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1中国东部地区耕地土壤肥力变化趋势研究显示文摘随着人口、资源和环境之间的矛盾日趋尖锐 ,中国耕地土壤肥力及其变化日益为世人所关注。本文利用最近 2 0年东北地区的吉林和黑龙江省 ,华北地区的北京市和河北省以及长江下游地区的江苏和浙江省的 15个县市 180个样本点的土壤数据资料 ,分析了 2 0世纪 80年代以来东部地区农业土壤肥力的演变趋势。结果表明 ,从总体上看 ,东部地区除土壤速效钾下降和酸碱性有所退化外 ,农业土壤的有机质、全氮和速效磷平均含量都增加了。在空间分布上 ,土壤肥力的变化趋势存在明显差异。长江下游和华北地区的平均肥力提高 ,东北地区下降。另外 ,除华北地区的土壤酸碱性有改善外 ,长江下游和东北地区土壤都存在酸化倾向。俞海 黄季焜 Scott Rozelle Loren Brandt 2003地理研究2003,22,3:107
2地权稳定性、土地流转与农地资源持续利用显示文摘土地使用权的稳定性、土地流转等农地产权制度对农地资源的影响一直是农村经济改革和农地制度绩效评价中备受关注的问题之一。本文通过建立土壤肥力变化的社会经济及政策影响因素模型 ,利用 6省 1 5县市 1 80个样本地块在 2 0世纪 80年代初期和 2 0 0 0年的土壤实验数据 ,结合同时期这些样本地块所在生产小组的社会经济调查数据 ,对于地权稳定性、农户间非正式土地流转等社会经济及政策因素如何影响农地土壤的可持续生产能力进行了实证分析。模型估计结果表明 :稳定的土地使用权有助于改善农地土壤的长期肥力 ;农户之间的非正式土地流转容易造成农地土壤长期肥力的衰退 ,但对土壤的短期肥力无显著影响 ;同时 。俞海 黄季焜 Scott Rozelle Loren Brandt 张林秀 2003经济研究2003,38,9:272
3中国的土地使用权和转移权:现状评价显示文摘本文对中国耕地资源的组织和利用现状进行了系统描述。中国农村的村级土地制度存在巨大差异。但是,迄今还没有评估土地制度对农业效率、公平和总体发展影响的牢固的经验证据。在过去的二十多年中。村干部进行的土地再分配可能方便了人们获得土地,增加了粮食产量,并克服了土地租赁市场的某些不完全性。但是,在许多地区,当前土地制度的成本是显著的。并且持续增加,而且不能被较低程度的收入不均所抵消。Loren Brandt 李果 黄季焜 Scott Rozelle 2004经济学(季刊)2004,3,4:48
4良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断标准显示文摘Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会制定了良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)诊断标准,对BPPV可操作性的诊断标准进行了介绍,包括已明确的BPPV分型和新出现的、有争议的BPPV分型,反映了当前医师对BPPV的临床和病理机制的认识。可以预期,对BPPV的深入理解将进一步促进其分类的不断完善。Michael von Brevern Pierre Bertholon Thomas Brandt Terry Fife Takao Imai Daniele Nuti David Newman-Toker 焉双梅 张欢 杨旭 吴子明 2017中国全科医学2017,20,11:28
5良性阵发性位置性眩晕:诊断标准--Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会共识显示文摘本文是由Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会制定的关于良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的可操作性诊断指南。该分类反映了对BPPV临床表现和病理机制的最新认识,并且包含了BPPV已知明确的和新兴的类型。张祎 刘博 Von Brevern M Bercholon P Brandt T 2017听力学及言语疾病杂志2017,25,5:24
6NLRP3炎症小体对急性胰腺炎小鼠全身炎症反应及代偿性抗炎反应综合征的调节作用显示文摘【据《Gastroenterology》2019年10月报道】题:NLRP3炎症小体对急性胰腺炎小鼠全身炎症反应及代偿性抗炎反应综合征的调节作用(作者Sendler M等)胰腺炎开始时主要是无菌的局部炎症,其引起全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS),然后是代偿性抗炎反应综合征(CARS)。来自德国格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学的Sendler等通过研究探讨了小鼠和人类血清中该过程的机制。李德钊 郭晓林 SENDLER M van den BRANDT C GLAUBITZ J 2020临床肝胆病杂志2020,36,3:24
7高光谱遥感在农作物长势监测中的应用显示文摘该研究是加拿大Saskatchewan Scott农作物轮作系统(ACS)研究的一部分。研究始于1994年,历时18a,评价9个可耕种农作物产量系统的可靠性。由3种处理水平(organic,reduced,high)和3种作物多样性水平(low,diversified annual grains,diversified annual perennials)结合而产生的9个农作物产量系统,被用于监测和评价加拿大牧场不同处理和不同作物种植轮作下可耕种农作物的产量。在2003年生长季共收集了3次叶面积指数和光谱反射率的数据:生长季前期(6月)、生长季旺盛期(7月)、生长季后期(8月)。叶面积指数是由LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪监测的,光谱测量是由覆盖了350-2500 nm波长范围共2215个波段的ADS便携式高光谱仪完成的。结果显示,光学测量可以用于监测农作物生长状况的差异。从生长季的早期到中期,光谱和叶面积指数在不同处理下有显著差异。7月中期是用遥感资料监测农作物长势的最佳季节;红光波段与近红外波段反射率的比值和基于这两个波段构造的归一化植被指数,是检测农作物长势的最佳植被指数。郑有飞 Guo X Olfert O Brandt S Thomas G Weiss R Sproule L 2007气象与环境科学2007,30,1:22
