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| 1 | Precipitation variation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by the tree rings since 850 AD and its relevance to the Northern Hemisphere temperature显示文摘Three well-dated Sabina Przewalskii ring-width chronologies from Dulan, China, have been used to reconstruct annual precipitation (from prior July to current June) variations on the northeast Tibetan Plateau since 850 AD. The reconstructions account of the instrumentally recorded precipitation variance are: 54.7% for the period of 1385-2000AD; 50.5% for 1099-1384AD and 45.7% for 850-1098AD. On the millenary scale, the precipitation variation over this region displays “W” shape, which has three peaks and two valleys. The precipitation is low during 1571-1879 AD, and high during 1880-2000 AD. 1900-2000 AD is the century with the highest precipitation over the northeast Tibetan Plateau in the last 1000 years, and 1962-2000 is the period with the highest pre- cipitation, and the highest variability of precipitation as well in the last 1000 years. The reconstructed series also reveals that the variability of annual precipitation is large when the precipitation is more, and contrarily, variability is small when the precipitation is low. With the temperature increasing obvi- ously in the 20th century, the precipitation in the study region significantly increased too, the variability of precipitation became larger, and drought and flooding occurred more frequently. The yearly tree-ring width (high frequency signal) series in this region reflects the local annually precipitation variation. However, the series with 40-year moving average (low frequency signal) cor- responds to the Northern Hemisphere temperature variations on the decadal to centurial scale. It correlates significantly with seven temperature curves of the Northern Hemisphere in the different time spans. For example, the correlation coefficients with the most temperature curves are around 0.9 during the period of 1852-1982 AD. In general, the temperature and the precipitation change syn- chronously in the Dulan region. It means that low temperature corresponds to low precipitation, andvice versa. This relationship may indicate that the climatic pattern is the combination of warm-wet and cold-dry on centenary to millenary scale over the Northern Tibetan Plateau in the past 1000 years. The departure series of 40-year moving average could be regarded as the millenarian temperature curve with annual resolution over the northeast Tibetan Plateau region. | John K. Kutzbach | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，4： | 44 |
| 2 | Cooling age of Dabie orogen, China, determined by ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar and fission track techniques显示文摘Based on 40Ar-39Ar results of hornblendes and biotites and fission track dating results of apatites separated from the same rock samples, cooling history of rocks from Dabie orogen is discussed. Rocks from both Southern Dabie Terrain (SDT) and Northern Dabie Terrain (NDT) have an early fast cooling followed by a more recent slow cooling. Rocks from SDT cooled to about 540℃ at about 190 Ma B.C., while rocks from NDT cooled to about 540℃ at 125 Ma B C. Until about 110-120 Ma B.C., rocks from both SDT and NDT cooled to about 100℃. This suggests that a relative movement among rocks from SDT, NDT and ul-Ira-high pressure metamorphic rocks exis-ts before 110-120 Ma B.C. | 陈江峰 谢智 刘顺生 李学明 K.A.Foland | 1995 | Science China Chemistry1995，38，6： | 21 |
| 3 | δ^(18)O record and temperature change over the past 100 years in ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘The 213 m ice core from the Puruogangri Ice Field on the Tibetan Plateau facilitates the study of the regional temperature changes with its δ18O record of the past 100 years. Here we combine information from this core with that from the Dasuopu ice core (from the southern Tibetan Plateau), the Guliya ice core (from the northwestern Plateau) and the Dunde ice core (from the northeastern Plateau) to learn about the regional differences in temperature change across the Tibetan Plateau. Theδ18O changes vary with region on the Plateau, the variations being especially large between South and North and between East and West. Moreover, these four ice cores present increasing δ18O trends, indicating warming on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 100 years. A comparative study of Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature changes, the δ18O-reflected temperature changes on the Plateau, and available meteorological records show consistent trends in overall warming during the past 100 years. | Lonnie Thompson | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，1： | 14 |
