Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide (CO) changes in the atmosphere and urban environmental indices extracted from remote sensing images for 932 Iran cities from 2019 to 2021

查看全文 作　　者：Mohammad [1]Mansourmoghaddam;Iman [2,3]Rousta;Haraldur [3]Olafsson;Przemysław [4]Tkaczyk;Stanisław [5]Chmiel;Piotr [6]Baranowski;Jaromir [6]Krzyszczak 机构地区：[1]Center for Remote Sensing and GIS studies,Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran;[2]Department of Geography,Yazd University,Yazd,Iran;[3]Institute for Atmospheric Sciences-Weather and Climate,University of Iceland,Reykjavik,Iceland;[4]Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry,University of Life Sciences,Lublin,Poland;[5]Department of Hydrology and Climatology,Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Maria Sklodowska-Curie University,Lublin,Poland;[6]Institute of Agrophysics,Polish Academy of Sciences,Lublin,Poland 出　　处：《International Journal of Digital Earth》索引2023年第16卷第1期,共19页 摘　　要：Carbon Monoxide(CO)is an important urban pollutant with a relation to 5,transition economies based on emission intensities.In this study,Sentinel-MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),and Landsat-8 images were used to investigate the variations of CO and urban environmental indices and the correlations between them.From the assessed correlations for 932 Iranian cities,it occurred that the assessed indices were all correlated.The highest CO levels were 0.031 in the spring of 2019 and 2020,whereas in 2021 it was equal to 0.030 in both the spring and winter,respectively.In 2019 and 2020 the maximum values of the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)in the spring were 0.181 and 0.183.Exceptionally high Absorbing Aerosol Index(AAI)values of–0.834 and–1.0,along with Urban Index(UI)of 0.102 and 0.092,were correlated with recorded spikes in CO level,despite that these seasons’EVI values were not so abnormal.It was forecasted that in 2030 rises in the CO level by 13.2%in the winter and by 17.5%in the fall are expected,with the simultaneous increase of AAI by 204.5%and 980.2%,and Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)by 27%and 5%in the winter and spring,respectively. 关 键 词：Urban pollutants enhanced vegetation index urban index absorbing aerosol index aerosol optical depth