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| 1 | Endoscopic management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation显示文摘Bile duct strictures remain a major source of morbidity after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Biliary strictures are classifi ed as anastomotic or non-anastomotic strictures according to location and are defi ned by distinct clinical behaviors. Anastomotic strictures are localized and short. The outcome of endoscopic treatment for anastomotic strictures is excellent. Nonanastomotic strictures often result from ischemic and immunological events, occur earlier and are usually multiple and longer. They are characterized by a far less favorable response to endoscopic management, higher recurrence rates, graft loss and need for retransplantation. Living donor OLT patients present a unique set of challenges arising from technical factors, and stricture risk for both recipients and donors. Endoscopic treatment of living donor OLT patients is less promising. Current endoscopic strategies for biliary strictures after OLT include repeated balloon dilations and placement of multiple side-by-side plastic stents. Lifelong surveillance is required in all types of strictures. Despite improvements in incidence and long term outcomes with endoscopic management, and a reduced need for surgical treatment, the impact of strictures on patients after OLT is signifi cant. Future considerations include new endoscopic technologies and improved stents, which could potentially allow for a decreased number of interventions, increased intervals before retreatment, and decreased reliance on percutaneous and surgical modalities. This review focuses on the role of endoscopy in biliary strictures, one of the most common biliary complications after OLT. | Emmanuelle D Williams Peter V Draganov | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，30： | 20 |
| 2 | 2型糖尿病患者采用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗后血清肌酐急性升高及其继续治疗对主要临床结局的影响显示文摘血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂开始治疗后血清肌酐急性升高≥30%时推荐停药。但血清肌酐升高后继续服药或停药对主要临床结局的长期影响仍不明确。在ADVANCE(糖尿病与血管疾病行动:培哚普利-吲达帕胺与达美康缓释片对照评估)试验中,11 140例糖尿病患者在6周活性导入期后随机采用培哚普利-吲达帕胺或安慰剂治疗。 | Ohkuma T Jun M Rodgers A Cooper ME Glasziou P Hamet P Harrap S Mancia G Marre M Neal B Perkovic V Poulter N Williams B Zoungas S Chalmers J Woodward M 赵狄 练桂丽 | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Importance of sperm morphology during sperm transport and fertilization in mammals显示文摘在自然或人工的授精以后,精子从免职的地点开始一次旅行到授精的地方。然而,仅仅扔的精子的一个小子集达到他们的目标:到达并且使肥沃卵。涉及控制精子运输和授精的因素包括女繁殖的道环境,房间房间相互作用,基因表示,和 phenotypic 精子特点。一些授精的重要决定因素被知道(即,活动性或 DNA 地位) ,但是许多精子特点仍然是难懂的。一个例子在在向卵母细胞的女生殖道以内的运输之上是精子尺寸和形状的影响。在精子尺寸和活动性之间的生物物理的协会可以通过女繁殖的道影响精子的前进,但是无常有关精子形态学怎么,并且是否仅仅影响授精过程留下精子尺寸本身被包含。而且,如此的解释不允许女道能够,根据他们的形态学区分肥沃的精子的可能性似乎是有生物化学、分子、基因的性质的盒子。这评论在使肥沃的子宫和能力以内在精子运输和选择在进化和他们的通常认为的角色集中于精子尺寸和形状的影响卵母细胞。 | Francisco A Garcia-Vazquez Joaquin Gadea Carmen Matas William V Holt | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，6： | 6 |
| 4 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Alan S. Go Dariush Mozaffarian Véronique L. Roger Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Sheila Franco Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. | 2013 | Circulation2013，，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Approach to medical therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease显示文摘Perianal Crohn’s disease remains a challenging condition to treat and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of life.It often requires combined surgical and medical interventions.Anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)therapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical therapies for perianal Crohn’s disease.Infliximab has been shown to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled trials.Clinicians can be faced with a number of questions relating to the optimal use of anti-TNF therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease.Specific issues include evaluation for the presence of perianal sepsis,the treatment target of therapy,the ideal time to commence treatment,whether additional medical therapy should be used in conjunction with anti-TNF therapy,and the duration of treatment.This article will discuss key studies which can assist clinicians in addressing these matters when they are considering or have already commenced anti-TNF therapy for the treatment of perianal Crohn’s disease.It will also discuss current evidence regarding the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients who are failing to achieve a response to anti-TNF therapy for perianal Crohn’s disease.Lastly,new therapies such as local injection of mesenchymal stem cell therapy will be discussed. | Abhinav Vasudevan David H Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion Eric C Ehman Laura Raffals | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，25： | 4 |
| 6 | Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: a retrospective cohort study显示文摘 | William C Huang Andrew S Levey Angel M Serio Mark Snyder Andrew J Vickers Ganesh V Raj Peter T Scardino Paul Russo | 2006 | Lancet Oncology2006，，9： | 4 |