| 4 | The future thermal regime of numerical simulating permafrost on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, China, under climate warming显示文摘Numerical simulation indicates that the future thermal regime of permafrost on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau will change as the air temperature continuously rises at 0.04℃/a. The calculated results show that when Ts are 0, -0.5, -1.5, -2.5, -3.5 and - 4.5℃ under equilibium between climate and permafrost thermal regime, the mean annual temperatures at the depth of 14 m correspondingly equal to -0.11, -0.59, -1.52, -2.45, -3.21 and -4.32℃, and the permafrost thicknesses respectively equal to 16.8, 29.0, 54.1, 79.4, 112.1 and 131.0m. 50 years later, the temperatures at the depth of 14m will rises to 0.0, 0.0, -0.36, -1.23, -2.16, -3.06℃ under the given condition. When TS is lower than -1.1℃, the permafrost will respectively change from initial 2.0, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4m to 2.2, 2.0, 1.8, 1.6m for TS=-1.5, -2.5. - 3.5 and -4.5℃. If TS is higher than - 1.1℃, the frozen ground will change from the attachment type of frozen ground into the detachment type of frozen ground. Therefore, if future air temperature rises | 李述训 程国栋 郭东信 | 1996 | Science China Earth Sciences1996，39，4： | 11 |
| 5 | Characteristics of annual laminae gray level variations in a stalagmite from Shihua Cave, Beijing and its climatic significance (II)显示文摘The annual laminae gray level variations in the stalagmite TS9501 of Shihua Cave, Beijing are studied in detail. The environmental factors influencing the laminae gray level are also analyzed. The following conditions may be necessary to the study on the lamina gray level. A) The seasonal differences of climate in the studied area are strong. B) The cave has a rapid and simple hydrological connection with the surface, such that the gray level variation is great; therefore, climatic changes can be more clearly recorded in a stalagmite. C) No water from other sources due to lateral flow adds to the seepage over the cave. D) There are more organic impurities than inorganic ones, whose content changes distinctly with time in the sample. By comparison with the modern instrumental climate records, it was found that the gray level of laminae is mainly related to the air temperature, especially the summer mean temperature. Therefore, the gray level can be used as a proxy of the air temperature. The variation | 秦小光 谭明 刘东生 王先锋 李铁英 吕金波 | 2000 | Science China Earth Sciences2000，43，5： | 9 |
| 6 | A new algorithm for microwave radiometer remote sensing of sea surface salinity and temperature显示文摘The microwave radiation of the sea surface, which is denoted by the sea surface brightness temperature, is not only related with sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST), but also influenced by sea surface wind. The errors of wind detected by satellite sensor have significant influences on the accuracy of SSS and SST retrieval. The effects of sea surface wind on sea surface brightness temperature, i.e. △Th,v, and the relations among △Th,v, wind speed, sea surface tempera- ture, sea surface salinity and incidence angle of observation are investigated. Based on the investi- gations, a new algorithm depending on the design of a single radiometer with double polarizations and multi-incidence angles is proposed. The algorithm excludes the influence of sea surface wind on SSS and SST retrieval, and provides a new method for remote sensing of SSS and SST. | YIN Xiaobin1, LIU Yuguang1, WANG Zhenzhan2 & XIU Peng1 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2. Center for Space and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，11： | 6 |
| 7 | Structures and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foams with water as the sole blowing agent显示文摘Rigid polyurethane foams blown by varying water level were prepared in this study. The structures and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown by water were measured with FT-IR, universal testing machine (Instron3365), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that polyurea and polybiuret were the typical charac- teristics, and the cream time and gel time were shorter for the fully water blown rigid foams than that for the fully cyclopentane blown foams. The density of foam samples decreased from 45.0 kg/m3 to 27.4 kg/m3 with the increase of water level from 3 pph to 7 pph. Compressive strength exhibited the similar behavior with density. The average cell size of foam samples ranged from 241 μm to 356 μm with the increase of water level from 3 pph to 7 pph, respectively. At the same time, poorer dimen- sional stability was encountered with the increase of average cell size due to fast diffusion rate of CO2 out of the foam. The results of thermal analysis show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifted to a higher temperature with the increase of isocyanate level when more water was used as chemical blowing agent. | LI Xiaobin1,2, CAO Hongbin1 & ZHANG Yi1 1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，4： | 6 |
