Genome of the Giant Panda Roundworm Illuminates Its Host Shift and Parasitic Adaptation

查看全文 作　　者：Yue [1]Xie;Sen [2]Wang;Shuangyang [3,4]Wu;Shenghan [3]Gao;Qingshu [5]Meng;Chengdong [6]Wang;Jingchao [6]Lan;Li [6]Luo;Xuan [1,7]Zhou;Jing [1]Xu;Xiaobin [1]Gu;Ran [1]He;Zijiang [8]Yang;Xuerong [9]Peng;Songnian [3,10]Hu;Guangyou [1]Yang 机构地区：[1]Department of Parasitology,College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;[2]Agricultural Genomics Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120,China;[3]State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;[4]Department of Oncology and Pathology,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm 17164,Sweden;[5]Department of Urology,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL 60611,USA;[6]Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding,Chengdu 610081,China;[7]Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;[8]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Maryland,College Park,MD 20740,USA;[9]Department of Chemistry,College of Life and Basic Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;[10]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 出　　处：《Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics》索引2022年第20卷第2期,共16页 基　　金：supported by the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation,China(Grant No.CPF-2012-13);the Self-supporting Project of Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base,China(Grant No.2020CPBB20);the Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation/Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.2019YFH0065);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801048);the Highlevel Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduction of Talents of Sichuan Agricultural University of China(Grant No.03120322). 摘　　要：Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboofeeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B.schroederi to infer its biology,including host adaptations.Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations,suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts.Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence,including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms,indicate that B.schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism.Additionally,we characterized the secretome of B.schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies.Overall,this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B.schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages.Our findings on the unique biology of B.schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism. 关 键 词：Giant panda Baylisascaris genome Host shift Parasitism evolution Host adaptation