Organophosphate Esters in Air and Seawater of the South China Sea:Spatial Distribution,Transport,and Air−Sea Exchange

查看全文 作　　者：Lijie [1]Mi;Zhiyong [2]Xie;Lulu [3]Zhang;Joanna [4]J.Waniek;Thomas [5]Pohlmann;Wenying [6]Mi;Weihai [7]Xu 机构地区：[1]Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry,Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht 21502,Germany;[2]Institute of Oceanography,University of Hamburg,Hamburg 20146,Germany;[3]Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;[4]Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering,Sanya 572000,China;[5]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;[6]Department of Marine Chemistry,Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde,Rostock 18119,Germany;[7]MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research,Geesthacht 21502,Germany 出　　处：《Environment & Health》索引2023年第1卷第3期,共12页 基　　金：supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany(03F0786C and 03G0269);the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.422CXTD533);L.M.gratefully acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for financial support.Funding for the cruise was received by J.J.W.(03G0269);the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany. 摘　　要：Organophosphate esters(OPEs)have become one group of chemicals with emerging concern in the marine environment.In this work,we investigated OPEs in the air and seawater of the South China Sea in summer 2019.The concentrations of∑_(10)OPEs in the atmosphere ranged from 66 to 550 pg/m^(3),with TCIPP,TNBP,TPhP,and TEP predominating in the air.The total dissolved OPE concentrations(∑_(10)OPEs without TEP)measured in high-volume water samples ranged from 300 to 3600 pg/L,with a mean concentration of 1180±910 pg/L.TEP was measured with liquid−liquid extraction(LLE),and it showed the highest concentration(average 2000±1450 pg/L)among the selected OPEs.Total suspended matter associated OPEs accounted for less than 4.7%of the sum of OPE concentrations in seawater.Fugacity fractions and air−sea exchange fluxes showed that TCEP,TCIPP,TIBP,TEHP,TPhP,and EHDPP were favored to volatilize,TEP dominated the deposition,while TPrP and TNBP varied between volatilization and deposition.Atmospheric particle deposition fluxes ranged from 5 to 71 ng/m^(2)/day with an average of 17±15 ng/m^(2)/day.The input of∑OPEs to the entire South China Sea via atmospheric particle deposition was estimated to be 22±19 tons/year,while the net air−sea exchange fluxes of OPEs were volatilization from seawater to air with an average of 44±33 tons/year.This work suggests that air−sea exchange and atmospheric particle deposition are significant processes interfering with the transport of OPEs in the marine environment. 关 键 词：Organophosphate esters South China Sea Air−sea exchange Atmospheric deposition Long-range transport