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| 1 | Histone Deacetylase Genes in Arabidopsis Development显示文摘Histone acetylation and deacetylation are directly connected with transcriptional activation and silencing in eukaryotes. Gene families for enzymes that accomplish these histone modifications show surprising complexity in domain organization, tissue-specific expression, and function. This review is focused on the family of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that remove the acetyl group from core histone tails, resulting in a 'closed' chromatin and transcriptional repression. In Arabidopsis, 18 HDAC genes are divided into three different types - RPD3-like, HD-tuin and sirtuin - with two or more members in each type. The structural feature of each HDAC class, the expression profile of each HDAC gene during development and functional insights of important family members are summarized here. It is clear that HDACs are an important class of global transcriptional regulators that play crucial roles in plant development, defense, and adaptation. | Courtney Hollende | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，7： | 32 |
| 2 | 中澳院校联合培养心血管专科护士的实践显示文摘介绍了同济大学附属第十人民医院、同济大学医学院护理系和澳大利亚天主教大学(Australia Catholic University,ACU)护理、助产和急救学院联合培养心血管专科护士项目。项目围绕ACU临床护理硕士学位课程(心血管专科)中4门核心课程,采用理论与实践相结合的分阶段培养模式,分别在上海和澳大利亚布里斯班进行相应内容培训。同济大学附属第十人民医院选拔了15名护士参加该项目为期10个月的培训,所有学员均通过综合测评并获得澳方颁发的心血管专科培训证书。中澳院校联合培养心血管专科护士模式基于详尽周密的课程前期设计准备、实时更新的课程内容设置以及灵活多样的教学考核方式,有助于培养护士开展临床高级实践的能力,但是课程对学员英文水平要求较高,学员在培训前应进行专业英语准备。 | 朱晓萍 施雁 Mary Courtney 孙晓 龚美芳 田梅梅 曾莉 吴茜 | 2015 | 中华护理杂志2015，50，1： | 22 |
| 3 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 4 | Metabolic effects of intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids显示文摘The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size,and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as farnesoid X nuclear receptor(FXR)and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor(TGR5). | Courtney B.Ferrebee Paul A.Dawson | 2015 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2015，5，2： | 20 |
| 5 | Role of radiation therapy in gastric adenocarcinoma显示文摘在有在美国的胃的癌症的病人的结果仍然保持令人失望,与约 23% 的五年的全面幸存率。本地人地区性的控制追随者外科的给定的高率,一个强壮的基本原理为辅助放射治疗的使用存在。使随机化的审判与辅助放射疗法显示出优异本地控制并且与辅助 chemoradiation 改进全面幸存。在由一位富有经验的外科医生经历了 D2 淋巴节点解剖的病人的辅助 chemoradiation 的利益不被知道,并且除了辅助化疗的辅助放射治疗的利益继续定义。在 unresectable 疾病, chemoradiation 在病人的一个小数字允许长期的幸存并且提供有效减轻。大多数试用独自与化疗或放射治疗相比显示出一个好处到联合形式治疗。使用外科手术前, intra 起作用, 3D 保角,并且在胃的癌症的调制放射治疗进一步正在答应,但是要求的紧张学习。当前的文章在能的将切除的治疗考察放射治疗的角色,集中于在美国的当前的建议并且 unresectable 胃的癌。 | Lisa Hazard John O'Connor Courtney Scaife | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 15 |
| 6 | 坐位和重体力工作人群腰背痛流行病学调查显示文摘[目的 ]探讨坐位和重体力工作人群腰背痛的患病情况及其相关危险因素。 [方法 ]对 3类工作人群 (固定体姿、重体力和教师等工种 ,以轻体力自由体姿教师组作为参比组 )采用标准问卷和体检等方法进行横断面调查 ,共调查3 5 6人 (3组分别为 81,181和 94人 )。 [结果 ]坐位、重体力和参比组的累积患病率分别为 79 0 % ,60 2 % ,45 8% ,年患病率分别为 74 1% ,46 4% ,3 7 5 % ,周患病率分别为 3 3 3 % ,13 3 % ,2 1 9% ;对偏倚进行控制后 ,坐位工人累积患病率、年患病率和周患病率与参比组比较的OR值分别为 8 2 ,8 0 ,3 1,而重体力工人则为 4 8,3 7,3 8(P值均小于 0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]固定体姿和重体力劳动都是工作相关腰背痛的重要危险因素 ,健康工人效应在重体力工人组表现明显 ,工种和工作体力要求评分可影响腰背痛的患病情况 。 | 金克峙 Gary Sorock Theodore Courtney 姚振均 葛琳娜 梁友信 | 2002 | 环境与职业医学2002，19，1： | 12 |
| 7 | Induction of therapeutic hypothermia via the esophagus:a proof of concept study显示文摘BACKGROUND:Induction of hypothermia(a 4℃decrease from baseline)improves outcomes in adult cardiac arrest and neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,and may benefit other conditions as well.Methods used to implement or prevent hypothermia typically require skin contact with blankets or pads or intravascular access with catheter devices.The study was to evaluate the potential to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia via an esophageal route in a porcine model.METHODS:Single-animal proof-of-concept study of a prototype esophageal device in a 70 kg Yorkshire swine.We measured the rate of temperature change after placement of a prototype device to induce hypothermia via the esophagus,and compared this rate to known temperature changes that occur under similar laboratory conditions without a hypothermic device.RESULTS:Swine temperature decreased from a starting temperature of 37.8℃to 33.8℃(achieving the goal of a 4℃decrease)in 175 minutes,resulting in a cooling rate of 1.37℃/h.Histopathology of the esophagus showed normal tissue without evidence of injury.CONCLUSION:A prototype of an esophageal cooling device induced hypothermia effectively in a large single-swine model. | Erik B.Kulstad D.Mark Courtney Donald Waller | 2012 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2012，3，2： | 11 |
