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| 1 | Exosomes in cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy显示文摘As an important means of communication among cells,exosomes are being studied more and more widely,especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy.In the phase of tumor immunoediting,exosomes derived from tumor cells and different immune cells have complex and changeable physiological functions,because they carry different proteins and nucleic acid from the source cells.Based on the role of exosomes in the communication between different cells,cancer treatment methods are also under continuous research.This review briefly introduces the molecular composition of exosomes,which is closely related to their secretion mechanism.Subsequently,the role of exosomes encapsulating different information molecules is summarized.The role of exosomes in the three phases of tumor immunoediting is introduced in detail,and the relevant literature of exosomes in the tumor immunemicroenvironment is summarized by using a novel framework for extracting relevant documents.Finally,it summarizes the various exosome-based immunotherapies currently proposed,as well as the challenges and future prospects of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy. | Yarong Zhao Luotong Liu Rongze Sun Guilin Cui Shuyu Guo Songren Han Ziwei Li Tian Bai Lesheng Teng | 2022 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2022，17，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Effects of water stress on sorbitol production and anatomical changes in the nuclei of leaf and root cells of young loquat tress 显示文摘 | Cui Shimao Chen Guilin Nil Naosuke | 2003 | Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science2003，72，5： | 1 |
| 3 | High-precision potassium isotope analysis using the Nu Sapphire collision cell(CC)-MC-ICP-MS显示文摘This study presents high-precision analyses of stable potassium(K)isotope ratio using the recently-developed,collision-cell multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(CC-MC-ICP-MS,Nu Sapphire).The accuracy of our analyses is confirmed by measuring well-characterized geostandards(including rocks and seawater).Our results are consistent with literature values and a precision of 0.04‰(2SD)has been achieved based on multiple measurements of BCR-2 geostandard over a six-month period.We also evaluate factors that may lead to artificial isotope fractionations,including the mismatches in K concentration and acid molarity between samples and bracketing standards,as well as potential matrices.As the K adsorption capacity of AGW50-X8(200-400 mesh)is reduced with an increasing amount of matrix elements,less than 150µg K was loaded during the column chemistry.To evaluate the potential use of K isotopes as an archive of paleo seawater composition,δ^(41)K values of an international seawater standard(IAPSO),a Mn-nodule(NOD-P-1),and two iron formation standards(FeR-2 and FeR-4)are reported.The δ^(41)K value of IAPSO is consistent with other seawater samples reported previously,further substantiating a homogeneous K isotopic distribution in modern global oceans.The K isotopes in Mn-nodule(NOD-P-1:−0.121±0.013‰)and iron formation samples(FeR-2:−0.538±0.009‰;FeR-4:−0.401±0.008‰)seem to be an effective tracer of their formation genesis and compositional changes of ancient seawater.Our results suggest that high-precision measurements of stable K isotopes can be routinely obtained and open up a large variety of geological applications,such as continental weathering,hydrothermal circulation and alteration of oceanic crust. | Wenjun LI Mengmeng CUI Qiqi PAN Jing WANG Bingyu GAO Shanke LIU Meng YUAN Benxun SU Ye ZHAO Fang-Zhen TENG Guilin HAN | 2022 | Science China Earth Sciences2022，65，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ-and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats显示文摘BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissueswere confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe. | Weijiang Zhao Fang Yuan Guilin Li Zhongfang Shi Yun Cui Yazhuo Zhang Zhongcheng Wang | 2007 | Neural Regeneration Research2007，2，5： | 0 |
| 5 | Sonic hedgehog elevates N-myc gene expression in neural stem cells显示文摘Proliferation of neural stem cells is regulated by the secreted signaling molecule sonic hedgehog. In this study, neural stem cells were infected with recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing sonic hedgehog-N-enhanced green fluorescent protein. The results showed that over expression of sonic hedgehog in neural stem cells induced the increased expression of Gli1 and N-myc, a target gene of sonic hedgehog. These findings suggest that N-myc is a direct downstream target of the sonic hedgehog signal pathway in neural stem cells. Sonic hedgehog and N-myc are important mediators of sonic hedgehog-induced proliferation of neural stem cells. | Dongsheng Liu Shouyu Wang Yan Cui Lun Shen Yanping Du Guilin Li Bo Zhang Renzhi Wang | 2012 | Neural Regeneration Research2012，7，22： | 0 |
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