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Sn_(4)P_(3)-induced crystalline/amorphous composite structures for enhanced sodium-ion battery anodes

查看全文 作　　者：Jaffer [1,2]Saddique;Xu [1]Zhang;Tianhao [1]Wu;Heng [1]Su;Shiqi [1]Liu;Dian [1]Zhang;Yuefei [2]Zhang;Haijun [1]Yu 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]College of Materials Science and Engineering,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;[2]Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China高影响力机构 出　　处：《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》索引2020年第52卷第20期,共8页高影响力期刊 基　　金：This project is supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 51622202,21603009 and21875007);the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0104302);the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(B)(KZ201910005002);the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(2016B010114001)。 摘　　要：The optimization of anode materials such as Sn,P and Sn4P3 in terms of capacity and cyclability is crucial to improve the overall performance of sodium-ion batteries.However,the delicate fabrication of these materials,including the balanced crystalline/amorphous domains,reasonable particle size and distribution,complementary components exhibiting synergetic reactions,among others,still greatly retards the realization of maximum performance.Herein,a series of Sn/P-based composite materials with a plum pudding configuration were fabricated to achieve controlled crystalline/amorphous structures as well as optimized size and distribution in a carbon framework.By using a facile and low-cost ball milling method,the structural transformation of Sn4P3 into phase-separated crystalline Sn and amorphous P in a carbonaceous framework can be finely controlled,producing a series of binary(Sn4 P3/C),quaternary(Sn4P3/Sn/P/C) and ternary(Sn/P/C) composites.Due to the complementary components,crystalline/amorphous adjustment,crystallite sizes and well-integrated interfaces,the quaternary Sn4P3/Sn/P/C composite showed the best electrochemical performance,with a noticeable long-cycle performance of 382 mA hg-1 and 86% capacity retention for nearly 300 cycles.Different from binary and ternary composites,the discharge of quaternary composite generates no noticeable signals of Na15Sn4 and Na3 P in the ex-situ X-ray diffraction patterns,suggesting the crystallite growth of sodiation products can be depressed.Moreover,Sn4 P3 in the quaternary composite can be partially regenerated in the desodiation reaction,implying the significant short-range interaction and thus better synergetic reactions between Sn and P components.The results demonstrate that the design and organization of crystalline/amorphous structures can serve as an efficient strategy to develop novel electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. 关 键 词：Sodium ion battery Tin phosphides Anode materials Composite structure Reaction mechanism
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