| 8 | Optimal timing and route of nutritional support after esophagectomy: A review of the literature显示文摘Some controversy surrounds the postoperative feeding regimen utilized in patients who undergo esophagectomy.Variation in practices during the perioperative period exists including the type of nutrition started,the delivery route,and its timing.Adequate nutrition is essential for this patient population as these patients often present with weight loss and have altered eating patterns after surgery,which can affect their ability to regain or maintain weight.Methods of feeding after an esophagectomy include total parenteral nutrition,nasoduodenal/nasojejunal tube feeding,jejunostomy tube feeding,and oral feeding.Recent evidence suggests that early oral feeding is associated with shorter LOS,faster return of bowel function,and improved quality of life.Enhanced recovery pathways after surgery pathways after esophagectomy with a component of early oral feeding also seem to be safe,feasible,and cost-effective,albeit with limited data.However,data on anastomotic leaks is mixed,and some studies suggest that the incidence of leaks may be higher with early oral feeding.This risk of anastomotic leak with early feeding may be heavily modulated by surgical approach.No definitive data is currently available to definitively answer this question,and further studies should look at how these early feeding regimens vary by surgical technique.This review aims to discuss the existing literature on the optimal route and timing of feeding after esophagectomy. | Richard Zheng Courtney L Devin Michael J Pucci Adam C Berger Ernest L Rosato Francesco Palazzo | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 11 |
| 9 | Osteocyte dysfunction promotes osteoarthritis through MMP13-dependent suppression of subchondral bone homeostasis显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA),long considered a primary disorder of articular cartilage,is commonly associated with subchondral bone sclerosis.However,the cellular mechanisms responsible for changes to subchondral bone in OA,and the extent to which these changes are drivers of or a secondary reaction to cartilage degeneration,remain unclear.In knee joints from human patients with end-stage OA,we found evidence of profound defects in osteocyte function.Suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR)was most severe in the medial compartment of OA subchondral bone,with lower protease expression,diminished canalicular networks,and disorganized and hypermineralized extracellular matrix.As a step toward evaluating the causality of PLR suppression in OA,we ablated the PLR enzyme MMP13 in osteocytes while leaving chondrocytic MMP13 intact,using Cre recombinase driven by the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter.Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppress PLR in cortical and subchondral bone,but it also compromised cartilage.Even in the absence of injury,osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content,change chondrocyte production of collagen II,aggrecan,and MMP13,and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions,consistent with early OA.Thus,in humans and mice,defects in PLR coincide with cartilage defects.Osteocyte-derived MMP13 emerges as a critical regulator of cartilage homeostasis,likely via its effects on PLR.Together,these findings implicate osteocytes in bone-cartilage crosstalk in the joint and suggest a causal role for suppressed perilacunar/canalicular remodeling in osteoarthritis. | Courtney MMazur Jonathon JWoo Cristal SYee Aaron JFields Claire Acevedo Karsyn NBailey Serra Kaya Tristan WFowler Jeffrey CLotz Alexis Dang Alfred CKuo Thomas PVail Tamara Alliston | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，4： | 10 |
| 10 | Mainstreaming Early Warning Systems in Development and Planning Processes: Multilevel Implementation of Sendai Framework in Indus and Sahel显示文摘The third UN World Congress on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan in March 2015, agreed on a new framework to guide disaster risk reduction policy and practice for the next 15 years. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) leaves important implementation issues unspecified and potentially creates both problems and opportunities for complex,multilevel governance systems in coping with hazards and disastrous events. Early warning systems(EWS), if built into the mainstream of planning for development and disaster relief and recovery, could present a significant opportunity to realize many SFDRR goals. We explore the complexities of using hydrometeorological EWS to prepare for drought and flood disasters in the densely populated communities of Pakistan’s Indus River Basin in contrast to the African Sahel’s less densely settled grasslands. Multilevel governance systems are often dominated by a topdown, technocentric, centralized management bias and have great difficulty responding to the needs of peripheral and vulnerable populations. People-centered, bottom-up approaches that incorporate disaggregated communities with local knowledge into a balanced, multilevel disaster risk management and governance structure have adramatically better chance of realizing the SFDRR goals for disaster risk reduction. | Asim Zia Courtney Hammond Wagner | 2015 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2015，6，2： | 9 |
