Amino acids and mammary gland development:nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth

查看全文 作　　者：Reza [1]Rezaei;Zhenlong [2]Wu;Yongqing [3]Hou;Fuller [1]W.Bazer;Guoyao [1,2,3]Wu

机构地区：[1]Department of Animal Science,Texas A&M University;[2]State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University;[3]Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritionand Feed Science,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for AnimalNutrition and Feed Safety,Wuhan Polytechnic University

出　　处：《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》索引2016年第7卷第4期,共22页

基　　金：supported by Texas A&M Agri Life Research (H-8200);The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the Animal Growth & Nutrient Utilization Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2014-67015-21770);National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB126305);National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572412 and 31272450);the 111 Project (B16044);Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2013CFA097 and 2013CFB325);Hubei Hundred Talent program 摘　　要：Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cel s of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cel s. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones(particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin) in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids(AA), present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins(primarily β-casein and α-lactalbumin) and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA(leucine, isoleucine and valine) and arginine to synthesize glutamate,glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones(e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids) and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic(mammalian) target rapamycin signaling by certain AA(e.g.,arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine). Knowledge of AA utilization(including metabolism) by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide. 关键词：支链氨基酸乳腺发育牛奶生产生长激素营养物质新生儿乳腺上皮细胞哺乳动物

相关文献

参考文献（141）
引证文献（40）
耦合文献（0）

参考文献(141)

引证文献(40)

互联网出版许可证新出网证(渝)字10号全国400电话 - 免长途话费

Amino acids and mammary gland development:nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth

参考文献(141)

引证文献(40)

用户提示