8持续性姿势-感知性头晕(PPPD)诊断标准:Bárány学会前庭疾病分类委员会共识显示文摘本文提出被纳入前庭疾病国际分类(International Classification of Vestibular Disorders,ICVD)的持续性姿势-感知性头晕(PPPD)的诊断标准。PPPD虽然是一个新的医学术语,但该病的存在由来已久。前庭疾病分类委员会深入汇总、分析了近30年来恐惧性姿势性眩晕(Phobic Postural Vertigo,PPV)、空间运动不适(Space℃Motion Discomfort,SMD)、视觉性眩晕(Visual Vertigo,VV)和慢性主观性头晕(Chronic Subjective Dizziness,CSD)相关的研究,在此基础上提出了PPPD的诊断标准。临床上,头晕、不稳、非旋转性眩晕为PPPD的3个核心症状。PPPD患者常表现为这3个核心症状中的一个或多个,症状持续时间超过3个月,并且在直立姿势、主动/被动运动、暴露于移动视觉刺激或复杂视觉环境中时症状出现加重。PPPD可能与影响平衡系统或引起眩晕、不稳及头晕的疾病所触发有关,包括周围或中枢前庭病变、其他内科疾病或心理疾病。临床上,PPPD既可单独存在,也可与其他临床疾病共病。PPPD可能的亚型分类尚需进一步识别和验证。迄今为止,PPPD确切的病理生理机制尚不明确。新近研究表明,PPPD可能与躯体姿势控制、多感觉信息处理、威胁评估系统与空间定向系统皮质整合的功能异常相关。因此,PPPD被归类为慢性功能性前庭疾病,并不是结构性前庭疾病或精神心理性前庭疾病。李康之(译) 刘博(译) 顾平(审校) 杨旭(审校) Jeffrey PStaab Annegret Eckhardt-Henn Arata Horii Rolf Jacob Michael Strupp Thomas Brandt Adolfo Bronstein 2020神经损伤与功能重建2020,15,2:20
9土壤肥力变化的社会经济影响因素分析显示文摘自然过程和人类活动是影响土壤质量演变的两大因素 ,而人们的农业生产行为对农田土壤肥力的影响日益加深。中国人口众多 ,土壤资源有限 ,其 80年代初以来的农地土壤肥力变化备受世人关注。同时 ,中国农村的经济、制度、政策发生了深刻的变化。该文利用 80年代初和 2 0 0 0年的土壤肥力数据以及相应的社会经济调查数据 ,试图揭示自农村改革以来可能影响土壤肥力变化的社会经济和政策因素及其相互关系。初步分析表明 ,经济发展水平对土壤肥力提高有一定促进作用 ,耕地资源禀赋则相反。现行土地产权制度与土壤肥力变化之间没有表现出某种明显的相关关系。 2 0a来中国农地的复种指数变化没有破坏土壤肥力 ,反而因复种指数略微下降而改善土壤肥力。同时 ,近年来秸秆还田的增加有助于提高土壤有机质含量。俞海 黄季焜 Scott Rozelle Loren Brandt 2003资源科学2003,25,2:18
10Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant显示文摘Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant.Mary Elizabeth M Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath Mary L Brandt Amy Fisher John A Goss 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,32:14
11Creative accounting or creative destruction? Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing显示文摘Loren Brandt Johannes Van Biesebroeck Yifan Zhang 2011Journal of Development Economics2011,,2:12
12The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP显示文摘In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.ShuangNan Zhang Andrea Santangelo Marco Feroci YuPeng Xu FangJun Lu Yong Chen Hua Feng Shu Zhang Sφren Brandt Margarita Hernanz Luca Baldini Enrico Bozzo Riccardo Campana Alessandra De Rosa YongWei Dong Yuri Evangelista Vladimir Karas Norbert Meidinger Aline Meuris Kirpal Nandra Teng Pan Giovanni Pareschi Piotr Orleanski QiuShi Huang Stephane Schanne Giorgia Sironi Daniele Spiga Jiri Svoboda