| 11 | 赤泥堆场修复促进土壤发育和植被重建(英文)显示文摘赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程排放的强碱性固体废物,盐碱性强和营养元素匮乏是影响赤泥堆场植物生长的主要限制因素。对赤泥堆场的长期野外研究,分析基质改良对赤泥理化特性和植物多样性的影响,结果表明:施用石膏后,赤泥pH和可交换钠明显降低,黑麦草和红牛轴草发芽指数分别由22%和42%提高到100%;施用堆肥显著提高赤泥碳、氮、磷等养分元素含量;赤泥改良1年后,绒毛草主要元素含量与普通草地植物元素含量相似;基质改良5年后,绒毛草和红牛轴草钠含量显著降低,分别由0.6%和0.58%降低到0.3%和0.1%,赤泥堆场优势物种为菊科、豆科和禾本科植物。研究结果对赤泥土壤化研究及堆场生态修复实践具有重要的参考价值。 | Ronan COURTNEY 薛生国 | 2019 | Journal of Central South University2019，26，2： | 7 |
| 12 | Natural products targeting the p53-MDM2 pathway and mutant p53: Recent advances and implications in cancer medicine显示文摘The p53 tumor suppressor plays a major role in controlling the initiation and development of cancer by regulating cell cycle arrest,apoptosis,senescence,and DNA repair.The MDM2 oncogene is a major negative regulator of p53 that inhibits the activity of p53 and reduces its protein stability.MDM2,p53,and the p53-MDM2 pathway represent welldocumented targets for preventing and/or treating cancer.Natural products,especially those from medicinal and food plants,are a rich source for the discovery and development of novel therapeutic and preventive agents against human cancers.Many natural product-derived MDM2 inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against various human cancers.In contrast to synthetic small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors,the majority of which have been designed to inhibit MDM2-p53 binding and activate p53,many natural product inhibitors directly decrease MDM2 expression and/or MDM2 stability,exerting their anticancer activity in both p53-dependent and p53-independent manners.More recently,several natural products have been reported to target mutant p53 in cancer.Therefore,identification of natural products targeting MDM2,mutant p53,and the p53-MDM2 pathway can provide a promising strategy for the development of novel cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.In this review,we focus our discussion on the recent advances in the discovery and development of anticancer natural products that target the p53-MDM2 pathway,emphasizing several emerging issues,such as the efficacy,mechanism of action,and specificity of these natural products. | Jiang-Jiang Qin Xin Li Courtney Hunt Wei Wang Hui Wang Ruiwen Zhang | 2018 | Genes & Diseases2018，5，3： | 7 |
| 13 | APOBEC deaminases-mutases with defensive roles for immunity显示文摘In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the elucidation of the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of the apolioprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family of enzymes. The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases has important functional roles within the adaptive and innate immune system. Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) plays a central role in the biochemical steps of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination during antibody maturation, and the APOBEC 3 enzymes are able to inhibit the mobility of retroelements and the replication of retroviruses and DNA viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B virus. Recent advances in structural and functional studies of the APOBEC enzymes provide new biochemical insights for how these enzymes carry out their biological roles. In this review, we provide an overview of these recent advances in the APOBEC field with a special emphasis on AID and APOBEC3G. | Courtney PROCHNOW Ronda BRANSTEITTER | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，10： | 6 |
| 14 | Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel显示文摘Shock tubes create simulated blast waves which can be directed and measured lo study blast wave effects under laboratory conditions.It is desirable to increase available peak pressure from ~1 MPa to ~5 MPa to simulate closer blast sources and facilitate development and testing of personal and vehicle armors.Three methods are experimentally investigated to increase peak simulated blast pressure produced by an oxyacetylene driven shock tube while maintaining suitability for laboratory studies.The first method is the addition of a Shchelkin spiral priming section which supports a deflagration to detonation transition.This approach increases the average peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 5.33 MPa while maintaining a relevant pressure-time curve(near Friedlander waveform).The second method is a bottleneck between the driving and driven sections.Coupling a 79 mm diameter driving section to a 53 mm driven section increases the peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 2.25 MPa.A 103 mm driving section is used to increase peak pressure to 2.64 MPa.The third method,adding solid fuel to the driving section with the oxyacetylene,results in a peak pressure increasing to 1.70 MPa. | Elijah COURTNEY Amy COURTNEY Michael COURTNEY | 2014 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2014，10，2： | 5 |
