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| 1 | Epidural anesthesia improves pancreatic perfusion and decreases the severity of acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To study the safety of epidural anesthesia(EA),its effect on pancreatic perfusion and the outcome of patients with acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS: From 2005 to August 2010,patients with predicted severe AP [Ranson score ≥ 2,C-reactive protein > 100 or necrosis on computed tomography(CT)] were prospectively randomized to either a group receiving EA or a control group treated by patientcontrolled intravenous analgesia. Pain management was evaluated in the two groups every eight hours using the visual analog pain scale(VAS). Parameters for clinical severity such as length of hospital stay,use of antibiotics,admission to the intensive care unit,radiological/clinical complications and the need for surgical necrosectomy including biochemical data were recorded. A CT scan using a perfusion protocol was performed on admission and at 72 h to evaluate pancreatic blood flow. A significant variation in blood flow was defined as a 20% difference in pancreatic perfusion between admission and 72 h and was measured in the head,body and tail of the pancreas.RESULTS: We enrolled 35 patients. Thirteen were randomized to the EA group and 22 to the control group. There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. The Balthazar radiological severity score on admission was higher in the EA group than in the control group(mean score 4.15 ± 2.54 vs 3.38 ± 1.75,respectively,P = 0.347) and the median Ranson scores were 3.4 and 2.7 respectively(P = NS). The median duration of EA was 5.7 d,and no complications of the epidural procedure were reported. An improvement in perfusion of the pancreas was observed in 13/30(43%) of measurements in the EA group vs 2/27(7%) in the control group(P = 0.0025). Necrosectomy was performed in 1/13 patients in the EA group vs 4/22 patients in the control group(P = 0.63). The VAS improved during the first ten days in the EA group compared to the control group(0.2 vs 2.33,P = 0.034 at 10 d). Length of stay and mortality were not statistically different between the 2 groups(26 d vs 30 d,P = 0.65,and 0% for both respectively).CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that EA increases arterial perfusion of the pancreas and improves the clinical outcome of patients with AP. | Samira M Sadowski Axel Andres Philippe Morel Eduardo Schiffer Jean-Louis Frossard Alexandra Platon Pierre-Alexandre Poletti Leo Bühler | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 21 |
| 2 | Epithelial toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Clinico-pathogenic aspects显示文摘Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific motifs which are frequently present in bacteria, fungi, prokaryotes and viruses. Amongst TLRs, TLR9 can be activated by such bacterial or viral DNA fragments, immunoglobulin-DNA complexes or synthetic oligonucleotides, which all contain unmethylated cytosineguanine nucleotide sequences (CpGs). Emerging data indicate that TLR9 signaling has a role in, and may influence, colorectal carcinogenesis and colonic inflammation. CpGs are classified into three groups according to their influence on both the antigen-specific humoraland cellular immunity, and the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. TLR9 activation via CpGs may serve as a new therapeutic target for several cancerous and various inflammatory conditions. Due to its probable anti-cancer effects, the application possibilities of TLR9-signaling modulation may be extremely diverse even in colorectal tumors. In this review we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about TLR-signaling in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Due to the species-specific differences in TLR9 expression, however, one must be careful in translating the animal model data into the human system, because of the differences between CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-responsive cells. TLR9 agonist DNA-based immunomodulatory sequences could also represent a promising therapeutic alternative in systemic inflammatory conditions and chronic colonic inflammations as their side effects are not significant. | István Fri Ferenc Sipos Tiana M Germann Alexandra Kalmár Zsolt Tulassay Béla Molnár Gyrgyi Mzes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，26： | 14 |
