Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine

查看全文 作　　者：Yun [1]Ji;Zhenlong [1]Wu;Zhaolai [1]Dai;Xiaolong [2]Wang;Ju [2]Li;Binggen [2]Wang;Guoyao [1,3]Wu

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193, China;[2]Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xinzheng,Henan 451100, China;[3]Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Genomics, Texas A&M University, Room 212, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

出　　处：《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》索引2017年第8卷第4期,共15页

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127302);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272450 and 31572412);Competitive Grants from the Animal Reproduction Program(no.2014-67015-21770);Animal Growth & Nutrient Utilization Programs(no.2015-67015-23276)of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture;Texas A&M AgriL ife Research(H-8200) 摘　　要：Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy alters organ structure, impairs prenatal and neonatal growth and development, and reduces feed efficiency for lean tissue gains in pigs. These adverse effects may be carried over to the next generation or beyond. This phenomenon of the transgenerational impacts is known as fetal programming, which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences(namely, epigenetics). The mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic regulation of protein expression and functions include chromatin remodeling; DNA methylation(occurring at the 5′-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides); and histone modifications(acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination). Like maternal malnutrition, undernutrition during the neonatal period also reduces growth performance and feed efficiency(weight gain:feed intake; also known as weightgain efficiency) in postweaning pigs by 5–10%, thereby increasing the days necessary to reach the market bodyweight. Supplementing functional amino acids(e.g., arginine and glutamine) and vitamins(e.g., folate) play a key role in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and regulating the provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. Therefore, these nutrients are beneficial for the dietary treatment of metabolic disorders in offspring with intrauterine growth restriction or neonatal malnutrition. The mechanism-based strategies hold great promise for the improvement of the efficiency of pork production and the sustainability of the global swine industry. 关键词：EPIGENETICS FETAL PROGRAMMING Gene expression NEONATAL PROGRAMMING NUTRITION

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Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine

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