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The Probability Density Function Related to Shallow Cumulus Entrainment Rate and Its Influencing Factors in a Large-Eddy Simulation

查看全文 作　　者：Lei [1]ZHU;Chunsong [1]LU;Xiaoqi [2]XU;Xin [1]HE;Junjun [1]LI;Shi [3]LUO;Yuan [4]WANG;Fan [5]WANG 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)and Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;[2]Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing 210019,China;[3]College of Aviation Meteorology,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,China;[4]Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;[5]Department of Geography,Hong Kong Baptist University,Hong Kong SAR 999077,China高影响力机构 出　　处：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》索引2024年第41卷第1期,共15页高影响力期刊 基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42175099,42027804,42075073);the Innovative Project of Postgraduates in Jiangsu Province in 2023(Grant No.KYCX23_1319);supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42205080);the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(Grant No.2023YFS0442);the Research Fund of Civil Aviation Flight University of China(Grant No.J2022-037);supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility”(Earth Lab)。 摘　　要：The process of entrainment-mixing between cumulus clouds and the ambient air is important for the development of cumulus clouds.Accurately obtaining the entrainment rate(λ)is particularly important for its parameterization within the overall cumulus parameterization scheme.In this study,an improved bulk-plume method is proposed by solving the equations of two conserved variables simultaneously to calculateλof cumulus clouds in a large-eddy simulation.The results demonstrate that the improved bulk-plume method is more reliable than the traditional bulk-plume method,becauseλ,as calculated from the improved method,falls within the range ofλvalues obtained from the traditional method using different conserved variables.The probability density functions ofλfor all data,different times,and different heights can be well-fitted by a log-normal distribution,which supports the assumed stochastic entrainment process in previous studies.Further analysis demonstrate that the relationship betweenλand the vertical velocity is better than other thermodynamic/dynamical properties;thus,the vertical velocity is recommended as the primary influencing factor for the parameterization ofλin the future.The results of this study enhance the theoretical understanding ofλand its influencing factors and shed new light on the development ofλparameterization. 关 键 词：large-eddy simulation cumulus clouds entrainment rate probability density functions spatial and temporal distribution
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