| 1 | Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems显示文摘Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the Earth System in many diferent ways.Consumption,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the Earth System.Changes in the Earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious consequences.However,current models do not incorporate these critical feedbacks.We argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,Earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real systems.In particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the Earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population projections.his makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real Earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current models.he importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the Earth System,and the essential roles the Earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled Earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations. | Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin Klaus Hubacek Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，4： | 34 |
| 2 | Challenges and opportunities for modeling coupled human and natural systems显示文摘The Earth is a very large and complex system that consists of human and natural components interacting bidirectionally with each other,thus forming coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)[1].The increasing dominance of human impacts,especially after the 1950s[2],marked a new era for the Earth,the Anthropocene,which means humans have become the main drivers of the evolution of changes in the Earth system.Therefore,modeling CHANS is essential for understanding the emergent system properties of CHANS,predicting dynamics and feedbacks(e.g.regime shift,tipping point,and resilience),and informing governance of environmental systems to ensure a path toward sustainability[2,3]. | Yan Li Shan Sang Safa Mote Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay | 2023 | National Science Review2023，10，7： | 2 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员