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| 1 | The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system显示文摘This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical benefits of the exercise—immune relationship,(3) nutritional influen?ces on the immune response to exercise, and(4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers,and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches(i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise irmmunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the person?alized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases. | David C.Nieman Laurel M.Wentz | 2019 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2019，8，3： | 32 |
| 2 | Coronavirus disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society显示文摘Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses cause widespread morbidity and mortality,and this class of illness now includes the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome that is causing coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).The world is experiencing a major demographic shift toward an older,obese,and physically inactive populace.Risk factor assessments based on pandemic data indicate that those at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 include older males,and people of all ages with obesity and related comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.Aging in and of itself leads to negative changes in innate and adaptive immunity,a process termed immunosenescence.Obesity causes systemic inflammation and adversely impacts immune function and host defense in a way that patterns immunosenescence.Two primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk for COVID-19 at both the community and individual levels include mitigation activities and the adoption of lifestyle practices consistent with good immune health.Animal and human studies support the idea that,in contrast to high exercise workloads,regular moderate-intensity physical activity improves immunosurveillance against pathogens and reduces morbidity and mortality from viral infection and respiratory illnesses including the common cold,pneumonia,and influenza.The odds are high that infectious disease pandemics spawned by novel pathogens will continue to inflict morbidity and mortality as the world’s population becomes older and more obese.COVID-19 is indeed a wake-up call,a tocsin,to the world that primary prevention countermeasures focused on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support. | David C.Nieman | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，4： | 4 |
| 3 | Exercise immunology:Future directions显示文摘Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training.Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits.Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function.During the past decade,technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology.This article provides an overview of metabolomics,lipidomics,and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology,with a focus on immunometabolism.This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise,with applications to human health and immunity.Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases,and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms.This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators. | David C.Nieman Brandt D.Pence | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Physical activity lowers the risk for acute respiratory infections:Time for recognition显示文摘Physical inactivity is a well-established risk factor for chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular disease,cancer,and diabetes mellitus.There is a growing awareness that physical inactivity should also be regarded as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).ARIs,such as the common cold,influenza,pneumonia,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),are among the most pervasive diseases on earth and cause widespread morbidity and mortality.Evidence in support of the linkage between ARIs and physical inactivity has been strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased scientific scrutiny.Large-scale studies have consistently reported that the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes is elevated in cohorts with low physical activity and/or physical fitness,even after adjusting for other risk factors.The lowered risk for severe COVID-19 and other ARIs in physically active groups is attributed to exercise-induced immunoprotective effects,including enhanced surveillance of key immune cells and reduced chronic inflammation.Scientific consensus groups,including those who submitted the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,have not yet given this area of research the respect that is due.It is time to add“reduced risk for ARIs”to the“Exercise is Medicine”list of physical activity-related health benefits. | David C.Nieman Camila A.Sakaguchi | 2022 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2022，11，6： | 1 |
| 5 | 为期6周的饮食和锻炼干预可改变中国11-13岁肥胖儿童代谢综合症的风险因素(英文)显示文摘目的:研究人员进行了一项随机对照实验,验证为期6周的低卡路里摄入和有氧运动干预能否改变中国青春期前的肥胖儿童代谢综合症(Met S)的风险因素。方法:实验对象被随机分到饮食运动组(实验组)和对照组。实验组的对象根据自身基础代谢率的不同,6周内每天摄取的热量为1 600到2 000卡路里不等,并坚持高负荷有氧运动(每周6天,每天2次,每次3 h)。共215名11-13岁的肥胖儿童参加此实验,其中167人(实验组95人,对照组72人)完成此实验。实验前后测量的参数包括:体重、体质指数、腰围、体脂率、血压及其他采自空腹血样的代谢综合症的相关指标(血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素、血糖)。结果:与对照组相比,除却男孩的空腹时血脂(p=0.09),实验组的所有指标均显著下降(p<0.05)。结论:为期6周集中饮食和运动干预,有利于改善中国11-13岁肥胖儿童代谢综合症的风险因素。 | Beibei Luo Yang Yang David C.Nieman Yajun Zhang Jie Wang Ru Wang Peijie Chen | 2013 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2013，2，4： | 1 |
| 6 | 运动免疫学的临床意义(英文)显示文摘Maintaining leanness and a physically active lifestyle during adulthood reduces systemic inflammation,an underlying factor in multiple chronic diseases.The anti-inflammatory influence of near-daily physical activity in lowering C-reactive protein,total blood leukocytes,interleukin -6,and other inflammatory cytokines may play a key role in lowering risk of cardiovascular disease,certain types of cancer,type 2 diabetes,sarcopenia,and dementia.Moderate exercise training causes favorable perturbations in immunity and a reduction in incidence of upper respiratory tract infection(URTI).During each bout of moderate exercise,an enhanced recirculation of immunoglobulins,neutrophils,and natural killer cells occurs that persists for up to 3-h post-exercise.This exercise-induced surge in immune cells from the innate immune system is transient but improves overall surveillance against pathogens.As moderate exercise continues on a near-daily basis for 12—15 weeks,the number of symptoms days with URTI is decreased 25%—50%compared to randomized sedentary controls.Epidemiologic and animal studies support this inverse relationship between URTI risk and increased physical activity. | David C.Nieman | 2012 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2012，1，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Consumption of blueberry polyphenols reduces exerciseinduced oxidative stress compared to vitamin C显示文摘 | Steven R.MeAnulty Lisa S.McAnulty David C.Nieman | | 0，，： | 1 |
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