Gianpiero Tagliaferri Christoph Tenzer Andrea Vacchi Silvia Zane Dave Walton ZhanShan Wang Berend Winter Xin Wu Jean J.M.in't Zand Mahdi Ahangarianabhari Giovanni Ambrosi Filippo Ambrosino Marco Barbera Stefano Basso Jörg Bayer Ronaldo Bellazzini Pierluigi Bellutti Bruna Bertucci Giuseppe Bertuccio Giacomo Borghi XueLei Cao Franck Cadoux Francesco Ceraudo TianXiang Chen Yu Peng Chen Jerome Chevenez Marta Civitani Wei Cui WeiWei Cui Thomas Dauser Ettore Del Monte Sergio Di Cosimo Sebastian Diebold Victor Doroshenko Michal Dovciak YuanYuan Du Lorenzo Ducci QingMei Fan Yannick Favre Fabio Fuschino JoséLuis Ga'lvez Min Gao MingYu Ge Olivier Gevin Marco Grassi QuanYing Gu YuDong Gu DaWei Han Bin Hong Wei Hu Long Ji ShuMei Jia WeiChun Jiang Thomas Kennedy Ingo Kreykenbohm Irfan Kuvvetli Claudio Labanti Luca Latronico Gang Li MaoShun Li Xian Li Wei Li ZhengWei Li Olivier Limousin HongWei Liu XiaoJing Liu Bo Lu Tao Luo Daniele Macera Piero Malcovati Adrian Martindale Malgorzata Michalska Bin Meng Massimo Minuti Alfredo Morbidini Fabio Muleri Stephane Paltani Emanuele Perinati Antonino Picciotto Claudio Piemonte JinLu Qu Alexandre Rachevski Irina Rashevskaya Jerome Rodriguez Thomas Schanz ZhengXiang Shen LiZhi Sheng JiangBo Song LiMing Song Carmelo Sgro Liang Sun Ying Tan Phil Uttley Bo Wang DianLong Wang GuoFeng Wang Juan Wang LangPing Wang YuSa Wang Anna L.Watts XiangYang Wen Jörn Wilms ShaoLin Xiong JiaWei Yang Sheng Yang YanJi Yang Nian Yu WenDa Zhang Gianluigi Zampa Nicola Zampa Andrzej A.Zdziarski AiMei Zhang ChengMo Zhang Fan Zhang Long Zhang Tong Zhang Yi Zhang XiaoLi Zhang ZiLiang Zhang BaoSheng Zhao ShiJie Zheng Yu Peng Zhou Nicola Zorzi J.Frans Zwart 2019Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019,62,2:11
13Bank discrimination in transition economies: ideology, information, or incentives?显示文摘Loren Brandt Hongbin Li 2003Journal of Comparative Economics2003,,3:11
14前庭阵发症:诊断标准显示文摘Barany学会前庭疾病分类委员会制定了前庭阵发症(vestibular paroxysmia,VP)的诊断标准。VP的诊断主要基于患者的病史:(1)至少10次自发性旋转或非旋转性眩晕发作;(2)持续时间<1分钟;(3)症状刻板;(4)卡马西平/奥卡西平治疗有效;(5)不能用其他诊断更好地解释。很可能的VP定义如下:(1)至少5次旋转或非旋转眩晕发作;(2)持续时间<5分钟;(3)眩晕发作为自发性或由某些特定的头部运动诱发;(4)在一些患者中症状刻板;(5)不能用其他诊断更好地解释。目前认为VP的主要发生机制,可能是由于第8对颅神经近端被少突胶质细胞覆盖导致的假性突触放电引起。主要的鉴别诊断包括梅尼埃病、前庭性偏头痛、良性阵发性位置性眩晕、前庭先兆的癫痫、阵发性脑干发作(多发性硬化或脑干卒中后)、上半规管裂综合征、外淋巴瘘、短暂性脑缺血发作和惊恐发作。目前,有关VP诊断有争议的方面是:(1)在大约30%的无症状的健康人群中可以观察到神经受血管压迫的现象,因此这种MRI表现不能诊断该病或预测患侧;(2)卡马西平/奥卡西平治疗有效支持该诊断,但目前尚无有关VP治疗的随机对照试验。申博(译) 司丽红(译) 刘春岭(审校) 杨旭(审校) Michael Strupp Jose ALopez-Escamez Ji-Soo Kim Dominik Straumann Joanna CJen John Carey Alexandre Bisdorff Thomas Brandt 2019神经损伤与功能重建2019,14,12:6
