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| 1 | Prevalence and risk distribution of schistosomiasis among adults in Madagascar:a cross-sectional study显示文摘Background The goal to eliminate the parasitic disease of poverty schistosomiasis as a public health problem is aligned with the 2030 United Nations agenda for sustainable development goals,including universal health coverage(UHC).Current control strategies focus on school-aged children,systematically neglecting adults.We aimed at providing evidence for the need of shifting the paradigm of schistosomiasis control programs from targeted to generalized approaches as key element for both the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and the promotion of UHC.Methods In a cross-sectional study performed between March 2020 and January 2021 at three primary health care centers in Andina,Tsiroanomandidy and Ankazomborona in Madagascar,we determined prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis by a semi-quantitative PCR assay from specimens collected from 1482 adult participants.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate odd ratios.Results The highest prevalence of S.mansoni,S.haematobium and co-infection of both species was 59.5%,61.3%and 3.3%,in Andina and Ankazomborona respectively.Higher prevalence was observed among males(52.4%)and main contributors to the family income(68.1%).Not working as a farmer and higher age were found to be protective factors for infection.Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that adults are a high-risk group for schistosomiasis.Our data suggests that,for ensuring basic health as a human right,current public health strategies for schistosomiasis prevention and control need to be re-addressed towards more context specific,holistic and integrated approaches. | Sarah Katharina Gruninger Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo Anjarasoa Ravo Razafindrakoto Zaraniaina Tahiry Rasolojaona Rodson Morin Rakotozafy Patrick Richard Soloniaina Njary Rakotozandrindrainy Pia Rausche Cheick Oumar Doumbia Anna Jaeger Alexandre Zerbo Heidrun von Thien Philipp Klein Govert van Dam Egbert Tannich Norbert Georg Schwarz Eva Lorenz Jürgen May Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy Daniela Fusco | 2023 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2023，12，2： | 0 |
| 2 | Vulnerability and everyday health risks of urban informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa显示文摘More than half of the world population lives in the cities and around one billion in poor urban areas.These numbers are projected to increase,while Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest rate of informal settlements due his rapid urbanization.The urban informal settlements of Sub-Saharan Africa house everyday health risks.These risks have considerable cumulative impacts on the wellbeing and health of the urban vulnerable group.Despite the public health consequences of urbanization and the increase of informal settlements number in African cities,there is a paucity in data about the risks at small scale and the vulnerability in poor urban areas.Through the database search engine of MEDLINE,WHO Library and Information Networks for Knowledge and website of Urban Africa Risk Knowledge;from information of the existing literature,this paper tried to analyse the everyday health risks,and vulnerabilities in urban informal settlement in Sub-Saharan Africa region.A search combining keywords associated with health risks and informal settlement in Sub-Saharan Africa were used to identify the relevant documents,and this search yielded 86 articles,of which 15 met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis.The risks of communicable diseases due to inadequate sanitation have been the most frequent subjects of study.Informal settlers in Sub-Saharan Africa face everyday health risks arising from lack of clean water,adequate sanitation,and life in overcrowding houses.Consequently,there is a burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases,undernourishment and injuries.The most vulnerable group is children under five with a high rate of mortality.Everyday health risks in urban informal settlements must be taken into account for a better understanding of the full spectrum of urban risks.This is essential in the establishment of efficient public health policies and intervention in urban areas. | Alexandre Zerbo Rafael CDelgado Pedro AGonzález | 2020 | Global Health Journal2020，4，2： | 0 |
| 3 | Aedes-borne viral infections and risk of emergence/resurgence in Sub-Saharan African urban areas显示文摘The sub-Saharan African region is increasingly becoming urbanized with the creation of an urban ecology that is conducive to the emergence of vector-borne diseases,such as Aedes-borne viral infections.Aedesborne viral infections pose a threat to urban health in sub-Saharan Africa.The major menacing arbovirus diseases in sub-Saharan Africa include dengue,yellow fever,chikungunya,and Zika,since they have shown(re)emergence in the last decades.In this review,we analyzed the risk factors for the resurgence of these arboviral diseases as well as their epidemiology and burden by studying the literature.The results suggested that the risk of emergence of Aedes-borne viral infections was related to the urbanicity and competence of Aedes,the genetics of these viruses,environmental factors,and the socio-economic conditions of the sub-Saharan population in urban areas.Better public health awareness and appropriate epidemiological and vector surveillance are essential. | Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos Gonzalez | 2020 | Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 4 | A review of the risk of cholera outbreaks and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa显示文摘The sub-Saharan region of Africa is rapidly urbanizing,that has consequently spurred the development of specific challenges in terms of access to basic services and sanitation.Thus,exposure to waterborne diseases,including cholera,has been a recurrent problem for the people residing in these urban locations.It is important to understand the different risks faced by people in urban areas as it might aid in preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.A review of literature was conducted,using specific selection criteria to obtain relevant publications that described the risk factors for cholera outbreak in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa.A perusal of available literature indicated that despite the heterogeneity in the urban areas of Africa,there are similarities with respect to the risk factors associated with the incidence of cholera epidemics.These risk factors include geographical location,hydroclimatic parameters,urban environment,genomics of the Vibrio cholerae virulence,sanitation,and human behavior.A succinct comprehension of the possible relationship between the different risk factors might prove to be helpful in managing the cholera epidemic. | Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos Gonzalez | 2020 | Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity2020，2，2： | 0 |
| 5 | Exploring the dynamic complexity of risk factors for vector-borne infections in sub-Saharan Africa:Case of urban lymphatic filariasis显示文摘Dynamic complexity is often a characteristic of public health issues;to visualize these problems as a system rather than isolated elements,system dynamics modeling may be an appropriate tool.The dynamic complexity of risk factors for lymphatic filariasis(LF)as an urban vector-borne disease has been addressed using system dynamics methodology.Some causal loop diagrams(CLDs)were designed to display the network of interactions of risk factors for urban transmission of LF and a potential set of public health interventions.A stock and flow diagram was also designed to capture the transmission dynamics as an accumulation and flow system,and a simulation model was built and executed.The system dynamics(SD)methodology is suitable for addressing the dynamic complexity of risk factors for LF in urban settings and is well-suited for public health interventions. | Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos González | 2021 | Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity2021，3，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Water sanitation and hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa:Coverage, risks of diarrheal diseases, and urbanization显示文摘Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)has a rapidly growing urban population,with water,sanitation,and hygiene(WASH)services representing the central needs for this population.Incidentally,this region has the lowest global WASH coverage.Data from the‘WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water supply,Sanitation and Hygiene’and the‘Global Burden of Disease’study from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation were used to assess WASH coverage and related health burden in SSA,its subregions,and rural and urban areas in SSA.WASH coverage in the SSA region appears to be low,but urban coverage is better than that in rural areas;however,there is unequal access to urban WASH and poor urban areas are underserved.In addition,7.75%(5.99–9.7%)of total deaths due to diarrheal diseases across SSA are attributed to unsafe WASH with a risk factor attribution(RFA)percentage of 95.93%(91.94–98.24%).Therefore,a correlation between WASH coverage and mortality due to diarrheal diseases could be established.There is a lack of data on WASH coverage in poor urban areas,although these areas have high incidence of WASH-related diseases including diarrhea.Disaggregated urban WASH data are needed to better understand the WASH service needs of poor urban areas,which would be helpful in ensuring a more inclusive implementation of WASH services. | Alexandre Zerbo Rafael Castro Delgado Pedro Arcos González | 2021 | Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity2021，3，1： | 0 |
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