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| 1 | The herbal extract Iberogast? improves jejunal integrity in rats with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis显示文摘 | Tessa H. Wright Roger Yazbeck Kerry A. Lymn Eleanor J. Whitford Ker Y. Cheah Ross N. Butler Christine Feinle-Bisset Amelia N. Pilichiewicz Suzanne Mashtoub Gordon S. Howarth | 2009 | Cancer Biology & Therapy2009，，10： | 1 |
| 2 | Impact of radiotherapy on the immune landscape in oesophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND In the contemporary era of cancer immunotherapy,an abundance of clinical and translational studies have reported radiotherapy(RT)and immunotherapies as a viable option for immunomodulation of many cancer subtypes,with many related clinical trials ongoing.In locally advanced disease,chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical excision of the tumour remain the principal treatment strategy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC),however,the use of the host immune system to improve anti-tumour immunity is rapidly garnering increased support in the curative setting.AIM To immunophenotype OAC patients’immune checkpoint(IC)expression with and without radiation and evaluate the effects of checkpoint blockade on cell viability.METHODS In the contemporary era of cancer immunotherapy,an abundance of studies have demonstrated that combination RT and IC inhibitors(ICIs)are effective in the immunomodulation of many cancer subtypes,with many related clinical trials ongoing.Although surgical excision and elimination of tumour cells by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy remains the gold standard approach in OAC,the propagation of anti-tumour immune responses is rapidly garnering increased support in the curative setting.The aim of this body of work was to immunophenotype OAC patients’IC expression with and without radiation and to establish the impact of checkpoint blockade on cell viability.This study was a hybrid combination of in vitro and ex vivo models.Quantification of serum immune proteins was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Flow cytometry staining was performed to evaluate IC expression for in vitro OAC cell lines and ex vivo OAC biopsies.Cell viability in the presence of radiation with and without IC blockade was assessed by a cell counting kit-8 assay.RESULTS We identified that conventional dosing and hypofractionated approaches resulted in increased IC expression(PD-1,PD-L1,TIM3,TIGIT)in vitro and ex vivo in OAC.There were two distinct subcohorts with one demonstrating significant upregulation of ICs and the contrary in the other cohort.Increasing IC expression post RT was associated with a more aggressive tumour phenotype and adverse features of tumour biology.The use of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies in combination with radiation resulted in a significant and synergistic reduction in viability of both radiosensitive and radioresistant OAC cells in vitro.Interleukin-21(IL-21)and IL-31 significantly increased,with a concomitant reduction in IL-23 as a consequence of 4 Gray radiation.Similarly,radiation induced an anti-angiogenic tumour milieu with reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,basic fibroblast growth factor,Flt-1 and placental growth factor.CONCLUSION The findings of the current study demonstrate synergistic potential for the use of ICIs and ionising radiation to potentiate established anti-tumour responses in the neoadjuvant setting and is of particular interest in those with advanced disease,adverse features of tumour biology and poor treatment responses to conventional therapies. | Noel E Donlon Maria Davern Fiona O'Connell Andrew Sheppard Aisling Heeran Anshul Bhardwaj Christine Butler Ravi Narayanasamy Claire Donohoe James J Phelan Niamh Lynam-Lennon Margaret R Dunne Stephen Maher Jacintha O'Sullivan John V Reynolds Joanne Lysaght | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，21： | 1 |
| 3 | 3.0 泰斯拉对 1.5 泰斯拉胸在最新诊断的乳癌病人的磁性的回声成像显示文摘 AIM:To compare 3.0 Tesla(T) vs 1.5T magnetic resonance(MR) imaging systems in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.METHODS:Upon Institutional Review Board approval,a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Actcompliant retrospective review of 147 consecutive 3.0T MR examinations and 98 consecutive 1.5T MR examinations in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between 7/2009 and 5/2010 was performed.Eleven patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the 3.0T group were excluded.Mammographically occult suspicious lesions(BIRADS Code 4 and 5) additional to the index cancer in the ipsilateral and contralateral breast were identified.Lesion characteristics and pathologic diagnoses were recorded,and results achieved with both systems compared.Statistical significance was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS:In the 3.0T group,206 suspicious lesions were identified in 55%(75/136) of patients and 96%(198/206) of these lesions were biopsied.In the 1.5T group,98 suspicious lesions were identified in 53%(52/98) of patients and 90%(88/98) of these lesions were biopsied.Biopsy results yielded additional malignancies in 24% of patients in the 3.0T group vs 14% of patients in the 1.5T group(33/136 vs 14/98,P = 0.07).Average size and histology of the additional cancers was comparable.Of patients who had a suspicious MR imaging study,additional cancers were found in 44% of patients in the 3.0T group vs 27% in the 1.5T group(33/75 vs 14/52,P = 0.06),yielding a higher positive predictive value(PPV) for biopsies performed with the 3.0T system.CONCLUSION:3.0T MR imaging detected more additional malignancies in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and yielded a higher PPV for biopsies performed with the 3.0T system. | Reni S Butler Christine Chen Reena Vashi Regina J Hooley Liane E Philpotts | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Potential of damage associated molecular patterns in synergising radiation and the immune response in oesophageal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease. | Noel E Donlon Maria Davern Andrew Sheppard Fiona O'Connell Brendan Moran Timothy S Nugent Aisling Heeran James J Phelan Anshul Bhardwaj Christine Butler Narayanasamy Ravi Claire L Donohoe Niamh Lynam-Lennon Stephen Maher John V Reynolds Joanne Lysaght | 2023 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2023，15，8： | 0 |
| 5 | 培训初级医疗临床工作者给予患者适应性改变多种生活行为的咨询:整体随机试验显示文摘目的以患者自我报告4项健康相关行为(吸烟、饮酒、锻炼及饮食)改善的比例为评估点,评估针对初级医疗临床工作者开展的“行为改变咨询”培训的效果。 | Christopher C Butler Sharon A Simpson Kerenza Hood David Cohen Tim Pickles Clio Stpanou Jim McCambridge Laurence Moore Elizabeth Pandell M Fasihul Alam Paul Kinnersley Adrian Edwards Christine Smith Stephen Rollnick 潘志刚 杨秉辉 | 2013 | 英国医学杂志中文版2013，16，3： | 0 |
| 6 | 21世纪促进健康和预防疾病的新模式显示文摘随着年龄的增长,人类患病的可能性逐渐增加。因此,本文作者Robert Butler和他的同事认为干预人体衰老进程比治疗单个疾病更有效。 | Robert N Butler Richard A Miller Daniel Perry Bruce A Cames T Franklin William Christine Cassel Jacob Brody Marie A Bernard Linda Partridge Thomas Kirkwood George M Martin S Jay Olshansky 周财亮(译) 张拓红(校) | 2008 | 英国医学杂志中文版2008，11，4： | 0 |
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