15An overview of fecal microbiota transplantation: techniques, indications, and outcomes显示文摘Lawrence J. Brandt Olga C. Aroniadis 2013Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013,,2:5
16Treating Clostridium difficile Infection With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation显示文摘Johan S. Bakken Thomas Borody Lawrence J. Brandt Joel V. Brill Daniel C. Demarco Marc Alaric Franzos Colleen Kelly Alexander Khoruts Thomas Louie Lawrence P. Martinelli Thomas A. Moore George Russell Christina Surawicz 2011Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2011,,12:5
17肠道菌群促进血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的高血压和血管功能障碍显示文摘肠道微生物对宿主生理反应及对免疫功能的发展来说必不可少。肠道菌群对血压和全身血管功能等这些由免疫细胞功能决定的生理过程的影响知之甚少。方法:与常规饲养的小鼠(conventionally raised rats,CONV-R)比较,未受任何细菌影响的无菌小鼠(GF)表现出较为严重的全身性辅助性T细胞1型滞后。刘莉 叶鹏 Karbach SH Schnfelder T Brandao I Wilms E Hrmann N Jckel S Schüler R Finger S Knorr M Lagrange J Brandt M Waisman A Kossmann S Schüfer K Münzel T Reinhardt C Wenzel P 2016中华高血压杂志2016,24,10:5
18Role of sex hormones in gastrointestinal motility in pregnant and non-pregnant rats显示文摘AIM: To correlate gastric contractility, gastrointestinal transit, and hormone levels in non-pregnant(estrous cycle) and pregnant rats using noninvasive techniques. METHODS: Female rats(n = 23) were randomly divided into(1) non-pregnant,(contractility, n =6; transit, n = 6); and(2) pregnant(contractility, n = 5; transit, n = 6). In each estrous cycle phase or at 0, 7, 14, and 20 d after the confirmation of pregnancy, gastrointestinal transit was recorded by AC biosusceptometry(ACB), and gastric contractility was recorded by ACB and electromyography. After each recording, blood samples were obtained for progesterone and estradiol determination. RESULTS: In the estrous cycle, despite fluctuations of sex hormone levels, no significant changes in gastrointestinal motility were observed. Days 7 and 14 of pregnancy were characterized by significant changes in the frequency of contractions(3.90 ± 0.42 cpm and 3.60 ± 0.36 cpm vs 4.33 ± 0.25 cpm) and gastric emptying(168 ± 17 min and 165 ± 15 min vs 113 ± 15 min) compared with day 0. On these same days, progesterone levels significantly increased compared with control(54.23 ± 15.14 ng/m L and 129.96 ± 30.52 ng/mL vs 13.25 ± 6.31 ng/mL). On day 14, we observed the highest level of progesterone and the lowest level of estradiol compared with day 0(44.3 ± 15.18 pg/mL vs 24.96 ± 5.96 pg/mL). