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| 1 | Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells显示文摘The gastrointestinal epithelium has cells with features that make them a powerful line of defense in innate mucosal immunity. Features that allow gastrointestinal epithelial cells to contribute in innate defense include cell barrier integrity, cell turnover, autophagy, and innate immune responses. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a spiral shape gram negative bacterium that selectively colonizes the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world's population. The infection invariably becomes persistent due to highly specialized mechanisms that facilitate H. pylori 's avoidance of this initial line of host defense as well as adaptive immune mechanisms. The host response is thus unsuccessful in clearing the infection and as a result becomes established as a persistent infection promoting chronic inflammation. In some individuals the associated inflammation contributes to ulcerogenesis or neoplasia. H. pylori has an array of different strategies to interact intimately with epithelial cells and manipulate their cellular processes and functions. Among the multiple aspects that H. pylori affects in gastric epithelial cells are their distribution of epithelial junctions, DNA damage, apoptosis, proliferation, stimulation of cytokine production, and cell transformation. Some of these processes are initiated as a result of the activation of signaling mechanisms activated on binding of H. pylori to cell surface receptors or via soluble virulence factors that gain access to the epithelium. The multiple responses by the epithelium to the infection contribute to pathogenesis associated with H. pylori. | Shatha Alzahrani Taslima T Lina Jazmin Gonzalez Irina V Pinchuk Ellen J Beswick Victor E Reyes | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 15 |
| 2 | Immune evasion strategies used by Helicobacter pylori显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is perhaps the most ubiquitous and successful human pathogen, since it colonizes the stomach of more than half of humankind. Infection with this bacterium is commonly acquired during childhood. Once infected, people carry the bacteria for decades or even for life, if not treated. Persistent infection with this pathogen causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and is also strongly associated with the development of gastric cancer. Despite induction of innate and adaptive immune responses in the infected individual, the host is unable to clear the bacteria. One widely accepted hallmark of H. pylori is that it successfully and stealthily evades host defense mechanisms. Though the gastric mucosa is well protected against infection, H. pylori is able to reside under the mucus, attach to gastric epithelial cells and cause persistent infection by evading immune responses mediated by host. In this review, we discuss how H. pylori avoids innate and acquired immune response elements, uses gastric epithelial cells as mediators to manipulate host T cell responses and uses virulence factors to avoid adaptive immune responses by T cells to establish a persistent infection. We also discuss in this review how the genetic diversity of this pathogen helps for its survival. | Taslima T Lina Shatha Alzahrani Jazmin Gonzalez Irina V Pinchuk Ellen J Beswick Victor E Reyes | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 7 |
| 3 | Medical training fails to prepare providers to care for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection显示文摘AIM: To investigate physicians' knowledge including chronic hepatitis B(CHB) diagnosis, screening, and management in various stages of their training.METHODS: A voluntary 20-question survey was administered in Santa Clara County, CA where Asian and Pacific Islanders(API) account for a third of the population. Among the 219 physician participants,there were 63 interns, 60 second-year residents, 26 chief residents and 70 attending physicians. The survey asked questions regarding respondents' demographics,general hepatitis B virus knowledge questions(i.e.,transmission, prevalence, diagnostic testing, prevention,and treatment options), as well as, self-reported practice behavior and confidence in knowledge.RESULTS: Knowledge about screening and managing patients with CHB was poor: only 24% identified the correct tests to screen for CHB, 