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| 1 | Plausible impact of global climate change on water resources in the Tarim River Basin显示文摘Combining the temperature and precipitation data from 77 climatological stations and the climatic and hydrological change data from three headstreams of the Tarim River: Hotan, Yarkant, and Aksu in the study area, the plausible association between climate change and the variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin in recent years was investigated, the long-term trend of the hydrological time series including temperature, precipitation, and streamflow was detected, and the possible association between the El Ni(n)o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and these three kinds of time series was tested. The results obtained in this study show that during the past years, the temperature experienced a significant monotonic increase at the speed of 5%, nearly 1℃ rise; the precipitation showed a significant decrease in the 1970s, and a significant increase in the1980s and 1990s, the average annual precipitation was increased with the magnitude of 6.8 mm per decade. A step change occurred in both temperature and precipitation time series around 1986, which may be influenced by the global climate change. Climate change resulted in the increase of the streamflow at the headwater of the Tarim River, but the anthropogenic activities such as over-depletion of the surface water resulted in the decrease of the streamflow at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The study result also showed that there is no significant association between the ENSO and the temperature, precipitation and streamflow. | CHEN Yaning & XU Zongxue Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China College of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，1： | 56 |
| 2 | Precipitation variation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by the tree rings since 850 AD and its relevance to the Northern Hemisphere temperature显示文摘Three well-dated Sabina Przewalskii ring-width chronologies from Dulan, China, have been used to reconstruct annual precipitation (from prior July to current June) variations on the northeast Tibetan Plateau since 850 AD. The reconstructions account of the instrumentally recorded precipitation variance are: 54.7% for the period of 1385-2000AD; 50.5% for 1099-1384AD and 45.7% for 850-1098AD. On the millenary scale, the precipitation variation over this region displays “W” shape, which has three peaks and two valleys. The precipitation is low during 1571-1879 AD, and high during 1880-2000 AD. 1900-2000 AD is the century with the highest precipitation over the northeast Tibetan Plateau in the last 1000 years, and 1962-2000 is the period with the highest pre- cipitation, and the highest variability of precipitation as well in the last 1000 years. The reconstructed series also reveals that the variability of annual precipitation is large when the precipitation is more, and contrarily, variability is small when the precipitation is low. With the temperature increasing obvi- ously in the 20th century, the precipitation in the study region significantly increased too, the variability of precipitation became larger, and drought and flooding occurred more frequently. The yearly tree-ring width (high frequency signal) series in this region reflects the local annually precipitation variation. However, the series with 40-year moving average (low frequency signal) cor- responds to the Northern Hemisphere temperature variations on the decadal to centurial scale. It correlates significantly with seven temperature curves of the Northern Hemisphere in the different time spans. For example, the correlation coefficients with the most temperature curves are around 0.9 during the period of 1852-1982 AD. In general, the temperature and the precipitation change syn- chronously in the Dulan region. It means that low temperature corresponds to low precipitation, andvice versa. This relationship may indicate that the climatic pattern is the combination of warm-wet and cold-dry on centenary to millenary scale over the Northern Tibetan Plateau in the past 1000 years. The departure series of 40-year moving average could be regarded as the millenarian temperature curve with annual resolution over the northeast Tibetan Plateau region. | John K. Kutzbach | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，4： | 44 |
| 3 | Variations of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions显示文摘There is no temperature effect in the southern Tibetan Plateau and South Asia to the south of the Tanggula Mountains. Amount effect has been observed at a few sampling stations accounting for about a half of the statistical stations. There is notable temperature effect in the middle and northern Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent Central Asia to the north of the Tanggula Mountains. Because vapor directly originates from low-latitude oceans, the relative heavy ( 18O with small variation characterizes the rainfall in South Asia. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place from Kyangjin on the southern slope of the Himalayas to the Tanggula Mountains in the middle plateau. From the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau, the ( 18O in precipitation increases with increasing latitude. | 章新平 Masayoshi NAKAWO 姚檀栋 韩健康 谢自楚 | 2002 | Science China Earth Sciences2002，45，6： | 39 |
