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| 1 | Computational design in architecture:Defining parametric,generative,and algorithmic design显示文摘Computation-based approaches in design have emerged in the last decades and rapidly became popular among architects and other designers.Design professionals and researchers adopted different terminologies to address these approaches.However,some terms are used ambiguously and inconsistently,and different terms are commonly used to express the same concept.This paper discusses computational design(CD)and proposes an improved and sound taxonomy for a set of key CD terms,namely,parametric,generative,and algorithmic design,based on an extensive literature review from which different definitions by various authors were collected,analyzed,and compared. | Ines Caetano Luis Santos Antonio Leitao | 2020 | Frontiers of Architectural Research2020，9，2： | 6 |
| 2 | BLEED-Myocardial Infarction Score:Predicting mid-term post-discharge bleeding events显示文摘AIM:To derive and validate a score for the prediction of mid-term bleeding events following discharge for myocardial infarction(MI).METHODS:One thousand and fifty patients admitted for MI and followed for 19.9 ± 6.7 mo were assigned to a derivation cohort.A new risk model,called BLEEDMI,was developed for predicting clinically significant bleeding events during follow-up(primary endpoint) and a composite endpoint of significant hemorrhage plus all-cause mortality(secondary endpoint),incorporating the following variables:age,diabetes mellitus,arterial hypertension,smoking habits,blood urea nitrogen,glomerular filtration rate and hemoglobin at admission,history of stroke,bleeding during hospitalization or previous major bleeding,heart failure during hospitalization and anti-thrombotic therapies prescribedat discharge.The BLEED-MI model was tested for calibration,accuracy and discrimination in the derivation sample and in a new,independent,validation cohort comprising 852 patients admitted at a later date.RESULTS:The BLEED-MI score showed good calibration in both derivation and validation samples(HosmerLemeshow test P value 0.371 and 0.444,respectively) and high accuracy within each individual patient(Brier score 0.061 and 0.067,respectively).Its discriminative performance in predicting the primary outcome was relatively high(c-statistic of 0.753 ± 0.032 in the derivation cohort and 0.718 ± 0.033 in the validation sample).Incidence of primary/secondary endpoints increased progressively with increasing BLEED-MI scores.In the validation sample,a BLEED-MI score below 2 had a negative predictive value of 98.7%(152/154) for the occurrence of a clinically significant hemorrhagic episode during follow-up and for the composite endpoint of post-discharge hemorrhage plus all-cause mortality.An accurate prediction of bleeding events was shown independently of mortality,as BLEED-MI predicted bleeding with similar efficacy in patients who did not die during follow-up:Area Under the Curve 0.703,Hosmer-Lemeshow test P value 0.547,Brier score 0.060;low-risk(BLEED-MI score 0-3) event rate:1.2%;intermediate risk(score 4-6) event rate:5.6%;high risk(score ≥ 7) event rate:12.5%.CONCLUSION:A new bedside prediction-scoring model for post-discharge mid-term bleeding has been derived and preliminarily validated.This is the first score designed to predict mid-term hemorrhagic risk in patients discharged following admission for acute MI.This model should be externally validated in larger cohorts of patients before its potential implementation. | Sérgio Barra Rui Providência Francisca Caetano Inês Almeida Luís Paiva Paulo Dinis António Leito Marques | 2013 | World Journal of Cardiology2013，5，6： | 0 |
| 3 | Digital representation methods:The case of algorithmic design显示文摘Architectural representation encompasses the means used to describe architectural entities.This discipline has long been under constant change due to architects’everpresent desire for innovation.Algorithmic design(AD)is currently making its way into the plethora of representation methods that integrate the architect’s day-to-day work tools.However,it provides its fair share of controversy and hardship as it goes.This paper assesses whether AD is suitable as a representation method for architectural design by making a systematic analysis of this medium as a contemporary representation method.Specifically,we investigate(1)its birth and evolution as a means of representation,(2)the characteristics that make it simultaneously appealing and off-putting to the architectural community,(3)the influence of technological evolution and education on its proliferation,and(4)its capacity to represent design problems in comparison to the currently predominant means of digital architectural representation,that is,computer-aided drafting and building information modeling. | Renata Castelo-Branco Ines Caetano Antonio Leitao | 2022 | Frontiers of Architectural Research2022，11，3： | 0 |
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