13% knew the next steps for patients testing positive for CHB, 18% knew the high prevalence rate among API, and 31% knew how to screen for liver cancer. Wald chi-square analysis determined the effect of training level on knowledge; in all cases except for knowledge of liver cancer screening(p = 0.0032), knowledge did not significantly increase with length in residency training or completion of residency.CONCLUSION: Even in a high-risk region, both medical school and residency training have not adequatelyprepared physicians in the screening and management of CHB. | Stephanie D Chao Bing-Mei Wang Ellen T Chang Li Ma Samuel K So | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，22： | 2 |
| 4 | Strategic guidelines for street canyon geometry to achieve sustainable street air quality显示文摘 | ANDY T C ELLEN S P SO | 2001 | Atmosphere Environment2001，35，： | 1 |
| 5 | Pl&tetet &lloimmuniz&tion &fter transf- usion显示文摘 | Ellen T Anne CS Erik H et &l | 1977 | Vox 9&ng1977，72，： | 1 |
| 6 | Clongying and nucleotide of Newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuram inidase mRNA:identification of a putative sialic acid binding site显示文摘 | ELLEN D J PETER L C PTTER T L | 1987 | Vorlogy1987，156，： | 1 |
| 7 | Chronic L - NAME induced hypertension 显示文摘 | Tozef B Ellen OW Minori T | 2000 | Circulation2000，101，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Systematic Evaluation of the Adaptation of Depression Diagnostic Methods for Stroke Survi- vors Who Have Aphasia显示文摘 | Ellen T Marian B Kimy MA | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Utilization and turnover of labile dissolved organic matter by bacterial heterotrophs in eastern North Pacific surface waters 显示文摘 | Jennifer C James A A E Ellen T M | 1996 | Mar Ecol Prog Ser1996，139，： | 1 |
| 10 | Architecture and development environment of a knowledge-based monitor that facilitate incremental knowledge-base development显示文摘 | Bass Ellen J Ernst-Fortin Samuel T Small R L | 2004 | IEEE Transactions on Systems Man And Cybernetics-Part A:Systems and Humans2004，34，4： | 1 |
| 11 | The quail cotumix cotumix, as a laboratory animal显示文摘 | ELLEN P RESSE REESE T W | 1962 | Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior1962，5，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Expression of acid invertase gene controls sugar composition in tomato(Lycopersicon) Fruit显示文摘 | ELLEN M K ROGER T C | 1993 | Plant Physiol1993，103，： | 1 |
| 13 | Comparison of small and large deformation rheologic properties of wheat dough and gluten显示文摘 | Kari M T Ellen M M Pernille B | 2003 | Cereal Chemistry2003，80，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an update of the MAC-NPC meta-analysis显示文摘 | Pierre Blanchard Anne Lee Sophie Marguet Julie Leclercq Wai Tong Ng Jun Ma Anthony T C Chan Pei-Yu Huang Ellen Benhamou Guopei Zhu Daniel T T Chua Yong Chen Hai-Qiang Mai Dora L W Kwong Shie Lee Cheah James Moon Yuk Tung Kwan-Hwa Chi George Fountzilas Li | 2015 | The Lancet Oncology2015，，： | 1 |
| 15 | A comparison Of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action显示文摘 | Madden T Ellen P S Ajzen I | 1992 | Personality and Social Psychology & Bulletin1992，11，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Bmil Controls Tumor Development in an Ink4a/Arf-Independent Manner in a Mouse Model for Glioma显示文摘 | Sophia WMB Danielle H Ellen T | 2007 | Cancer Cell2007，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Aprotinin and tranexamic acid for high transfusion risk cardiac surgery显示文摘 | Bill I Wong Richard F McLean Stephen E Fremes Katherine A Deemar Ellen M Harrington George T Christakis Bernard S Goldman | 2000 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery2000，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival Among Asian Women by Ethnicity and Immigrant Status: A Population-Based Study显示文摘 | Gomez Scarlett Lin Clarke Christina A Shema Sarah J Chang Ellen T Keegan Theresa H M Glaser Sally L | 2010 | American Journal of Public Health2010，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | NDRG1,a growth and cancer related gene:regulation of gene expression and function in normal and disease states显示文摘 | Ellen T Ke Q Zhang P | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 20 | AC electrokinetic platform for iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery显示文摘 | Vadim F.Lvovich Ellen Matthews Alan T | | 0，，： | 1 |
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