| 1 | Autism spectrum disorder model mice: Focus on copy number variation and epigenetics显示文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is gathering concerns in socially developed countries. ASD is a neuropsychiatric disorder of genetic origin with high prevalence of 1%–2%. The patients with ASD characteristically show impaired social skills. Today, many genetic studies identify numerous susceptible genes and genetic loci associated with ASD. Although some genetic factors can lead to abnormal brain function linked to ASD phenotypes, the pathogenic mechanism of ASD is still unclear. Here, we discuss a new mouse model for ASD as an advanced tool to understand the mechanism of ASD. | Nobuhiro NAKAI Susumu OTSUKA Jihwan MYUNG Toru TAKUMI | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，10： | 4 |
| 2 | Broccoli sprout extract induces detoxification-related gene expression and attenuates acute liver injury显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of broccoli sprout extract(BSEx) on liver gene expression and acute liver injury in the rat.METHODS: First, the effects of BSEx on liver gene expression were examined. Male rats were divided into two groups. The Control group was fed the AIN-76 diet, and the BSEx group was fed the AIN-76 diet containing BSEx. After a 10-d feeding period, rats were sacrificed and their livers were used for DNA microarray and realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analyses. Next, the effects of BSEx on acute liver injury were examined. In experiments using acute liver injury models, 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen(APAP) or 350 mg/kg D-galactosamine(D-Gal N) was used to induce injury. These male rats were divided into four groups: Control, BSEx, Inducer(APAP or D-Gal N), and Inducer+BSEx. The feeding regimens were identical for the two analyses. Twenty-four hours following APAP administration via p.o. or D-Gal N administration via i.p., rats were sacrificed to determine serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) levels, hepatic glutathione(GSH) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances accumulation and glutathioneS-transferase(GST) activity. RESULTS: Microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that BSEx upregulated the expression of genes related to detoxification and glutathione synthesis in normal rat liver. The levels of AST(70.91 ± 15.74 IU/m L vs 5614.41 ± 1997.83 IU/m L, P < 0.05) and ALT(11.78 ± 2.08 IU/m L vs 1297.71 ± 447.33 IU/m L, P < 0.05) were significantly suppressed in the APAP + BSEx group compared with the APAP group. The level of GSH(2.61 ± 0.75 nmol/g tissue vs 1.66 ± 0.59 nmol/g tissue, P < 0.05) and liver GST activity(93.19 ± 16.55 U/g tissue vs 51.90 ± 16.85 U/g tissue, P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the APAP + BSEx group compared with the APAP group. AST(4820.05 ± 3094.93 IU/m L vs 12465.63 ± 3223.97 IU/m L, P < 0.05) and ALT(1808.95 ± 1014.04 IU/m L vs 3936.46 ± 777.52 IU/m L, P < 0.05) levels were significantly suppressed in the D-Gal N + BSEx group compared with the D-Gal N group, but the levels of AST and ALT in the D-Gal N + BSEx group were higher than those in the APAP + BSEx group. The level of GST activity was significantly increased in the D-Gal N + BSEx group compared with the D-Gal N group(98.04 ± 15.75 U/g tissue vs 53.15 ± 8.14 U/g tissue, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that BSEx protected the liver from various types of xenobiotic substances through induction of detoxification enzymes and glutathione synthesis. | Kazutaka Yoshida Yusuke Ushida Tomoko Ishijima Hiroyuki Suganuma Takahiro Inakuma Nobuhiro Yajima Keiko Abe Yuji Nakai | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，35： | 3 |
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