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| 1 | Toward managing mixed-species stands: from parametrization to prescription显示文摘A better understanding and a more quantitative design of mixed-species stands will contribute to more integrative and goal-oriented research in mixed-species forests.Much recent work has indicated that the structure and growth of mixed species forests may fundamentally differ from monocultures.Here we suggest how to progress from the present accumulation of phenomenological findings to a design of mixed-species stands and advanced silvicultural prescriptions by means of modelling.First,the knowledge of mixing effects on the structure and growth at the stand,species,and individual tree level is reviewed,with a focus on those findings that are most essential for suitable modelling and silvicultural designs and the regulation of mixed stands as opposed to monocultures.Then,the key role of growth models,stand simulators,and scenario assessments for designing mixed species stands is discussed.The next section illustrates that existing forest stand growth models require some fundamental modifications to become suitable for both monocultures and mixed-species stands.We then explore how silvicultural prescriptions derived from scenario runs would need to be both quantified and simplified for transfer to forest management and demonstrated in training plots.Finally,we address the main remaining knowledge gaps that could be remedied through empirical research. | Hans Pretzsch Eric K. Zenner | 2017 | Forest Ecosystems2017，4，4： | 4 |
| 2 | Tree species richness enhances stand productivity while stand structure can have opposite effects, based on forest inventory data from Germany and the United States of America显示文摘Background: In recent studies, mixed forests were found to be more productive than monocultures with everything else remaining the same.Methods: To find out if this productivity is caused by tree species richness, by a more heterogeneous stand structure or both, we analyzed the effects of forest structure and tree species richness on stand productivity, based on inventory data of temperate forests in the United States of America and Germany.Results: Having accounted for effects such as tree size and stand density, we found that:(Ⅰ) tree species richness increased stand productivity in both countries while the effect of tree size heterogeneity on productivity was negative in Germany but positive in the USA;(Ⅱ) productivity was highest at sites with an intermediate amount of precipitation; and(Ⅲ) growth limitations due water scarcity or low temperature may enhance structural heterogeneity.Conclusions: In the context of forest ecosystem goods and services, as well as future sustainable forest resource management, the associated implications would be:Tree species richness is vital for maintaining forest productivity.As an optimum amount of precipitation is accompanied by the highest productivity, changes in climatic conditions should be considered when planning.Resource limitations enhance structural heterogeneity, which in turn can have positive or negative effects on stand productivity.Furthermore, we discuss the difficulties encountered when analyzing different national forest inventories and large data sets. | Laura Zeller Jingjing Liang Hans Pretzsch | 2018 | Forest Ecosystems2018，5，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Drought can favour the growth of small in relation to tall trees in mature stands of Norway spruce and European beech显示文摘Background: Climate change triggered many studies showing that trends and events of environmental conditions can reduce but also accelerate growth at the stand and individual tree level. However, it is still rather unknown how climate change modifies the growth partitioning between the trees in forest stands.Methods: Based on long-term girth-tape measurements in mature monospecific and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.) Karst.) and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.) we traced the effect of the severe droughts in 2003 and 2015 from the stand down to the tree level.Results: Stand growth of Norway spruce decreased by about 30% in the once-in-a-century drought 2015, while European beech was much more drought resistant. Water availability generally amplified size-asymmetric growth partitioning. Especially in case of Norway spruce water availability primarily fostered the growth of predominant trees, whereas drought favoured the growth of small