| 3 | Alleviated mucosal and neuronal damage in a rat model of Crohn's disease显示文摘AIM:To establish a rat model suitable to investigate the repetitive relapsing inflammations(RRI)characteristic to Crohn’s disease.METHODS:Colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS).RRI were mimicked by repeating administrations of TNBS.Tissue samples were taken from control,once,twice and three times treated rats from the inflamed and adjacent non-inflamed colonic segments at different timepoints during the acute intestinal inflammation.The means of the ulcerated area were measured to evaluate the macroscopic mu-cosal damage.The density of myenteric neurons was determined on whole mounts by Hu C/Hu D immunohistochemistry.Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)expression was evaluated by molecular biological techniques.RESULTS:TNBS-treated rats displayed severe colitis,but the mortality was negligible,and an increase of body weight was characteristic throughout the experimental period.The widespread loss of myenteric neurons,and marked but transient HO-1 up-regulation were demonstrated after the first TNBS administration.After repeated doses the length of the recovery time and extent of the ulcerous colonic segments were markedly decreased,and the neuronal loss was on a smaller scale and was limited to the inflamed area.HO-1 m RNA level was notably greater than after a single dose and overexpression was sustained throughout the timepoints examined.Nevertheless,the HO-1protein up-regulation after the second TNBS treatment proved to be transient.Following the third treatment HO-1 protein expression could not be detected.CONCLUSION:Experimentally provoked RRI may exert a protective preconditioning effect against the mucosal and neuronal damage.The persistent up-regulation of HO-1 m RNA expression may correlate with this. | Petra Talapka Lajos István Nagy Alexandra Pál Marietta Zita Poles Anikó Berkó Mária Bagyánszki László Géza Puskás éva Fekete Nikolett Bódi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，44： | 3 |
| 4 | An interactive genetic algorithm-based framework for handling qualitative criteria in design optimization显示文摘 | Alexandra M B Jeremy R Ashutosh T | 2007 | Computers in Industry2007，58，： | 1 |
| 5 | Amphiphilic block glycopolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis, self-assembly and biomolecular recognition 显示文摘 | Leon O Alexandra M Vanesa B | 2011 | J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem2011，49，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Annexin A5 inhibits atherogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of lysophosphatidylcholine显示文摘 | Helena Domeij Xiang Hua Jun Su Alexandra B?cklund Zhongqun Yan Anna G. Frosteg?rd Jesper Z. Haeggstr?m Tomas Modéer Johan Frosteg?rd | 2013 | Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators2013，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array 显示文摘 | Wang SC Debbie W Kerrie F Alexandra A Shiaoman C Bevan EH Marco M Silvio S Sara GM Luigi C Anna MM Alex W Stuart S Gary B Ralf W Joerg P International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten L Diane M Rudi A Rudy D Gina BG Abraham K Alina RA Catherine F Jerome S Michele M Curtis P Luo MC Jan DMM Jorge D Martin G Roberto T Cindy L Ivan M Colin C Keith JE Matthew H Eduard A | 2014 | Plant Biotechnol J2014，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal saline lake显示文摘 | PEDRO M ALEXANDRA C ANA B | 2003 | Acta Oecologica2003，24，： | 1 |
| 9 | Rapid effects of plant species diversity and identity on soil microbial communities in ex- perimental grassland ecosystems 显示文摘 | Gladys L M Laure B Alexandra G | 2006 | Soil Biology and Biochemis- try2006，38，： | 1 |
| 10 | Emerging infectious diseases:public health issues for the 21st century显示文摘 | Alexandra M L Jeffrey J S | 1999 | Science1999，284，： | 1 |
| 11 | Multiple regression analysis 显示文摘 | KOROL R M CANHAN P B ALEXANDRA L R | 2005 | Biophotonics International2005，12，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Multiple regression analysis 显示文摘 | Korol Renee M Canhan Peter B Lucas Alexandra R | 2005 | Biophotonies International2005，12，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Promoter proximal splice sites enhances transcription显示文摘 | Andre F Justin M O Alexandra B | | 0，，21： | 1 |
| 14 | Promoter proximal splice sites enhance transcription显示文摘 | ANDRE F JUSTIN M O ALEXANDRA B | 2002 | Genes Development2002，16，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Kinetic determination of trace amounts of Cu (Ⅱ) in water based on its catalytic effect on the reation of mercaptosuccinic acid and Cr (Ⅵ)显示文摘 | Alexandra A R loan S B Dana D M | 2002 | Mierochim Acta2002，140，： | 1 |
| 16 | Evaluating shortfalls in mixed-integer programming approaches for the optimal design and dispatch of distributed generation systems 显示文摘 | KRISTOPHER A P ROBERT J B ALEXANDRA M | 2013 | Applied Energy2013，102，： | 1 |
| 17 | Generation of transgenic potato plants highly resistant to potato virus Y (PVY) through RNA silencing 显示文摘 | ANASTASIA M KRITON K ALEXANDRA B | 2004 | Molecular Breeding2004，14，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Emerging infectious diseases:public health issues for the 21st century显示文摘 | Alexandra M L Jeffrey J S | 1999 | Science1999，284，： | 1 |
| 19 | Phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal saline lake (SE-Portugal)显示文摘 | PEDRO M ALEXANDRA C ANA B | 2003 | Acta Oecologica2003，24，： | 1 |
| 20 | Polymeric materials with anti- microbial activity 显示文摘 | Alexandra M B Marta F G | 2012 | Prog Polym Sci2012，37，2： | 1 |
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