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| 1 | Knockout mouse models of insulin signaling: Relevance past and future显示文摘Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In an effort to understand and treat this condition, re searchers have used genetic manipulation of mice to uncover insulin signaling pathways and determine the effects of their perturbation. After decades of research much has been learned, but the pathophysiology o insulin resistance in human diabetes remains contro versial, and treating insulin resistance remains a chal lenge. This review will discuss limitations of mouse models lacking select insulin signaling molecule genes In the most influential mouse models, glucose metabo lism differs from that of humans at the cellular, organ and whole-organism levels, and these differences limi the relevance and benefit of the mouse models both in terms of mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development. These differences are due partly to im mutable differences in mouse and human biology, and partly to the failure of genetic modifications to produce an accurate model of human diabetes. Several fac tors often limit the mechanistic insights gained from experimental mice to the particular species and strain including: developmental effects, unexpected meta bolic adjustments, genetic background effects, and technical issues. We conclude that the limitations and weaknesses of genetically modified mouse models of insulin resistance underscore the need for redirection of research efforts toward methods that are more directly relevant to human physiology. | Anne E Bunner P Charukeshi Chandrasekera Neal D Barnard | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，2： | 9 |
| 2 | Quorum sensing as a population-density-de- pendent determinant of bacterial physiology显示文摘 | SWIFT S D J WHITEHEAD N A BARNARD A M | 2001 | Med Microbiol Immunol2001，45，： | 1 |
| 3 | Backpropagation neural nets with one and two hidden layers显示文摘 | VILLIERS J D BARNARD E | 1993 | Institute of Electri cal and Electronic Engineers Transaction on Neural Net- works1993，4，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Development of disease-specific health-related quality-of-life instruments for children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and their parents显示文摘 | Barnard D Woloski M Feeny D | 2003 | J Pediatr Hematol Oncol2003，25，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Circulating monocyte-platdet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P- selectin: studies in baboons,human coronary intervention, and human acute myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | MICHELSON A D BARNARD M R KRUEGER L A | 2001 | Circulation2001，104，13： | 1 |
| 6 | Ion beam heated target simulations for warm dense matter physics and inertial fusion energy显示文摘 | Barnard J J Armijo J Bailey D S | 2009 | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A2009，604，12： | 1 |
| 7 | The inverse relationship between microvessel counts and tumor volume in breast cancer 显示文摘 | Wapnir IL Barnard N Wartenberg D | 2001 | Breast J2001，7，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Susceptibility of actinomyces israelⅡ to antibiotics,sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide 显示文摘 | Barnard D Davies J Figdor D | 1996 | Int Endod J1996，29，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Development of disease-specific health-related quality-of-life instnnnents for children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and their parents 显示文摘 | Barnard D Woloski M Feeny D | 2003 | J Pediatr Hematol 0ncol2003，25，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of foaming and interfacial properties of pure sucrose monolaurates, dilaurate and commercial preparations显示文摘 | Husband F A Sarney D B Barnard M J | 1998 | Food Hydrocolloids1998，，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin:studies in baboons,human coronary intervention,and human acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | MICHELSON A D BARNARD M R KRUEGER L A | 2001 | Circulation2001，104，： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparison of foaming and interfacialproperties of pure sucrose monolanrates,dilaurate and commercial preparations显示文摘 | HUSBAND F A SARNEY D B BARNARD M J et el | 1995 | Food HydrocoU1995，12，： | 1 |
| 13 | Quorum sensing, virulence and secondary metabolite production in plant soft- rotting bacteria 显示文摘 | Barnard A M Bowden S D Burr T | 2007 | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci2007，362，1483： | 1 |
| 14 | Modulation transfer function measurement of Sprite detecters: sine-wave response显示文摘 | Boreman G D | 1992 | Applied Optics1992，31，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Efficacy of orally administered T-705 on lethal avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in mice显示文摘 | Sidwell R W Barnard D L Day C W | 2007 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2007，51，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Modulation transfer function of hexagonal staring focal plane arrays显示文摘 | BARNARD K J BOREMAN G D | 1991 | Opt Eng1991，30，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Review-Animal Waste Used as Livestock Feed:Dangers to Human Health显示文摘 | Eric R Haapapuro Neal D Barnard | 1997 | Preventive medicine1997，26，： | 1 |
| 18 | Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their relevance to gastro intestinal pathophysiology显示文摘 | Barnard J A Beauchamp R D Russell W E | 1995 | Gastroenterol1995，108，： | 1 |
| 19 | Invariance and neural nets显示文摘 | Barnard E Casasent D | 1991 | IEEE Trans Neural Networks1991，2，： | 1 |
| 20 | Matching Words and Pictures 显示文摘 | BARNARD K DUYGULU P FORSYTH D | 2003 | J Mach Learn Res2003，，3： | 1 |
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