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| 1 | Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma显示文摘Renal cell carcinomas(RCC)make up about 90%of kidney cancers,of which 80%are of the clear cell subtype.About 20%of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis.Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy,but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC.Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective,leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies.This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma,discusses recent advances in combination therapies,and highlights therapeutic options under development.The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect.However,combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity.The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity.To date,five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration,with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy.Several other combination therapies are under development,including some in the phase 3 stage.The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles. | Viraj V Khetani Daniella E Portal Mansi R Shah Tina Mayer Eric A Singer | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，8： | 2 |
| 2 | Should antibiotics be administered before arthroscopic knee surgery? A systematic review of the literature显示文摘AIM To explore the current evidence surrounding the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS Databases were searched from inception through May of 2018 for studies examining prophylactic antibiotic use and efficacy in knee arthroscopy. Studies with patient data were further assessed for types of arthroscopic procedures performed,number of patients in the study,use of antibiotics,and outcomes with the intention of performing a pooled analysis. Data pertaining to 'deep tissue infection' or 'septic arthritis' were included in our analysis. Reported data on superficial infection were not included in our data analysis. For the pooled analysis,a relative risk ratio was calculated and χ~2 tests were used to assess for statistical significance between rates of infection amongst the various patient groups. Post hoc power analyses were performed to compute the statistical power obtained from our sample sizes. Number needed to treat analyses were performed for statistically significant differences by dividing 1 by the difference between the infection rates of the antibiotic and no antibiotic groups. An alpha value of 0.05 was used for our analysis. Study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane's Q test as well as calculation of the I^2 value.RESULTS A total of 49682 patients who underwent knee ar-throscopy for a diverse set of procedures across 19 studies met inclusion critera for pooled analysis. For those not undergoing graft procedures,there were 27 cases of post-operative septic arthritis in 34487 patients(0.08%) who received prophylactic antibiotics and 16 cases in 10911(0.15%) who received none [risk ratio(RR) = 0.53,95% confidence interval(CI): 0.29-0.99,P = 0.05]. A sub-group analysis in which bony procedures were excluded was performed which found no significant difference in infection rates between patients that received prophylactic antibiotics and patients that did not(P > 0.05). All anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction studies used prophylactic antibiotics,but two studies investigating the effect of soaking the graft in vancomycin in addition to standard intravenous(IV) prophylaxis were combined for analysis. There were 19 cases in 1095 patients(1.74%) who received IV antibioitics alone and no infections in 2034 patients who received IV antibiotics and had a vancomycin soaked graft(RR = 0.01,95%CI: 0.001-0.229,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION Prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing septic arthritis following simple knee arthroscopy. In procedures involving graft implantation,graft soaking reduces the rate of infection. | John Carney Nathanael Heckmann Erik N Mayer Ram K Alluri Carleton Thomas Vangsness George F Hatch Ⅲ Alexander E Weber | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，11： | 2 |
| 3 | Role of visceral afferent mechanisms in functional bowel disorders 显示文摘 | MAYER E RAYBOULD H | 1990 | Gastroenterology1990，99，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Coutinho SV1 stress and the gastrointestinal tract V1 stress and irrirable bowel syndromel 显示文摘 | Mayer E A Naliboff B D Chang L | 2001 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2001，280，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Perilesional blood flow and edema formation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: a SPECT study 显示文摘 | Mayer S A Lignelli A Fink M E | 1998 | Stroke1998，29，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Differences in brain responses to visceral pain between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Mayer E A Berman S Suyenobu B | 2005 | Pain2005，115，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Piston ring and cylinder bore wear analy- sis: Part I :Theory 显示文摘 | Ting L L Mayer J E | 1974 | Journal of Lubrication Technology1974，96，： | 1 |
| 8 | Efficacy of stent angioplasty for symptomatic stenoses of the proximal vertebral artery显示文摘 | Weber W Mayer T E Henkes H | 2005 | Eur J Radiol2005，56，2： | 1 |
| 9 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Mayer J M Curtis C J Bercaw J E | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Alkaline injection for enhanced oil recovery a status report显示文摘 | Mayer E H Berc R L Carmichael J D | 1983 | J Petrol Technology1983，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Lcaaruitine substitution in patients on chronic hemodialysis 显示文摘 | Mayer G Graf H Legenstin E | 1989 | Nephron1989，52，： | 1 |
| 12 | Hemodilution reduces early reperfusion injury in an ex vivo rabbit lung preservation model 显示文摘 | John D P Oka T Mayer E Edward A | 1994 | Ann Thorac Surg1994，57，： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of causal attribution di-mensions in trust repair显示文摘 | TOMLINSON E C MAYER R C | 2009 | Academy of Management Review2009，34，1： | 1 |
| 14 | A synthetic peptide corresponding to the putative dihydrofolate reductase domain of nitric oxide synthase inhibits uncoupled NADPH oxidation显示文摘 | Mayer B Pitters E Pfeiffer S | 1997 | Nitric Oxide1997，1，： | 1 |
| 15 | Zebrafish MHC class Ⅱ alpha chain-encoding genes:polymorphism,expression,and function显示文摘 | Sultmann H Mayer W E Figueroa F | 1993 | Immunog enetics1993，38，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Phylogenetic analysis of cichlid fishers using nuclear DNA markers显示文摘 | Sültmann H Mayer W E Figueroa F | 1995 | Molecular Biology and Evolution1995，12，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Kinematics Control Equations for Simple Manipulator显示文摘 | Paul R P Shirnanno B E Mayer G | 1981 | IEEEE Trans SMC1981，11，6： | 1 |
| 18 | High-Resolution CT of the temporal bone in dys-plasia of the auricle and external auditory canal显示文摘 | MAYER T E BRUECKMAN H SLEGERT R etal | 1997 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1997，18，： | 1 |
| 19 | Beyond substantial equivalence显示文摘 | Millstone E Brunner E Mayer S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalate compounds:from structural diversity to applications显示文摘 | Dolbecq A Dumas E Mayer C.R | | 0，，： | 1 |
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