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| 1 | Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance显示文摘Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses.Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production.It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response.The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include:anorexia,fever,lethargy,recruitment of other immune cells,and phagocytosis.While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids,increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation.However,the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake.Therefore,as feed intake decreases,the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased.This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs.The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge.Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet,limit feed,or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge.While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation,when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources(i.e.,soybean meal).This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine,which lowers post weaning diarrhea.It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut.The objective of this review is two-fold.The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions,or lack thereof,and secondly,to review amino acid requirement estimates for nursery pigs. | Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014,5,3: | 8 |
| 2 | 仔猪的饲养管理策略显示文摘一个成功的仔猪营养方案的基本准则是:
(1)开饲体重尽可能高:
(2)尽可能饲喂简单的日粮;
(3)着重于幼畜的饲养管理。
我们不能忽视猪的初生体重、年龄、饲养管理质量对于整个饲养过程影响的重要性。 | 彭慧珍 Joel De Rouchey Mike Tokach Steve Dritz | 2006 | 湖南畜牧兽医2006,,1: | 5 |
| 3 | 保育仔猪饲养管理比日粮配方更加重要显示文摘 | Steve Dritz Mike Tokach Joel DeRouchey Bob Goodband JimNelssen 冯占雨(译) 舒畅(校) | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007,,1: | 2 |
| 4 | 美国目前和未来的保育猪饲养方案显示文摘在过去的20年内美国的猪产业发生了翻天覆地的变化。多址生产系统对畜群的健康和控制断奶仔猪链产生了极大的作用。然而一个成功的断奶仔猪营养方案其基本原则对于任何日龄断奶的仔猪来讲都是相似的。可以归纳成三点:①在断奶时,仔猪尽可能的体重大;②尽可能快的将日粮从复合日粮转化为简单日粮;③重点关注保育仔猪管理。此外,在关国过去的10年通过遗传选育的手段,使窝产仔数大约增加了1.5头,仔猪断奶的日龄也相应地增加到平均为19-23d。当每头母猪产仔数增加以后,由于初生活仔数的增加,有更多体重轻的仔猪出生,这将是生产者所面临的挑战。因此,对生产者来说,了解影响初生体重轻的仔猪一生的生产性能以及收益的因素是非常必要的。 | Bob Goodband Jon Bergstrom Mike Tokach Joel DeRouchey Steve Dritz Jim Nelssen | 2013 | 饲料工业2013,34,12: | 0 |
| 5 | 断奶仔猪的饲喂方案显示文摘不管仔猪断奶早与晚,断奶仔猪的饲喂方案和营养策略应彻底地重新考虑,以确保保育期营养方案的成功实施。设计合理的营养方案和饲料预算不能独自确保保育方案的成功,必须配合其它措施。我们正开始明白,不但给幼龄猪喂什么饲料是重要的,而且教它们怎样采食和如何进行管理同样重要。一个成功的保育期饲喂方案包括多种要素,但最重要的是:A)尽可能从体重较重和日龄较大时开始保育;B)尽可能快地从复杂日粮转换为简单日粮;C)给仔猪提供正确的管理措施,使其能迅速找到食物和饮水,并经常调整喂料器,以获得最佳的饲料效率。 | 徐文红 Bob Goodband Joel DeRouchey Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Jim Nelssen | 2007 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2007,,2: | 0 |
| 6 | 生长猪的氨基酸需要显示文摘近10年来已有大量的关于生长猪的氨基酸需要量研究见于报道。数据显示,在环境和遗传性质差别很大的情况下,最可行表达赖氨酸需要的方法就是用生长率相关性来显示。根据研究可得出仔猪和肥育猪的赖氨酸需要量大致分别为每千克增重需要19 g和20 g标准回肠可消化赖氨酸。并且需要量已经随着为了更好保持畜群的健康和遗传性能的提高而增加。在实际制作配方的时候,其他氨基酸的需要量是用他们与赖氨酸的比例来表达的。最近发表的研究提高了我们的认识,让我们不仅能更好地预测各个生长阶段赖氨酸的需要量,也更好地预测其他氨基酸需要量和赖氨酸需要量的比值。并且新版的NRC(2012)的发布也总结和提高了我们的知识水平。 | Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Joel DeRouchey Steve Dritz Jim Nelssen | 2013 | 饲料工业2013,34,6: | 0 |
| 7 | 提升母猪繁殖性能的营养策略显示文摘1沁乳母猪
泌乳母猪营养计划最重要的3个目标是:1)采食量最大化的精确配方饲料;2)高采食量中氨基酸和其他营养素含量要相匹配;3)断奶猪的成本控制在合理的水平。 | 王晓艳 黄川 张守全(编译) Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jim Nelssen | 2012 | 猪业科学2012,29,12: | 0 |
| 8 | 优质猪饲料原料的选购显示文摘饲料成本占猪只生产成本的75%以上。生产者有许多饲料选购和生产方案可以选择。生产者可能:①从地方性小公司、全国性大公司或组织购买饲料;②从不同公司购买预混料、浓缩料和添加剂。 | Bob Thaler Mike D. Tokach 承宇飞(译) | 2013 | 饲料与畜牧(规模养猪)2013,,2: | 0 |