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| 1 | Phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity in tropical tree assemblages along regionalscale environmental gradients in northwest South America显示文摘Aims Environmental gradients are drivers of species diversity;however,we know relatively little about the evolutionary processes underlying these relationships.A potentially powerful approach to studying diversity gradients is to quantify the phylogenetic structure within and between assemblages arrayed along broad spatial and environmental gradients.Here,we evaluate the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages along an environmental gradient with the expectation that the habitat specialization of entire lineages is an important evolutionary pattern influencing the structure of tree communities along environmental gradients.Methods We evaluated the effect of several environmental variables on the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages in 145 plots distributed in northwestern South America that cover a broad environmental gradient.The phylogenetic alpha diversity was quantified for each plot and the phylogenetic beta diversity between each pair of plots was also quantified.Both the alpha and beta diversity measures were then related to spatial and environmental gradients in the study system.Important Findings We found that gradients in temperature and potential evapotranspiration have a strong relationship with the phylogenetic alpha diversity in our study system,with phylogenetic overdispersion in low temperatures and phylogenetic clustering at higher temperatures.Further,the phylogenetic beta diversity between two plots increases with an increasing difference in temperature,whereas annual precipitation was not a significant predictor of community phylogenetic turnover.We also found that the phylogenetic structure of the plots in our study system was related to the degree of seasonal flooding and seasonality in precipitation.In particular,more stressful environments such as dry forests and flooded forests showed phylogenetic clustering.Finally,in contrast with previous studies,we find that phylogenetic beta diversity was not strongly related to the spatial distance separating two forest plots,which may be the result of the importance of the three independent mountain ranges in our study system,which generate a high degree of environmental variation over very short distances.In conclusion,we found that environmental gradients are important drivers of both phylogenetic alpha and phylogenetic beta diversities in these forests over spatial distance. | Sebastián González-Caro María Natalia Umaña Esteban Álvarez Pablo R.Stevenson Nathan G.Swenson | 2014 | Journal of Plant Ecology2014，7，2： | 17 |
| 2 | Phylofloristics:an example from the Lesser Antilles显示文摘Aims The last decade has seen many plant ecologists integrating phylogenetic analysis into ecology to explain patterns of species cooccurrence and compositional similarity across assemblages.Despite the advances in this area,there are still some challenges that need to be addressed.One challenge is that most of the phylogenetic studies of plant assemblages have focused only on a small proportion of all of the vascular plants that co-occur(e.g.woody plants),while much of the remaining co-occurring flora has been ignored.Methods Here we introduce an analytical approach that we term phylofloristics that analyzes the compositional similarity of floras in relation to spatial and environmental gradients to understand their assembly.As an illustration,we assembled a large phylogenetic tree for the flora of the Lesser Antilles and evaluated the patterns of floristic and phylofloristic similarity among the island-specific floras.We analyzed the relationship of these similarities with spatial and environmental distance and compared the results for non-endemic and endemic lineages.Important Findings The results show a major influence of environmental heterogeneity on the assembly of island floras and far less evidence for the importance of dispersal limitation of lineages and species.This study highlights the importance of incorporating broader taxonomic sampling to improve our understanding of assembly processes in ecology.We expect future phylofloristic studies will improve the approach we have taken by generating more refined phylogenetic trees and by incorporating phylogeographic information. | Nathan G.Swenson María N.Umaña | 2014 | Journal of Plant Ecology2014，7，2： | 12 |
