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| 1 | Association between water related factors and active trachoma in Hai district, Northern Tanzania显示文摘Background:Trachoma is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and is mainly associated with poor water accessibility.However,these associations have never been demonstrated in some of the communities,especially in northern Tanzania.To cover that gap,the present case control study was conducted to assess the association of water related factors,general hygiene and active trachoma among preschool and school age children in Hai district,northern Tanzania.Results:Families reported to use>60 litres of water per day were less likely to have active disease(OR=0.4,95%CI:0.1-0.3;P<0.001)compared to households collecting≤60 litres.The risk of having trachoma increased with increase in distance to the water point(OR=6.5,95%CI;1.8-16.7;P=0.003).Households members who reported to use<2 liters of water for face washing were more likely to be trachomatous(OR=5.12,95%CI:1.87-14.6,P=0.001).Increased number of preschool children in the household was also associated with increased risk of active trachoma by 2.46 folds.Conclusions:Improving water supply near the households and providing public health education focusing on improving households socio-economic status and individual hygiene especially in pre-school children in part will help to reduce the prevalence of the disease.In addition,integrating public health education with other interventions such as medical interventions remains important. | Michael J Mahande Humphrey D Mazigo Eliningaya J Kweka | 2012 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Evaluation of serum-based real-time PCR to detect Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after treatment显示文摘Background:To detect acute schistosomiasis,low-intensity infections,or to verify the success of treatment with praziquantel,highly sensitive test methods are required.The aim of this study was therefore to demonstrate the performance of Schistosoma mansoni specific DNA detection in serum and urine using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in an endemic area before and after treatment.Methods:The study pursued a 1-week and 20-weeks longitudinal design with a treatment intervention among 36 study participants aged 18 to 70 years in the community of Kayenze,a fishing village in Ilemela district on the southern shore of Lake Victoria in north-western Tanzania between February and June 2018.Blood,urine and stool samples were collected from each participant to diagnose Schistosoma mansoni infection before and two times after treatment with praziquantel using serum-and urine based real-time PCR,point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen(POC-CCA)rapid diagnostic test and the microscopic Kato-Katz(KK)method.Kappa coefficient(κ)was used to estimate the agreement between these diagnostic tests compared to a combined“gold standard”of positive results by serum-based real-time PCR and/or positive egg counts determined by KK.Kendall’s Tau rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between cycle threshold(Ct)-values and egg counts and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the median Ct-values of the different examination time points.Results:By using the combined“gold standard”of the parasitological Kato-Katz test and/or serum-based real-time PCR,a S.mansoni prevalence of 77.1%could be determined at baseline.In terms of sensitivity,serum-based realtime PCR(96.3%)and POC-CCA assay(77.8%)showed the highest results.The detection of DNA from urine samples showed the lowest sensitivity(33.3%).Treatment with praziquantel resulted in a significantly reduced prevalence of S.mansoni.No infection could be detected by Kato-Katz,with the POC-CCA test only 33.3%.The analysis of the median Ct values over time(which were determined by the serum-based real-time PCR)showed that the Ct decreases significantly shortly after treatment(from 30.3 to 28)and increases above baseline level(34.9)three months later.Conclusions:The data presented here show that the serum-based real-time PCR exhibits excellent diagnostic accuracy,in contrast to the use of urine as sample material for S.mansoni DNA detection.However,as circulating DNA does not necessarily reflect the persistence of living worms in schistosomiasis,this method is less well suited to verify the success of treatment with praziquantel. | Antje Fuss Humphrey Deogratias Mazigo Andreas Mueller | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Schistosomal peritonitis secondary to perforated appendicitis显示文摘 | Humphrey D. Mazigo Geofrey C. Giiti Maria Zinga Jorg Heukelbach Peter Rambau | 2010 | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases2010，，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Impact of scabies in resource-poor communities显示文摘 | Jorg Heukelbach Humphrey D. Mazigo Uade S. Ugbomoiko | 2013 | Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases2013，，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Praziquantel efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni among HIV-1 infected and uninfected adults living in fishing villages along Lake Victoria, Northwest Tanzania显示文摘Background:Animal studies have demonstrated that functional immune responses,as determined by the levels of CD4+cell counts and anti-schistosome antibodies responses,determine the efficacy of praziquantel.Based on this evidence,it has been hypothesised that the immunodeficiency effects of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection may affect the efficacy of praziquantel in co-infected human hosts.Thus,the present study assessed the efficacy of praziquantel by comparing parasitological cure rates and the reduction in infection intensity in HIV-1 seronegative individuals infected with S.mansoni and HIV-1 seropositive individuals co-infected with S.mansoni,following treatment with a single oral dose of praziquantel.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal study which included,at baseline,555 S.mansoni infected adults aged 21-55 years,who were either co-infected or not with HIV-1 and who lived in fishing villages along Lake Victoria in Northwest Tanzania.These individuals were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel(40 mg/kg)and,at 12 weeks,single stool samples were obtained and examined for S.mansoni eggs using the Kato-Katz technique.Finger prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4+cell quantification.Results:The parasitological cure rate did not differ significantly from the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.12):among the co-infected individuals,the cure rate was 48.3%(14/29),and among the individuals infected only with S.mansoni,the cure rate was 62.6%(329/526).The egg reduction rate did not vary with the HIV-1 serostatus(P=0.22):77.22%for HIV-1 seronegative and 75%for HIV-1 seropositive individuals.The level of CD4^(+) cell counts(median 228 cells/μL:range 202-380 cells)did not influence the cure rate(P=0.23)or the reduction in the intensity of the infection(P=0.37).Conclusion:The HIV-1 infection per se or its moderate immunodeficiency effects,demonstrated by the range of CD4^(+) cell counts observed in co-infected individuals,did not affect praziquantel efficacy,as measured by the parasitological cure rate and the reduction in intensity of infection in the present study cohort. | Humphrey D Mazigo David W Dunne Safari M Kinung’hi Fred Nuwaha | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Schistosomal peritonitis secondary to perforated appendicitis显示文摘 | Humphrey D. Mazigo Geofrey C. Giiti Maria Zinga Jorg Heukelbach Peter Rambau | 2010 | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases2010，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Epidemiology andinteractions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-SaharanAfrica显示文摘Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/AIDS and Schis tosoma mansoni are widespread in sub Saharan Africa and co-infection occurs commonly.Since the early 1990s,it has been suggested that the two infections may interact and potentiate the effects of each other within co-infected human hosts.Indeed,S mansoni infection has been suggested to be a risk factor for HIV transmission and progression in Africa.If so,it would follow that mass deworming could have beneficial effects on HIV-1 transmission dynamics.The epidemiology of HIV in African countries is changing,shifting from urban to rural areas where the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is high and public health services are deficient.On the other side,the consequent pathogenesis of HIV-1/S.mansoni co-infection remains unknown.Here we give an account of the epidemiology of HIV-1 and S.mansoni,discuss co-infection and possible biological causal relationships between the two infections,and the potential impact of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 viral loads,CD4^(+) counts and CD4^(+)/CD8^(+) ratio.Our review of the available literature indicates that there is evidence to support the hypothesis that S.mansoni infections can influence the replication of the HIV-1,cel-to-cell transmission,as well as increase HIV progression as measured by reduced CD4^(+) T lymphocytes counts.If so,then deworming of HIV positive individuals living in endemic areas may impact on HV-1 viral loads and CD4^(+) T lymphocyte counts. | Humphrey D Mazigo Fred Nuwaha Shona Wilson Safari M Kinunghi Domenica Morona Rebecca Waihenya Jorg Heukelbach David W Dunne | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 0 |
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