,special populations,and treatment.Subsequently,there was a second subclassification into the following groups:gastrointestinal,cardiovascular,neurological,stroke,thrombosis,anosmia and dysgeusia,ocular manifestations,nephrology,cutaneous manifestations,D-dimer,lymphocyte,anticoagulation,antivirals,convalescent plasma,immunosuppressants,corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,technology,diabetes mellitus,obesity,pregnancy,children,mental health,smoking,cancer,and transplant.CONCLUSION Among the included articles,it is clear that further research is needed regarding treatment options and vaccines.With more studies,data will be less heterogeneous,and statistical analysis can be better applied to provide more robust clinical evidence.This study was not designed to give recommendations regarding the management of COVID-19. | Mahmoud Nassar Nso Nso Mostafa Alfishawy Anastasia Novikov Salim Yaghi Luis Medina Bahtiyar Toz Sofia Lakhdar Zarwa Idrees Yungmin Kim Dawa Ongyal Gurung Raheel S Siddiqui David Zheng Mariam Agladze Vikram Sumbly Jasmine Sandhu Francisco Cuevas Castillo Nadya Chowdhury Ravali Kondaveeti Sakil Bhuiyan Laura Guzman Perez Riki Ranat Carlos Gonzalez Harangad Bhangoo John Williams Alaa Eldin Osman Joyce Kong Jonathan Ariyaratnam Mahmoud Mohamed Ismail Omran Mariely Lopez Akwe Nyabera Ian Landry Saba Iqbal Anoosh Zafar Gondal Sameen Hassan Ahmed Daoud Bahaaeldin Baraka Theo Trandafirescu Vincent Rizzo | 2021 | World Journal of Virology2021，10，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA显示文摘 | Rex L. Baum Jeffery A. Coe Jonathan W. Godt Edwin L. Harp Mark E. Reid William Z. Savage William H. Schulz Dianne L. Brien Alan F. Chleborad Jonathan P. McKenna John A. Michael | 2005 | Landslides2005，，4： | 2 |
| 20 | ASGE Guideline: the role of endoscopy in the patient with lower-GI bleeding显示文摘 | Raquel E. Davila Elizabeth Rajan Douglas G. Adler James Egan William K. Hirota Jonathan A. Leighton Waqar Qureshi Marc J. Zuckerman Robert Fanelli Jo Wheeler-Harbaugh Todd H. Baron Douglas O. Faigel | 2005 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2005，，： | 2 |
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