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| 1 | Role and mechanisms of action of escherichia coli nissle 1917 in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis patients: an update显示文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the 'forgotten organ', Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle(Ec N) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor®(Ardeypharm Gmb H, Herdecke, Germany and Ec N, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of Ec N 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of Ec N. | Franco Scaldaferri Viviana Gerardi Francesca Mangiola Loris Riccardo Lopetuso Marco Pizzoferrato Valentina Petito Alfredo Papa Jovana Stojanovic Andrea Poscia Giovanni Cammarota Antonio Gasbarrini | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，24： | 19 |
| 2 | Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy associates to type 17 helper T lymphocytes immunological shift and significant microbial changes in dextran sodium sulphate colitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) represents the best therapeutic option to induce mucosal healing and clinical remission in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. On the other side gut microbiota plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis but few information exists on how microbiota changes following anti-TNFα therapy and on microbiota role in mucosal healing.AIM To elucidate whether gut microbiota and immune system changes appear following anti TNFα therapy during dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) colitis.METHODS Eighty C57 BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: 'No DSS', 'No DSS + antiTNFα', 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα'. 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα' were treated for 5 d with 3% DSS. At day 3, mice whithin 'No DSS+anti-TNFα' and'DSS+anti-TNFα' group received 5 mg/kg of an anti-TNFα agent. Forty mice were sacrificed at day 5, forty at day 12, after one week of recovery post DSS. The severity of colitis was assessed by a clinical score(Disease Activity Index), colon length and histology. Bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae and Fecalibacterium prausnitzii(F. prausnitzii) were evaluated by quantitative PCR.Type 1 helper T lymphocytes(Th1), type 17 helper T lymphocytes(Th17) and CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg) distributions in the mesenteric lymph node(MLN) were studied by flow cytometry.RESULTS Bacteria associated with a healthy state(i.e., such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae and F. prausnitzii) decreased during colitis and increased in course of anti-TNFαtreatment. Conversely, microorganisms belonging to Enterococcaceae genera,which are linked to inflammatory processes, showed an opposite trend.Furthermore, in colitic mice treated with anti-TNFα microbial changes were associated with an initial increase(day 5 of the colitis) in Treg cells and a consequent decrease(day 12 post DSS) in Th1 and Th17 frequency cells. Healthy mice treated with anti-TNFα showed the same histological, microbial and immune features of untreated colitic mice. 'No DSS + anti-TNFα' group showed a lymphomononuclear infiltrate both at 5 th and 12 th d at hematoxylin and eosin staining, an increase of in Th1 and Th17 frequency at day 12, an increase of Enterococcaceae at day 5, a decrease of Bacteroides and Clostridiaceae at day 12.CONCLUSION Anti-TNFα treatment in experimental model of colitis improves disease activity but it is associated to an increase in Th17 pathway together with gut microbiota alteration. | Valentina Petito Cristina Graziani Loris R Lopetuso Marco Fossati Alessandra Battaglia Vincenzo Arena Domenico Scannone Gianluca Quaranta Andrea Quagliariello Federica Del Chierico Lorenza Putignani Luca Masucci Maurizio Sanguinetti Alessandro Sgambato Antonio Gasbarrini Franco Scaldaferri | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，12： | 2 |
| 3 | Gut Microbial Flora, Prebiotics, and Probiotics in IBD: Their Current Usage and Utility显示文摘 | Franco Scaldaferri Viviana Gerardi Loris Riccardo Lopetuso Fabio Del Zompo Francesca Mangiola Ivo Bo?koski Giovanni Bruno Valentina Petito Lucrezia Laterza Giovanni Cammarota Eleonora Gaetani Alessandro Sgambato Antonio Gasbarrini Michael Mahler | 2013 | BioMed Research International2013，，： | 2 |
| 4 | Early proliferative changes in post-ischemia noninfarted rat brain显示文摘 | Babiak T | 1982 | Ann Neurol1982，11，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Vertebral artery in- jury and cerebellar stroke while swimming: case report 显示文摘 | Tramo M J Hainline B Petito F | 1985 | Stroke1985，16，6： | 1 |
| 6 | The two patterns of reactive astrocytosis in postischemic rat brain显示文摘 | Petito CK Morgello S Felix LC | 1990 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab1990，10，： | 1 |
| 7 | Cooper,Brain glutamine synthetase increases following cerebral ischemia in the rat显示文摘 | Petito CK Chung MC Verkhovsky LM | 1992 | Brain Res1992，569，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Selective glial vulnerability following transient global ischemia in rat brain显示文摘 | Petito C K Olarte J P Roberts B | 1998 | J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1998，57，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Clique-coloring UE and UEH graphs显示文摘 | Cerioli M R Petito P | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | The two patterns of reactive astrocytosis in postischemic rat brain 显示文摘 | Morgello S Felix LC | 1990 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab1990，10，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Brain gluta- mine synthetase increases following cerebral ischemia in the rat显示文摘 | Petito CK Chung MC Verkhovsky LM | 1992 | Brain Res1992，569，： | 1 |
| 12 | Physiological chang- es in ageing muscles显示文摘 | CamPbell M J McComas AJ Petito F | 1973 | J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1973，36，17： | 1 |
| 13 | Brain glutamine synthetase increase following cerebral ischemia in the rat显示文摘 | Petito CK Chung MC Verkhovsky LM | 1992 | Brain Res1992，569，： | 1 |
| 14 | Clinical and neuropathological finding in systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of vasculitis, heart emboli and thromboticClinical and neuropathological finding in sys- temic lupus erythematosus : the role of vaseulitis thrombocytopenic pur- pura显示文摘 | Devinask O Petito CK Alonso DR | 1988 | Ann Neurol1988，23，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pathologically verified lacunar infarctions显示文摘 | Tuszynski MH Petito CK Levy DE | 1989 | Stroke1989，20，： | 1 |
| 16 | Selective glial vulnerability following transient global ischemia in rat brain显示文摘 | Petito CK Olarte JP Roberts B | 1998 | Neuropathol Exp Neurol1998，57，： | 1 |
| 17 | Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pathologically verified lacunar infarcttions显示文摘 | Tuszynski MH Petito CK Ievy DE | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical and neuropathological findings in systemic lupus ery- thematosus: the role of vasculitis, heart emboli, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 显示文摘 | Devinsky O Petito CK Alonso DR | 1988 | Ann Neurol1988，23，： | 1 |
| 19 | Brain glutamine synthetase increases following cerebral isehemia in the rat 显示文摘 | Petito CK Chung MC Verkhovsky LM | 1992 | Brain Res1992，569，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy in the Cure of Fourth-Degree Hemorrhoids: Long-Term Evaluation and Clinical Results显示文摘 | Claudio Mattana M.D. Claudio Coco M.D. Alberto Manno M.D. Alessandro Verbo M.D. Gianluca Rizzo M.D. Luigi Petito M.D. Daniel Sermoneta M.D | 2007 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum2007，，11： | 1 |
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