| 8 | Theory-orientated discovery of high-temperature superconductors in superhydrides stabilized under high pressure显示文摘A dream long held by physicists has been to raise the critical temperature(Tc)—the temperature below which the material exhibits no electrical resistance—of a superconductor to room temperature.The most recent excitement in that regard has centered on rare-earth superhydrides,of which LaH10 at 190 GPa has a remarkably high Tc of 260 K. | Jian Lv Ying Sun Hanyu Liu Yanming Ma | 2020 | Matter and Radiation at Extremes2020，5，6： | 4 |
| 9 | Heat Transfer Analysis of the Unsteady Flow of a Maxwell Fluid over a Stretching Surface in the Presence of a Heat Source/Sink显示文摘The unsteady two-dimensional flow of a MHD non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid over a stretching surface with a prescribed surface temperature in the presence of a heat source/sink is investigated.Similarity solutions for the governing equations are obtained.The transformed boundary layer equations are then solved numerically by using the shooting method.Fluid velocity initially decreases with the increasing unsteadiness parameter,and temperature decreases significantly due to unsteadiness.It is also found that the fluid velocity decreases with the increasing magnetic parameter.Increasing the Maxwell parameter values has the effect of suppressing the velocity field and increasing the temperature. | Swati Mukhopadhyay | 2012 | Chinese Physics Letters2012，29，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Determination of serpentine dehydration temperature at 1- 5 GPa by the method of electrical conductivity显示文摘The stable fields of hydrous minerals are very important for us to inquire into dia-genesis,magmatism,metamorphic evolution and geochemical process of subduction zone.Until now,the dehydration temperatures of hydrous minerals at high pressure are mainlydetermined by phase equilibrium experiment,HP-DTA analysis,MD calculation as well | 宋茂双 谢鸿森 郑海飞 郭捷 徐有生 许祖鸣 | 1996 | Chinese Science Bulletin1996，41，21： | 4 |
| 11 | Thermal model for discrete vegetation and its solution on pixel scale using computer graphics显示文摘In this paper, we discuss how the multi-reflection of thermal emission affects the calculation of radiation balance. With the help of computer graphics, the four components of discrete vegetation are analyzed in detail and the curves of BRDF for the discrete vegetation can be obtained as well. A new model is put forward to inverse the temperatures of four components. The solution obtained by using computer graphics is consistent with observations in the field experiment in Yucheng Remote Sensing Comprehensive Site of CAS. Furthermore, the method can be used to retrieve land surface temperature based on multi-angle thermal infrared remotely sensed data. | 苏红波 张仁华 唐新斋 孙晓敏 朱治林 | 2000 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2000，43，S1： | 4 |
| 12 | Enhancements in the Mechanical Stretchability and Thermoelectric Properties of PEDOT:PSS for Flexible Electronics Applications显示文摘CONSPECTUS:Intrinsically conducting polymers can have important application in flexible electronic devices and systems owing to their high mechanical flexibility.Among them,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):-polystyrenesulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)is particularly important,because it can be dispersed in water or polar organic solvents while most of conducting polymers are intractable and insoluble.In addition,PEDOT:PSS can have high transparency in the visible range,excellent thermal stability,and high conductivity.Thus,it can have important applications in many areas,such as in electronic devices,peculiarly optoelectronic devices like light-emitting diodes(LEDs),solar cells and photodetectors,and energy storage devices including batteries and supercapacitors.Although PEDOT:PSS can have high conductivity and excellent biocompatibility,its stretchability is limited.Stretchable conductors are crucial for stretchable electronic systems.The stretchability of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by blending with a soft polymer or elastomer or plasticization.The blends of PEDOT:PSS with waterborne polyurethane(WPU)can have a conductivity of∼80 S/cm and an elongation at break of>30%.We demonstrated their applications as stretchable electromagnetic shielding,stretchable thermotherapy,and compliant electrodes of soft robots.We also found that D-sorbitol that is biocompatible and a solid at room temperature can serve as a plasticizer of PEDOT:PSS.It can enhance the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS to>1000 S/cm and the elongation at break to>60%.The plasticization mechanism is related to the hydrogen bond formation between D-sorbitol and PSSH of PEDOT:PSS.PEDOT:PSS with high thermoelectric properties can be used for flexible thermoelectric generators.It should have both high conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient.But conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are interdependent.The thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by dedoping or energy filtering.PEDOT:PSS with a power factor of 332μW/(m K^2)can be