| 15 | Adipose stem cell-based regenerative medicine for reversal of diabetic hyperglycemia显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(diabetes) is a devastating disease that affects millions of people globally and causes a myriad of complications that lead to both patient morbidity and mortality. Currently available therapies, including insulin injection and beta cell replacement through either pancreas or pancreatic islet transplantation, are limited by the availability of organs. Stem cells provide an alternative treatment option for beta cell replacement through selective differentiation of stem cells into cells that recognize glucose and produce and secrete insulin. Embryonic stem cells, albeit pluripotent, face a number of challenges, including ethical and political concerns and potential teratoma formation. Adipose tissue represents an alternative source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, which can be obtained using a relatively simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive method. Similarly to other adult mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are capable of differentiating into insulin-producing cells. They are also capable of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which facilitate engraftment of donor pancreatic islets when co-transplanted. Additionally, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of ADSCs can protect donorislets during the early phase of transplantation and subsequently improve engraftment of donor islets into the recipient organ. Although ADSC-therapy is still in its infancy, the potential benefits of ADSCs are far reaching. | Hyun Joon Paek Courtney Kim Stuart K Williams | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，3： | 5 |
| 16 | 美科学家完成大豆基因组测序显示文摘期待已久的大豆基因组序列终于测通。在2010年1月14日的《Nature》杂志上,公布了由美国农业部、美国能源部联合基因组研究所和普渡大学等多家科研机构联合完成的豆科植物最重要的物种大豆的完整基因组序列草图。 | Courtney H.Wilcox | 2010 | 农业生物技术学报2010，18，1： | 5 |
| 17 | Harnessing the stem cell properties of pericytes to repair the brain显示文摘Over the last ten years or so,it has become apparent that pericytes have the potential to differentiate into other cell types which may help in the repair and regeneration of tissue after injury.In fact,pericytes have been described as a precursor to mesenchymal stem cells.Their location at the interface between the microvasculature and the brain parenchyma means they are ideally positioned to initiate repair and regeneration in response to various factors.In this perspective,we will highlight how pericytes have stem cell potential alongside their role in regulating processes,such as angiogenesis and inflammation,and discuss how pericytes could be harnessed to promote tissue repair in the brain(Figure 1). | Jo-Maree Courtney Brad A.Sutherland | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，6： | 4 |
| 18 | 耐碱产酸菌筛选及其在赤泥碱性调控中的应用(英文)显示文摘赤泥堆场是一种典型矿业废弃地,盐度高,碱性强,对植物生长十分不利。酸碱中和是降低赤泥碱性的主要方法,对堆场植被重建具有重要意义。本研究从赤泥堆场中筛选出1株耐碱产酸细菌EEEL02,经鉴定,该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌,从属于芽孢杆菌门。通过单因素试验确定该菌株最佳产酸条件:初始pH为10,盐浓度5%,培养温度25°C;最优发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖2%,蛋白胨0.5%。将EEEL02接种于赤泥中,在最佳培养条件下培养5 d后,赤泥p H从10.26降低至5.62。EEEL02在发酵过程中主要代谢产物为乙酸、丙酸和二氧化碳。微生物发酵产酸过程能有效降低赤泥碱度,为赤泥碱性调控提出一种新思路。 | 吴昊 廖嘉欣 朱锋 Graeme MILLAR Ronan COURTNEY 薛生国 | 2019 | Journal of Central South University2019，26，2： | 4 |
| 19 | Peroxisomes,oxidative stress,and inflammation显示文摘Peroxisomes are intracellular organelles mediating a wide variety of biosynthetic and biodegradative reactions.Included among these are the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive species,molecules whose levels help define the oxidative state of cells.Loss of oxidative equilibrium in cells of tissues and organs potentiates inflammatory responses which can ultimately trigger human disease.The goal of this article is to review evidence for connections between peroxisome function,oxidative stress,and inflammation in the context of human health and degenerative disease.Dysregulated points in this nexus are identified and potential remedial approaches are presented. | Stanley R Terlecky Laura J Terlecky Courtney R Giordano | 2012 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2012，3，5： | 4 |
| 20 | Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts显示文摘 | Paul Brunt Paul Courtney | 1999 | Annals of Tourism Research1999，，3： | 4 |
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