| 4 | Variation of precipitation for the last 300 years over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River显示文摘The precipitation at 17 stations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is reconstructed during the period of 1736―1910, using the snow and rainfall records in the Qing Dynasty, together with the instrumental observation data of precipitation and farmland soil moisture content. The soil physics model related to rainfall infiltration and the surface water bal-ance equation are taken as main reconstruction methodology. The field infiltration experiment by artificial rainfall is conducted to check the reliability. And the precipitation series over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its 4 sub-regions are established, going back to 1736. Analysis of the time series indicates that the abrupt change of precipitation from high to low oc-curs around 1915 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. During the three peri-ods of 1791―1805, 1816―1830 and 1886―1895, the precipitation is markedly higher than the mean of the series. While both the periods of 1916―1945 and 1981―2000 are characterized by less precipitation. Three periodicities of 22―25a, 3.9a and 2.7a are shown in the precipitation fluctuation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Moreover, the periodical signal of 22―25a becomes weaker and weaker since the abrupt change of 1915 and disappears in the late 1940s, and then the periodical signal of 35―40a appears instead. | ZHENG Jingyun HAO Zhixin GE Quansheng | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，12： | 20 |
| 5 | Relationships between δ ^(18)O in summer precipitation and temperature and moisture trajectories at Muztagata, western China显示文摘Based on summer observations of stable isotope of precipitation at Muztagata, western China, during 2002―2003, this paper presents the relationship between δ 18O in precipitation and air temperature, and discusses the effect of moisture transport on δ 18O in precipitation. Results show that air temperature correlates positively with δ 18O in precipitation, and the temperature effect controls the δ 18O of precipitation in this area. The Muztagata region exhibits high δ 18O values in summer precipi-tation, similar to those shown at stations in adjacent regions. According to the results of our model set up to trace the moisture trajectories, the westerlies and local moisture circulation contribute to varia-tions of oxygen isotopes in precipitation. In addition, the impacts of the moisture transport distance, the moisture transport level, and the incursion of the polar air mass also influence the variations of δ 18O in precipitation. The moisture origins and transport mechanisms also contribute to the variation of δ 18O in precipitation at Muztagata. | YU Wusheng1,2, YAO Tandong1,2, TIAN Lide1,2, LI Zhen2, SUN Weizhen2 & WANG Yu2 1. Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engi-neering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，1： | 18 |
| 6 | Peculiar Temporal Structure of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon显示文摘PeculiarTemporalStructureoftheSouthChinaSeaSummerMonsoonBinWang①andRenguangWuDepartmentofMeteorology,UniversityofHawai,USARec... | Bin Wang Renguang Wu | 1997 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1997，14，2： | 16 |
| 7 | Chemical compositions of precipitation and scavenging of particles in Beijing显示文摘Totally 23 precipitation samples were collected in Beijing from May to November in 2003. In order to investigate the chemical composition of precipitation samples, pH, conductivity, concentrations of water-soluble ions and organic acids were analyzed. The average pH of pre-cipitations is 6.18, belonging to the neutral range; the average conductivity is 52.23 μS/cm, which indicates that precipitations in Beijing are obviously polluted; SO 24? , NO3 ? are the most abundant anions with the average concentrations of 521 and 174 μeq·L?1, respectively; the average 2SO 4? /NO3? equivalent ratio is 3.1, which decreases by about 15% compared with the result of 1994; NH+ 4 and Ca2+ are the most abundant cations with the average concentrations of 376 and 397 μeq·L?1, respectively; formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid are the main organic acids with the average concentrations of 4.62, 4.60 and 1.17 μeq·L?1, respectively, accounting for 2% of the overall anions. Obvious differences between concentrations before and after precipitation are also observed by SJAC (Steam Jet Aerosol Collector), which shows the removal of particles from the atmosphere by precipitation. | HU Min ZHANG Jing WU Zhijun | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，3： | 15 |
| 8 | 用数值模拟方法分析混合和导流筒对搅拌槽中沉淀硫酸钡的影响显示文摘The effect of mixing on the precipitation of barium sulfate in a continuous stirred tank is simulated numerically with different feeding location, feed concentration, impeller speed and residence time through solving the standard momentum and mass transport equations in combination with the moment equations for crystal population balance. The numerical method was validated with the literature data. The simulation results including the distribution of the local supersaturation ratio distribution in the precipitator, mean crystal size and coefficient of variation under different operating conditions compared well with experimental data in the literature. The effect of the presence of a draft tube on precipitation were also investigated, and it is suggested that the installation of a draft tube increased the mean crystal size, in general agreement with experimental work in the literature. | 王正 毛在砂 杨超 沈湘黔 | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2006，14，6： | 12 |
| 9 | ANALYSIS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PRECIPITATES IN ULTRA-THIN HOT STRIP OF PLAIN LOW CARBON STEEL PRODUCED BY COMPACT STRIP PRODUCTION显示文摘This paper investigated the mechanism of precipitation and its influence upon prop-erties of ultra-thin hot strips of low carbon steel produced by CSP techniques usingexperiment and thermodynamics theory. The experimental results show that thereare lots of fine and dispersive precipitates in microstructures. By analysis, most ofaluminum nitrides are in grains, while coexisted precipitates of MnS are along grainboundaries. Coexisted precipitates compose cation-vacancy type oxides such as Al2O3in the core, while MnS is at the fringe of surface. The precipitation behavior of AlNand MnS in the hot strip is studied by thermodynamic calculation. At last, implica-tions between strengthening effect and techniques are analyzed using obtained solubilityproducts. | H.Yu,Y.L.Kang,H.B.Dong,D.L.Liu and J.FuUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Manuscript received 10 October 2001 in revised form 25 January 2002 | 2002 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2002，15，4： | 11 |
