| 1 | Peripartal rumen-protected methionine supplementation to higher energy diets elicits positive effects on blood neutrophil gene networks, performance and liver lipid content in dairy cows显示文摘Background: Main objectives were to determine to what extent Smartamine M(SM) supplementation to a prepartal higher-energy diet could alter neutrophil(PMN) and liver tissue immunometabolic biomarkers, and whether those responses were comparable to those in cows fed a prepartal lower-energy diet(CON).Results: Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed CON(NEL= 1.24 Mcal/kg DM) during d-50 to d-22 relative to calving. From d-21 to calving, cows were randomly assigned to a higher-energy diet(OVE, n = 9; NEL= 1.54 Mcal/kg DM), OVE plus SM(OVE + SM, n = 10; SM = 0.07 % of DM) or remained on CON(n = 9). Al cows received the same basal lactation diet(NEL= 1.75 Mcal/kg DM). Supplementation of SM(OVE + SM) continued until 30 d postpartum. Liver biopsies were harvested at d-10, 7, and 21 relative to parturition. Blood PMN isolated at-10, 3, and 21 d relative to calving was used to evaluate gene expression. As expected, OVE increased liver lipid content postpartum; however,cows fed OVE + SM or CON had lower concentrations than OVE. Compared with OVE, cows in CON and OVE + SM had greater DMI postpartum and milk production. Furthermore, cows fed OVE + SM had the greatest milk protein and fat percentage and lowest milk SCC despite having intermediate PMN phagocytic capacity. Adaptations in PMN gene expression in OVE + SM cows associated with the lower SCC were gradual increases from-10 to 21 d in genes that facilitate migration into inflammatory sites(SELL, ITGAM), enzymes essential for reducing reactive oxygen metabolites(SOD1, SOD2), and a transcription factor(s) required for controlling PMN development(RXRA). The greater expression of TLR4 on d 3, key for activation of innate immunity due to inflammation, in OVE compared with CON cows suggests a more pronounced inflammatory state. Feeding OVE + SM dampened the upregulation of TLR4, despite the fact that these cows had similar expression of the pro-inflammatory genes NFKB1 and TNF as OVE. Cows in CON had lower overall expression of these inflammation-related genes and GSR, which generates reduced glutathione, an important cellular antioxidant.Conclusions: Although CON cows appeared to have a less stressful transition into lactation, SM supplementation was effective in alleviating negative effects of energy-overfeeding. As such, SM was beneficial in terms of production and appeared to boost the response of PMN in a way that improved overall cow health. | Cong Li Fernanda Batistel Johan Samir Osorio James K.Drackley Daniel Luchini Juan J.Loor | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，3： | 8 |
| 2 | Supplemental Smartamine M in higher-energy diets during the prepartal period improves hepatic biomarkers of health and oxidative status in Holstein cows显示文摘Background: Feeding higher-energy prepartum is a common practice in the dairy industry. However, recent data underscore how it could reduce performance, deepen negative energy balance, and augment inflammation and oxidative stress in fresh cows. We tested the effectiveness of rumen-protected methionine in preventing the negative effect of feeding a higher-energy prepartum. Multiparous Holstein cows were fed a control lower-energy diet(CON, 1.24 Mcal/kg DM; high-straw) during the whole dry period(~50 d), or were switched to a higher-energy(OVE, 1.54 Mcal/kg DM), or OVE plus Smartamine M(OVE + SM; Adisseo NA) during the last 21 d before calving.Afterwards cows received the same lactation diet(1.75 Mcal/kg DM). Smartamine M was top-dressed on the OVE diet(0.07% of DM) from -21 through 30 d in milk(DIM). Liver samples were obtained via percutaneous biopsy at -10, 7 and 21 DIM. Expression of genes associated with energy and lipid metabolism, hepatokines, methionine cycle, antioxidant capacity and inflammation was measured.Results: Postpartal dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk were higher in CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE. Furthermore, milk protein and fat percentages were greater in OVE + SM compared with CON and OVE. Expression of the gluconeogenic gene PCK1 and the lipid-metabolism transcription regulator PPARA was again greater with CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE. Expression of the lipoprotein synthesis enzyme MTTP was lower in OVE + SM than CON or OVE. Similarly, the hepatokine FGF21, which correlates with severity of negative energy balance, was increased postpartum only in OVE compared to the other two groups. These results indicate greater liver metabolism and functions to support a greater production in OVE + SM. At 7 DIM, the enzyme GSR involved in the synthesis of glutathione tended to be upregulated in OVE than CON-fed cows, suggesting a greater antioxidant demand in overfed cows. Feeding OVE + SM resulted in lower similar expression of GSR compared with CON. Expression of the methionine cycle enzymes SAHH and MTR, both of which help synthesize methionine endogenously, was greater prepartum in OVE + SM compared with both CON and OVE, and at 7 DIM for CON and OVE + SM compared with OVE, suggesting greater Met availability. It is noteworthy that DNMT3A, which utilizes S-adenosylmethionine generated in the methionine cycle, was greater in OVE and OVE + SM indicating higher-energy diets might enhance DNA methylation, thus, Met utilization.Conclusions: Data indicate that supplemental Smartamine M was able to compensate for the negative effect of prepartal energy-overfeeding by alleviating the demand for intracellular antioxidants, thus, contributing to the increase in production. Moreover Smartamine M improved hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, leading to greater liver function and better overall health. | Mario Vailati-Riboni Johan S.Osorio Erminio Trevisi Daniel Luchini Juan J.Loor | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 3 |
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