| 3 | Maple phylogeny and biogeography inferred from phylogenomic data显示文摘Acer(the maple genus)is one of the diverse tree genera in the Northern Hemisphere with about 152 species,most of which are in eastern Asia.There are roughly a dozen species in Europe/western Asia and a dozen in North America.Several phylogenetic studies of Acer have been conducted since 1998,but none have provided a satisfactory resolution for basal relationships among sections of Acer.Here we report the first well-resolved phylogeny of Acer based on DNA sequences of over 500 nuclear loci generated using the anchored hybrid enrichment method and explore the implications of the robust phylogeny for Acer systematics and biogeography.Our phylogenetic results support the most recent taxonomic treatment of Acer by de Jong with some modifications;section Pentaphylla may be expanded to include section Trifoliata,and A.yangbiense may be included in section Lithocarpa.Sections Spicata,Negundo,Arguta,and Palmata form a clade sister to the rest of the genus where sections Glabra and Parviflora comprise the first clade followed by section Macrantha,sections Ginnala,Lithocarpa,Indivisa,sections Platanoidea and Macrophylla,section Rubra,section Acer,and section Pentaphylla.Monotypic sections Glabra and Macrophylla in North America are sister to the Japanese section Parviflora and Eurasian section Platanoidea,respectively.Ancestral area inferences using statistical dispersal and vicariance analysis(S-DIVA)and dispersal and extinction cladogenesis(DEC)methods suggest that Asia might be the most likely ancestral area of Acer as proposed by Wolfe and Tanai and molecular dating using Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees(BEAST)indicate that section diversifications of Acer might have completed largely in the late Eocene and the intercontinental disjunctions of Acer between eastern Asia and eastern North America formed mostly in the Miocene. | Jianhua Li Mark Stukel Parker Bussies Kaleb Skinner Alan R.Lemmon Emily Moriarty Lemmon Kenneth Brown Airat Bekmetjev Nathan G.Swenson | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，6： | 3 |
| 4 | Functional trait space and redundancy of plant communities decrease toward cold temperature at high altitudes in Southwest China显示文摘Plant communities in mountainous areas shift gradually as climatic conditions change with altitude. How trait structure in multivariate space adapts to these varying climates in natural forest stands is unclear. Studying the multivariate functional trait structure and redundancy of tree communities along altitude gradients is crucial to understanding how temperature change affects natural forest stands. In this study, the leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous content from 1,590 trees were collected and used to construct the functional trait space of 12 plant communities at altitudes ranging from 800 m to 3,800 m across three mountains. Hypervolume overlap was calculated to quantify species trait redundancy per community. First,hypervolumes of species exclusion and full species set were calculated, respectively. Second, the overlap between these two volumes was calculated to obtain hypervolume overlap. Results showed that the functional trait space significantly increased with mean annual temperature toward lower altitudes within and across three mountains, whereas species trait redundancy had different patterns between mountains. Thus, warming can widen functional trait space and alter the redundancy in plant communities. The inconsistent patterns of redundancy between mountains suggest that warming exerts varying influences on different ecosystems. Identification of climate-vulnerable ecosystems is important in the face of global warming. | Lan Zhang Xiaojuan Liu Zhenhua Sun Wensheng Bu Franca J.Bongers Xiaoyang Song Jie Yang Zhenkai Sun Yin Li Shan Li Min Cao Keping Ma Nathan G.Swenson | 2023 | Science China(Life Sciences)2023，66，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional perspectives on tropical tree demography and forest dynamics显示文摘Disentangling the processes that drive population,community and whole forest structure and dynamics is a challenge.It becomes a grand challenge in the tropics where there are a large number of species,small population sizes,less research infrastructure,and a relatively smaller number of researchers compared to the temperate zone.Tackling this grand challenge,we argue,requires detailed knowledge of the functioning of individuals and species.To this end,researchers frequently employ plant functional traits to study tree populations and communities.Here,we review this approach by first providing a basic background regarding the major trait axes generally of interest.We then discuss how these axes may be or have been applied from ecosystem to community and population studies.In doing so,we highlight where the functional trait research program has failed in tropical tree ecology and where it can be improved or strengthened.Finally,we provide a perspective regarding how functional trait and emerging‘omics approaches can be integrated to address large questions facing the field.Our intention throughout is to provide an entryway into this literature for an early career researcher rather than a comprehensive review of all possible studies that have taken place in tropical forests. | Samantha J.Worthy Nathan G.Swenson | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 1 |
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