| 10 | Research on the dry intrusion accompanying the low vortex precipitation显示文摘By employing the 6.7μm satellite vapor cloud images and NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis datasets, the characteristics and mechanism of the dry intrusion, as well as its impacts on the low vortex precipita- tion at the Meiyu front are explored in this paper. It is found that the formation,development and main- tenance of the low vortex precipitation at the Meiyu front are closely related to the evolution of the dry intrusion. The dry intrusion is characterized by high potential vorticity (PV), low humidity and cold air. The dry intrusion exhibits as an obvious dark zone on vapor cloud images, an area in which atmos- pheric relative humidity is lower than 60%. However, the features of the dry intrusion on the vapor im- ages are clearer than that of the humidity field, for the former is the digital vapor cloud images with high temporal and spatial resolution, and it can be used to explore the finer characteristics of the develop- ment, evolution and supplement of the intrusion during the development of the low vortex. The dry intrusion impacts accompanying the low vortex precipitation at the Meiyu front come from all levels of the troposphere, with the strongest intrusion located at the upper troposphere. The dry and cold air intrudes the vicinity of the low vortex from the upper isentropic surface to the lower one, slanting eastward from lower to higher level. The low vortex precipitation region is usually situated in front of the dry intrusion where the relative humidity gradient is higher. The research also reveals that the mechanism of the dry intrusion is that the high potential vorticity descends from the upper troposphere to the lower level, therefore, the dry intrusion can be used as an important index of the high PV forcing. To the west of the low vortex precipitation, the upper level northerlies descend across the isentropic surface, then the dry cold advection can trigger the instable development in the mid-low troposphere. The dry intrusion enhances the low vortex precipitation. Meanwhile, because of the good agreement between the high PV at the upper level and the dry intrusion illustrated by the vapor cloud images, the dry intrusion in the vapor cloud images is the direct and clear description of the high PV forcing which provides a new insight in understanding the evolution and development of the practical weather sys- tems. Besides, both the skills of isentropic analysis and potential temperature coordinates system analysis are important to revealing the three-dimension structure of the dry intrusion. | YAO XiuPing1,2,3, WU GuoXiong1, ZHAO BingKe4, YU YuBin3 & YANG GuiMing2,5 1 LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430074, China 3 China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, China 4 Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China 5 National Meteorological Center of the China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，9： | 11 |
| 11 | Synthesis of mesoporous nano-TiO_(2)doped with Sn by auto-assembly method and photo-catalytic property显示文摘A series of mesoporous nano-TiO2 material doped with Sn are synthesized by a homogenous precipitation method aided by microwave heating, using TiCl4 and SnCl4 as raw materials, urea as precipitator, active carbon as templet, and soluble starch as anti- agglomer-ating reagent. XRD results show that the precursor exists in the amorphous phase, and trans-forms to anatase structure above 400℃. TEM results show that the particle is in spherical shape and the average diameter is 20 nm. EDS results show that the measuring value of compound is in accord with the actual value of the raw materials, and the doping uniformity is good. The photo-catalytic experimental results show that the highest photo-catalytic efficiency can be ob-tained when the content of Sn is 10% (mol pecent), and the decolorization rate of navy blue dye can be as high as 100% after being illuminated by sunlight for 70 min. The photo-catalytic reac-tion is a first-order kinetic reaction. | ZHANG Meihong DING Shiwen WANG Zhenxing ZHANG Yuzhuo | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，5： | 4 |
| 12 | Relation between sea surface temperature anomaly in the Atlantic and summer precipitation over the Northeast China显示文摘Based on global monthly average data set of sea surface temperature (SST) during 1950 - 1992 and global monthly average 500 hPa height during 1930- 1997 offered by NCARINCEP, the feature of SST anomaly in the Atlantic and its relation with summer precipitation over the Northeast China are analyzed. The results show that, the second eigenvector of the SST’s empirical orthogonal expanssion in winter season over the North Atlantic suggests that dist-ibution of SST anomaly has unusual meridional difference; The location of its center is basically identical to center of significant correlation region be- tween summer precipitation over the Northeast China and winter SST in the Atlantic. When winter SST in the North Atlantic is hot in south and cold in north, the blocking situation is stronger in the middle- high latitude. Correspondingly, the blocking high pressure in the northern North Pacific is also getting stronger, the westerlies circulation index in East Asia in next summer would be lower,as a result,more precipitation in the summer would be experienced over Northeast China and vice versa. | Renhai Bai(白人海) | 2001 | 海洋预报2001，18，z1： | 2 |