| 7 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Alan S. Go Dariush Mozaffarian Véronique L. Roger Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Sheila Franco Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. | 2013 | Circulation2013，，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Neuroendocrine and squamous colonic composite carcinoma:Case report with molecular analysis显示文摘Composite colorectal carcinomas are rare. There are amodest number of cases in the medical literature,with even fewer cases describing composite carcinoma with neuroendocrine and squamous components. There areto our knowledge no reports of composite carcinomamolecular alterations. We present a case of composite carcinoma of the splenic flexure in a 33 year-old Cau-casian male to investigate the presence and prognos-tic significance of molecular alterations in rare coloniccarcinoma subtypes. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) tissue was hematoxylin and eosin- and mucicar-mine-stained according to protocol,and immuno-stained with cytokeratin(CK) 7,CK20,CDX2,AE1/AE3,chromo-granin-A and synaptophysin. DNA was extracted from FFPE tissues and molecular analyses were performed according to lab-developed methods,followed by capil-lary electrophoresis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed admixed neuroendocrine and keratinized squamous cells. Positive nuclear CDX2 expression confirme dintestinal derivation. CK7 and CK20 were negative.Neuroendocrine cells stained positively for synaptophysin and AE1/AE3 and negatively for chromogranin and mucicarmine. Hepatic metastases showed a similar immunohistochemical profile. Molecular analysis revealeda G13D KRAS mutation. BRAF mutational testing wasnegative and microsatellite instability was not detected.The patient had rapid disease progression on chemotherapy and died 60 d after presentation. Although theG13D KRAS mutation normally predicts an intermed iateoutcome,the aggressive tumor behavior suggests other modifying factors in rare types of colonic carcinomas. | Sabrina C Wentz Cindy Vnencak-Jones William V Chopp | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，42： | 3 |
| 9 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
| 10 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 11 | Sirolimus plus sorafenib in treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation: A case report显示文摘A case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pulmonary recurrence after liver transplantation for HCC is presented in this report. The patient showed disease progression on sorafenib therapy demonstrated by computed tomography scans as well as serial serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) elevation. After his immunosuppression therapy was successfully transitioned to sirolimus and a continuation of sorafenib, he achieved partial remission based on RECIST criteria and normalization of AFP. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors including sirolimus alone or in conjunction with sorafenib may be useful in the treatment of post transplant HCC. | Kermit V Speeg William Kenneth Washburn Glenn Halff | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，43： | 2 |
| 12 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Véronique L. Roger Alan S. Go Donald M. Lloyd-Jones Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. Howard Bret | 2012 | Circulation2012，，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Trabecular Bone Score: A Noninvasive Analytical Method Based Upon the DXA Image显示文摘 | Barbara C Silva William D Leslie Heinrich Resch Olivier Lamy Olga Lesnyak Neil Binkley Eugene V McCloskey John A Kanis John P Bilezikian | 2014 | J Bone Miner Res2014，，3： | 2 |
| 14 | Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry显示文摘AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC. | Scott V Adams Dennis J Ahnen John A Baron Peter T Campbell Steven Gallinger William M Grady Loic LeMarchand Noralane M Lindor John D Potter Polly A Newcomb | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 2 |
| 15 | IL 28 B genotype is not useful for predicting treatment outcome in A sian chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon‐α显示文摘 | Jacinta A Holmes Tin Nguyen Dilip Ratnam Neel M Heerasing Jane V Tehan Sara Bonanzinga Anouk Dev Sally Bell Stephen Pianko Robert Chen Kumar Visvanathan Rachel Hammond David Iser Ferry Rusli William Sievert Paul V Desmond D Scott Bowden Alexander J Thomps | 2013 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2013，，5： | 2 |
| 16 | 医院资源对有效压力性损伤预防的价值:成本效益分析(摘译)显示文摘1 前言医院获得性压力性损伤(hospital- acquired pressure injuries,HAPIs)是一种死亡率较高且医疗花费较高的局部皮肤损伤。HAPIs威胁着患者的健康。在美国,HAPIs影响250万人的健康,造成6万人死亡;在英国,HAPIs影响70万人的健康,造成2.9万人死亡[1]。HAPIs预防的最佳护理措施,如使用Braden量表进行风险评估是一项耗时且复杂的任务,需要护理人员勤勉工作以完成并输入患者的电子健康记录档案[2]。 | 卜柳秀 李丽萍 William V Padula | 2019 | 伤害医学(电子版)2019，8，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Safety of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Uma Mahadevan Edward V Loftus William J Tremaine William J Sandborn | 2002 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2002，，4： | 2 |
| 18 | On the regression analysis of multivariate failure time data显示文摘 | Prentice R L Williams B J Peterson A V | 1981 | Biometrika1981，68，： | 1 |
| 19 | Semaphorin 4D provides a link between axon guidance processes and tumorinduced angiogenesis显示文摘 | Basile J R Castilho R M Williams V P | 2006 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2006，103，24： | 1 |
| 20 | Combustion of methane in catalytic honeycomb monolith burners international journal of energy research显示文摘 | Dupont V Moallemi F Williams A Zhang S H | 2000 | Int J Energy Res(IJER)2000，24，： | 1 |
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