attained through the successive treatments with acid and base,because the acid treatment can enhance its conductivity and the base treatment can enhance its Seebeck coefficient by dedoping PEDOT:PSS.Dedoping PEDOT:PSS by bases is more effective in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient than dedoping by reducing agents.Coating a layer of an ionic liquid on the acid-then-base treated PEDOT:PSS can enhance the Seebeck coefficient up to 70μV/K,power factor to 750μW/(m K2),and figure of merit(ZT)to 0.75.The ZT value is comparable to the best inorganic thermoelectric materials at room temperature.The enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient by ionic liquids is ascribed to the energy filtering owing to the ion accumulations at the two ends of the ionic liquid layer under a temperature gradient.This can be obtained by coating a layer of polyelectrolyte as well.Moreover,coating a layer of Rhodamine 101 that is a zwitterion with a high intrinsic dipole moment can also enhance the Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS.Because the Seebeck coefficient enhancement is consistent with the work function decrease of PEDOT:PSS,we proposed the surface energy filtering mechanism for the Rhodamine 101 effect.The intrinsic dipole moment and interfacial dipole moment of Rhodamine 101 can block the charge carriers with low energy and thus increase the Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT:PSS. | Hao He Jianyong Ouyang | 2020 | Accounts of Materials Research2020，1，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Horizontal GeSn/Ge multi-quantum-well ridge waveguide LEDs on silicon substrates显示文摘A horizontal p-i-n ridge waveguide emitter on a slion(100)substrate with a Gen,g1Sno.c9/Ge multi quantum-well(MQW)active layer was fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy.The device structure was designed to reduce light absorption of metal electrodes and improve injection efficiency.Electroluminescence(EL)at a wavelength of 2160 nm was observed at room temperature.Theoretical calculations indicate that the emission peak corresponds well to the direct bandgap transition(nr-mHr).The light output power was about 2.0μW with an injection current density of 200 kA/cm^2.These results show that the horizontal GeSn/Ge MQW ridge waveguide emiters have great pros-pects for group-IV light sources. | LINZHI PENG Xu LI ZHI LIU XIANGQUAN LIU JUN ZHENG CHUNLAI XUE YUHUA ZUO BUWEN CHENG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，6： | 3 |
| 14 | Topological superconducting phase in high-T_(c) superconductor MgB_(2) with Dirac-nodal-line fermions显示文摘Topological superconductors are an intriguing and elusive quantum phase,characterized by topologically protected gapless surface/edge states residing in a bulk superconducting gap,which hosts Majorana fermions.Unfortunately,all currently known topological superconductors have a very low transition temperature,limiting experimental measurements of Majorana fermions.Here we discover the existence of a topological Dirac–nodal-line state in a well-known conventional high-temperature superconductor,MgB_(2).First-principles calculations show that the Dirac–nodal-line structure exhibits a unique one-dimensional dispersive Dirac–nodal line,protected by both spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetry,which connects the electron and hole Dirac states.Most importantly,we show that the topological superconducting phase can be realized with a conventional s-wave superconducting gap,evidenced by the topological edge mode of the MgB_(2) thin films showing chiral edge states.Our discovery may enable the experimental measurement of Majorana fermions at high temperature. | Kyung-Hwan Jin Huaqing Huang Jia-Wei Mei Zheng Liu Lih-King Lim Feng Liu | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Decreasing trend of temperature in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica in the past 150 years显示文摘A 50-m firn core drilled in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica, during the 1996/1997 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Expedition, has been measured for δ18O and major ions. Based on the high quality of the seasonal variations of major ions, the firn core was dated with errors within ±3 years. The features of the temperature change in the past 150 years in the investigated region have first been studied based on the oxygen isotope in the upper 32.93 m of the firn core. Results show that the temperature decreased nearly by 2°C in Princess Elizabeth Land in the past 150 years. On the background of the global, especially the Southern Hemispheric warming in the past 150 years, a temperature decline of 2°C in Princess Elizabeth Land likely reflects the impacts of the unique Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) and the special terrain (such as the large drainage basins) on the coastal regions of Antarctica. | ZHANG Mingjun1] LI Zhongqin1] XIAO Cunde1] REN Jiawen1] QIN Dahe1] KANG Jiancheng1] LI Jun1] | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，17： | 3 |