| 13 | Precursor Role of Winter Sea-Ice in the Labrador Sea for Following-Spring Precipitation over Southeastern North America and Western Europe显示文摘The role of winter sea-ice in the Labrador Sea as a precursor for precipitation anomalies over southeastern North America and Western Europe in the following spring is investigated. In general terms, as the sea ice increases, the precipitation also increases. In more detail, however, analyses indicate that both the winter sea-ice and the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies related to increases in winter sea-ice in the Labrador Sea can persist into the following spring. These features play a forcing role in the spring atmosphere, which may be the physical mechanism behind the observational relationship between the winter sea-ice and spring precipitation anomalies. The oceanic forcings in spring include Arctic sea-ice anomalies and SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific and high-latitude North Atlantic. Multi-model Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulation results show that the atmospheric circulation response to the combination of sea-ice and SST is similar to that observed, which suggests that the oceanic forcings are indeed the physical reason for the enhanced spring precipitation. Sensitivity experiments conducted using an atmospheric general circulation model indicate that the increases in precipitation over southeastern North America are mainly attributable to the effect of the SST anomalies, while the increases over Western Europe are mainly due to the sea-ice anomalies. Although model simulations reveal that the SST anomalies play the primary role in the precipitation anomalies over southeastern North America, the observational statistical analyses indicate that the area of sea-ice in the Labrador Sea seems to be the precursor that best predicts the spring precipitation anomaly. | Zhe HAN Shuanglin LI | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，1： | 2 |
| 14 | EXPERIMENTS ON DOUBLE DELAYED EQUATIONS OF PRECIPITATION FORECAST显示文摘In this article, the delayed equation of precipitation forecast has been raised, and experiments have been made on the monthly mean precipitation in the stations of Nenjiang and Shanghai. The results show that after being debugged, the anomalous symbol of precipitation can reach a forecasting accuracy of 67%-73% with the average relative error less than 15%. | 林振山 鲍名 | 2001 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2001，15，3： | 0 |
| 15 | Kosa (yellow sand) components in precipitation collected at central Japan显示文摘In east Asia, acidic gases derived from fossil fuel combustion have increased in the pastdecades. On the other hand, the Asian dust, also called Kosa (yellow sand) is transported follow-ing windstorms from arid lands in the Asian continent. Many researchers have been interested inthe reaction between acidic aerosols and Kosa aerosols as well as the long-range transport ofthese emissions. To investigate the characteristics of chemical components in precipitation on along-term basis over Japan, precipitation was sequentially collected from April 1984 to March 1997at Kanazawa located near the coast of the Sea of Japan. Precipitation samples were collected at 1mm intervals for the first 5 mm rainfall and all volume of rainwater after 6 mm for all precipitationevents with an automatic wet only precipitation collector. According to the analyses of precipitationincluding Kosa aerosols during Kosa periods, the reaction in the air between Kosa and acidiccomponents during the long-range transport was discussed. | Chohji Tetsuji Kitamura Moritsugu Tabata Masahiro | 2002 | Science China Earth Sciences2002，45，z1： | 0 |
| 16 | Runoff Simulation of Three Gorges Area in the Upper Yangtze River during 1998 Flood Season显示文摘The contribution of areal precipitation of the catchment from Cuntan to Yichang (Three Gorges area)to eight flood peaks of the Upper Yangtze River (the upper reaches of the Yangtze River) is diagnosed for 1998 flood season. A rainfall-runoff model is employed to simulate runoffs of this catchment. Comparison of observed and simulated runoffs shows that the rainfall-runoff model has a good capability to simulate the runoff over a large-scale river and the results describe the eight flood peaks very well Forecast results are closely associated with the sensitivity of the model to rainfall and the calibration processes. Other reasons leading to simulation errors are further discussed. | 林建 Gabor BALINT Balazs GAUZER | 2005 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2005，19，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Variability of Summer Atmospheric Moisture Flux and Its Effect on Precipitation over East China显示文摘Using the in-situ precipitation and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data, we found by studies of change ofmoisture flux and its effect that the northward water vapor transport represented by moisture flux in EastChina tends to retreat southward, and the eastward water vapor transport tends to weaken with weakeningof the intensity of moisture flux. The north boundary of meridional moisture flux (50 kg m-1s-1) retreats2.8 degrees in latitude per decade during 1968-2003. The weakening of water vapor transport implies theweakening and southward retreat of East Asian monsoon, which leads to the tendency of decrease in moistureflux convergence over North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the tendencyof decrease in precipitation over those regions, but on the contrary the enhanced water vapor transportconvergence over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River implies the tendency of increase inprecipitation to some extent. Indeed the long-term variability of precipitation in East China has a closerelation with that of atmospheric moisture flux. | 江滢 翟盘茂 王启袆 | 2005 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2005，19，4： | 0 |
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