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Smoking in schizophrenic patients:A critique of the selfmedication hypothesis

查看全文 作　　者：Francesca [1]Manzella;Susan E [2,3]Maloney;George T [1]Taylor 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Behavioral Neuroscience Program,Department of Psychological Sciences,University of Missouri-St. Louis;[2]Department of Genetics,Washington University School of Medicine;[3]Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine高影响力机构 出　　处：《World Journal of Psychiatry》索引2015年第5卷第1期,共12页高影响力期刊 基　　金：Supported by In part by grants from the University of Missouri System,including the UM-Research Board and the Interdisciplinary Intercampus Research Program to GTT;from the W.M. Keck Foundation to SEM 摘　　要：A common remark among laypeople, and notably also among mental health workers, is that individuals with mental illnesses use drugs as self-medication to allay clinical symptoms and the side effects of drug treatments. Roots of the self-medication concept in psychiatry date back at least to the 1980 s. Observations that rates of smokers in schizophrenic patients are multiple times the rates for regular smoking in the general population, as well as those with other disorders, proved particularly tempting for a self-medication explanation. Additional evidence came from experiments with animal models exposed to nicotine and the identification of neurobiological mechanisms suggesting self-medication with smoking is a plausible idea. More recently, results from studies comparing smoking and non-smoking schizophrenic patients have led to the questioning of the self-medication hypothesis. Closer examination of the literature points to the possibility that smoking is less beneficial on schizophrenic symptomology than generally assumed while clearly increasing the risk of cancer and other smoking-related diseases responsible for early mortality. It is a good time to examine the evidence for the self-medication concept as it relates to smoking. Our approach is to focus on data addressing direct or implied predictions of the hypothesis in schizophrenic smokers. 关 键 词：NICOTINE NICOTINIC receptor Dopamine Positive-negative symptoms Side effects Age of ONSET SMOKING CESSATION
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