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal motility was unaffected by the estrous cycle. In our data, high progesterone and low estradiol levels can be associated with decreased contraction frequency and slow gastric emptying.Juliana Fernandes Matos Madileine Francely Americo Yuri Karen Sinzato Gustavo Tadeu Volpato Luciana Aparecida Corá Marcos Felipe Freitas Calabresi Ricardo Brandt Oliveira Debora Cristina Damasceno Jose Ricardo Arruda Miranda 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,25:5
19参与式管理解决冲突:遥感和GIS用作瑞典北部驯鹿业土地利用需求信息交流的工具显示文摘在解决复杂的土地管理问题时,对短缺或者有争执的资源进行地理评估有助于不同利益相关者之间沟通认识和增进理解。本文中,我们说明如何使用遥感和GIS收集和汇总瑞典北部驯鹿放牧者和其他土地使用者(林业、采矿业、旅游业等等)的土地使用活动及使用模式的信息。该项目主要基于最终的土地使用者,即驯鹿放牧者们所做的工作,体现了面向土地使用者的新的努力。发展驯鹿业的土地利用规划的基础有以下几个方面:收集并数字化传统的驯鹿栖息地生态学和景观信息;将这些信息与来自野外调查及基于人造卫星观测的植被分类结果整合;绘制其他土地使用者的活动情况图。最终的土地利用规划提供的信息有利于驯鹿放牧者与其他利益相关者之间的磋商,并有助于驯鹿管理实施。该项目可作为一种大众参与和计划编制的模式,从而使本土信息和先进的遥感技术融入一个交互式的过程中。Per Sandstrm Tina Granqvist Pahlén Lars Edenius Hans Tφmmervik Olle Hagner Leif Hemberg Hkan Olsson Karin Baer Thomas Stenlund Lars Gran Brandt Mikael Egberth 周立志 程利群 2003AMBIO-人类环境杂志2003,32,8:4
20Laser Repair of Steam Turbine Blades(Invited Paper)显示文摘Reliable and efficient power generation is a major global issue due to both political and environmental concerns.Nevertheless many critical components,particularly the blades of the low pressure(LP) side of power generating steam turbines,are subjected to failure due to severe erosion at the leading edges.Since taking machines off-line for maintenance and removal of damaged blade for repair is extremely expensive,increasing the service life of these critical components can offer significant economic and political benefits.Conventional techniques to increase service life include brazing of an erosion shield at the leading edge of the turbine blades,open arc hardfacing,and cladding with erosion resistant materials using gas tungsten,manual metal or plasma transferred arc welding.We have been investigating for the past eight years the potential of laser cladding to deposit a high quality and erosion resistant protection shield on the leading edge of LP blades.Laser cladding offers unique advantages over the conventional techniques.The project to-date has demonstrated the feasibility of in-situ repair of turbine blades in trials conducted at a power station using a fibre delivered Laserline diode laser and a robot.A company(Hardwear Pty.Ltd.) has been established to commercialise the technology and has delivered two commercial contracts.M. Brandt S. Sun A. Bishop 2009中国激光2009,36,12:4
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