trees at the expense of the predominant ones. We could not detect significant differences between mixed and monospecific stands in this regard.Conclusions: The drought-induced reallocation of growth in favour of small trees in case of spruce may result from its isohydric character. We hypothesize that as small trees are shaded, they can benefit from the reduced water consumption of their sun-exposed taller neighbours. In case of beech, as an anisohydric species, tall trees suffer less and smaller trees benefit less under drought. The discussion elaborates the consequences of the water dependent growth allocation for forest monitoring, growth modelling, and silviculture. | Hans Pretzsch Gerhard Schutze Peter Biber | 2018 | Forest Ecosystems2018，5，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Zum Einfluss des Banmvertielungsmusters auf den Bes- tandszuwachs显示文摘 | Pretzsch H | 1995 | AllgForst-Jagd1995，166，： | 1 |
| 5 | Recommendations for standardized documentation and further development of forest growth simulators显示文摘 | Pretzsch H Biber P ursk J | 2002 | Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt2002，121，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Changes of soil chemistry, stand nutrition, and stand growth at two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites in Central Europe during 40?years after fertilization, liming, and lupine introduction显示文摘 | J?rg Prietzel Karl Eugen Rehfuess Ulrich Stetter Hans Pretzsch | 2008 | European Journal of Forest Research2008，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Neutron sensitivity of a polyethylenne-walled electret ionization chamber显示文摘 | | 1985 | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research1985，234，： | 1 |
| 8 | Wissenschaftliche visualisienung des waldwachstums 显示文摘 | PRETZSCH H SEIFERT S | 1999 | AFZ/der Wald1999，18，： | 1 |
| 9 | Diversitat und produktivitat von Waldem 显示文摘 | Pretzsch H | 2003 | Allgemeine Forst u Jagdzeitung2003，174，56： | 1 |
| 10 | Wissenschaftliche Visualisierung des Waldwachstums显示文摘 | PRETZSCH H SEIFERT S | 1999 | AFZ/der Wald1999，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Recommendations for standardized documentation and further development of forest growth sinmlators 显示文摘 | Pretzsch H Biber P Dursky J | 2002 | Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt2002，121，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Evaluierung von Waldwachstumssimulatoren auf Baum-und Bestandesebene显示文摘 | PRETZSCH H DURSY J | 2001 | Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung2001，172，89： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of Distinct Basal and Luminal Subtypes of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Different Sensitivities to Frontline Chemotherapy显示文摘 | Woonyoung Choi Sima Porten Seungchan Kim Daniel Willis Elizabeth R. Plimack Jean Hoffman-Censits Beat Roth Tiewei Cheng Mai Tran I-Ling Lee Jonathan Melquist Jolanta Bondaruk Tadeusz Majewski Shizhen Zhang Shanna Pretzsch Keith Baggerly Arlene Siefker-Rad | 2014 | Cancer Cell2014，，： | 1 |
| 14 | The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA: construction, application and evaluation 显示文摘 | PRETZSCH H BIBER P DURSKY J | 2002 | For Ecol Manage2002，162，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Diversitat and produktivitat von Waldern显示文摘 | PRETZSCH H | 2003 | Allgemeine Forest Jagdzeitung2003，174，56： | 1 |
| 16 | Wissenschaftliche Visualisierung des Waldwachstums显示文摘 | Pretzsch H Seifert S | 1999 | AFZ/der Wald1999，18，： | 1 |
| 17 | Comparison between the productivity of pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce and beach显示文摘 | Pretzsch H Block J Dieler J Dong PH Kohnle U Nagel J Spellmann H Zingg A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | The mixed spruce-beech forest stands of the 'Sonderforschungsbereich Growth or Parasite Defence?' in the forest district Kranzberger Forest显示文摘 | Pretzsch H Kahn M Grote R 1998 | 1998 | Forstwiss Centralbl1998，117，： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis and modeling of spatial stand structures: Methodological considerations based on mixed beech-larch stands in lower saxony显示文摘 | Pretzsch H | 1997 | Forest Ecol Manag1997，97，： | 1 |
| 20 | Extraordinary drought of 2003 overrules ozone impact on adult beech trees ( Fagus sylvatica )显示文摘 | M. L?w K. Herbinger A. J. Nunn K.-H. H?berle M. Leuchner C. Heerdt H. Werner P. Wipfler H. Pretzsch M. Tausz R. Matyssek | 2006 | Trees2006，，5： | 1 |
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