| 16 | Distribution of δD in 25-cm Surface Snow Along Trans-Antarctic Route (Ⅱ)——The “1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition” Glaciological Research显示文摘On the way of the '1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition', the first author of this paper, the Chinese member of the expedition, collected 104 snow samples in 25-cm surface snow along a 5986-km route on Antarctic ice sheet from west to east. The geographical distribution of δD across the Antarctica by the longest route is obtained from stable isotope analysis for the first time. After discussing regional differences of physical geographic conditions, maritime-continental influence, altitudes and latitudes at sampling sites, the distribution of δD is considered to have a close relation to latitudes, but the topographic effect is prominent in some particular regions. The mean annual temperature at sampling site and its relationship with δD in surface snow covering Antarctica from west to east are discussed also. The δD-temperature gradient from the south end of Antarctic Peninsula to Vostok obtained in this paper is very close to that in Terre Adelie Land obtained by predecessors. The | 秦大河 任贾文 王文悌 J.R.Petit J.Jouzel | 1993 | Science China Chemistry1993，36，3： | 3 |
| 17 | A stoichiometric terbium-europium dyad molecular thermometer: energy transfer properties显示文摘The optical thermometer has shown great promise for use in the fields of aeronautical engineering,environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis.Self-referencing lanthanide thermo-probes distinguish themselves because of their accuracy,calibration,photostability,and temporal dimension of signal.However,the use of conventional lanthanidedoped materials is limited by their poor reproducibility,random distance between energy transfer pairs and interference by energy migration,thereby restricting their utility.Herein,a strategy for synthesizing hetero-dinuclear complexes that comprise chemically similar lanthanides is introduced in which a pair of thermosensitive dinuclear complexes,cycTb-phEu and cycEu-phTb,were synthesized.Their structures were geometrically optimized with an internuclear distance of approximately 10.6Å.The sensitive linear temperature-dependent luminescent intensity ratios of europium and terbium emission over a wide temperature range(50–298 K and 10–200 K,respectively)and their temporal dimension responses indicate that both dinuclear complexes can act as excellent self-referencing thermometers.The energy transfer from Tb^(3+)to Eu^(3+)is thermally activated,with the most important pathway involving the ^(7)F_(1) Eu^(3+)J-multiplet at room temperature.The energy transfer from the antenna to Eu^(3+)was simulated,and it was found that the most important ligand contributions to the rate come from transfers to the Eu^(3+)upper states rather than direct ligand–metal transfer to 5D1 or 5D0.As the first molecular-based thermometer with clear validation of the metal ratio and a fixed distance between the metal pairs,these dinuclear complexes can be used as new materials for temperature sensing and can provide a new platform for understanding the energy transfer between lanthanide ions. | Guochen Bao Ka-Leung Wong Dayong Jin Peter A.Tanner | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 18 | SIGMAPLUG—A NEW TEMPERATURE INDICATOR FOR REMAINING LIFE ASSESSMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS显示文摘1.IntroductionItisgeneralyacceptedthattheeficiencyandreliabilityofpowerplantsareofparamountimportanceinsupportingthegrowthoft... | J.K.L. Lai, C.H. Shek and K.W. Wong Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 27887808, China | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Accumulation and temperature changes in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica in the past 250 years | 张明军 李忠勤 秦大河 效存德 杨惠安 康建成 李军 | 2001 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2001，11，7： | 2 |
| 20 | Non-metallic catalysts for diamond synthesis under high pressure and high temperature显示文摘Recent results on conversion from graphite to diamond by aid of non-metallic catalysts are reviewed. The current status of experimental advances is presented and typical examples from relevant literature are provided for understanding the mechanism of the graphite-diamond conversion by aid of these non-metallic catalysts. Furthermore, a tendency of graphite-diamond transformation assisted by carbonates, sulfates or phosphorus under high pressure and high temperature has been investigated by calculating the activation energy and transformation probability of the carbon atoms over a potential barrier. It was found that the activation energy is highly sensitive to the catalyst chosen. The probability sequence of graphite-diamond transformation with these catalysts was put forward. | 孙力玲 吴奇 戴道扬 张君 秦志成 王文魁 | 1999 | Science China Mathematics1999，42，8： | 2 |
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