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| 1 | 氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展显示文摘上百年来细菌一直被认为是地球氨氧化过程的主要驱动者,2005年海洋中分离到迄今唯一的非极端环境泉古菌,发现其氧化氨态氮获得能源生长,是氨氧化古菌。氨氧化古菌和细菌对地球氨氧化过程的相对贡献率,是目前全球氮循环研究最重要的微生物生态学问题之一。已有的证据表明古菌在海洋氨氧化过程中发挥了重要作用,细菌则是土壤氨氧化过程的主要驱动者。本文重点探讨了原位自然环境下氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展。 | 贾仲君 翁佳华 林先贵 Ralf Conrad | 2010 | 微生物学报2010，50，4： | 40 |
| 2 | Importance of hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review显示文摘Microbial methanogenesis is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).It is the final step in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter when inorganic electron acceptors such as nitrate,ferric iron,or sulfate have been depleted.Knowledge of this degradation pathway is important for the creation of mechanistic models,prediction of future CH4 emission scenarios,and development of mitigation strategies.In most anoxic environments,CH4 is produced from either acetate(aceticlastic methanogenesis)or hydrogen(H2)plus carbon dioxide(CO2)(hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis).Hydrogen can be replaced by other CO2-type methanogenesis,using formate,carbon monoxide(CO),or alcohols as substrates.The ratio of these two pathways is tightly constrained by the stoichiometry of conversion processes.If the degradation of organic matter is complete(e.g.,degradation of straw in rice paddies),then fermentation eventually results in production of acetate and H2 at a ratio of>67%aceticlastic and<33%hydrogenotrophic methanogensis.However,acetate production can be favored when heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic acetogenesis is enhanced,and H2 production can be favored when syntrophic acetate oxidation is enhanced.This typically occurs at low and elevated temperatures,respectively.Thus,temperature can strongly influence the methanogenic pathway,which may range from 100%aceticlastic methanogenesis at low temperatures to 100%hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at high temperatures.However,if the degradation of organic matter is not complete(e.g.,degradation of soil organic matter),the stoichiometry of fermentation is not tightly constrained,resulting,for example,in the preferential production of H2,followed by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.Preferential production of CH4 by either aceticlastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis can also happen if one of the methanogenic substrates is not consumed by methanogens but is,instead,accumulated,volatilized,or utilized otherwise.Methylotrophic methanogens,which can use methanol as a substrate,are widespread,but it is unlikely that methanol is produced in similar quantities as acetate,CO2,and H2.Methylotrophic methanogenesis is important in saline environments,where compatible solutes are degraded to methyl compounds(trimethyl amine and dimethyl sulfide)and then serve as non-competitive substrates,while acetate and hydrogen are degraded by non-methanogenic processes,e.g.,sulfate reduction. | Ralf CONRAD | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，1： | 8 |
| 3 | 间隙灌溉和控释肥施用对稻田土壤产甲烷微生物的影响显示文摘间隙灌溉和控释肥施用影响稻田CH_4的产生和排放,然而其微生物机理尚不清楚。本研究通过采集稻季田间原位试验新鲜土样,采用核酸定量技术(qPCR)和末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,研究间隙灌溉和控释肥施用对稻田土壤产甲烷微生物群落丰度和结构的影响。结果表明,稻季CH_4排放量与古菌、产甲烷菌(mcr A基因)和甲烷氧化菌(pmo A基因)数量均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而与细菌数量无显著相关性。间隙灌溉显著影响产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌数量的季节变化,其中烤田抑制产甲烷菌生长,而对甲烷氧化菌数量没有显著影响。与尿素相比,施用控释肥增加了稻田土壤细菌、古菌和产甲烷菌数量,降低了甲烷氧化菌数量。土壤古菌群落的优势T-RFs片段为184bp和391bp,其中184bp片段的相对丰度随着间隙灌溉的进行由45%~55%降低到23%~30%;而391bp片段则相反,其相对丰度由12%~18%增加到23%~26%。典型相关性分析(CCA)表明间隙灌溉显著影响土壤古菌群落结构(P<0.001),而控释肥施用对土壤古菌群落结构没有明显影响。 | 纪洋 于海洋 CONRAD Ralf 徐华 | 2017 | 土壤2017，49，6： | 5 |
| 4 | 间隙灌溉和控释肥施用耦合措施对稻麦轮作系统土壤微生物群落丰度的影响显示文摘间隙灌溉模式下控释肥施用可减缓稻麦轮作系统CH_4和N_2O排放交互排放效应,从而降低综合温室效应,然而有关间隙灌溉和控释肥施用耦合措施对稻麦轮作系统土壤微生物的影响鲜有研究。通过采集稻麦轮作系统田间原位试验新鲜土样,采用核酸定量技术研究间隙灌溉和控释肥施用耦合措施下稻麦轮作系统土壤微生物群落丰度的变化,以探讨此耦合措施降低稻麦轮作系统降低CH_4和N_2O排放的微生物机理。结果发现,除古菌外,稻季土壤细菌、产甲烷菌、甲烷氧化菌、氨氧化菌和反硝化菌群落丰度均高于麦季;间隙灌溉显著影响稻田产甲烷菌、甲烷氧化菌、氨氧化菌和反硝化菌数量的季节变化;与尿素相比,施用控释肥增加了稻麦轮作系统细菌、古菌和产甲烷菌数量,降低了甲烷氧化菌、氨氧化菌、反硝化菌数量。稻季CH_4和N_2O的排放量与土壤微生物丰度之间存在显著相关性:CH_4排放量与古菌、产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌数量均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而与氨氧化菌数量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);N_2O排放量与氨氧化菌、甲烷氧化菌、nirK型和nosZ型反硝化菌数量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),而与nir S型反硝化菌无显著相关性。研究表明,间隙灌溉和控释肥施用耦合措施通过影响稻麦轮作系统相关功能微生物的群落丰度进而减缓CH_4和N_2O气体的交互排放效应。 | 纪洋 于海洋 Ralf Conrad 徐华 | 2017 | 生态环境学报2017，26，10： | 5 |
| 5 | Soil biodiversity in a rapidly changing world显示文摘Microbes are simple single-cell organisms,but have an enormous practical significance for human kind.Soil microbes make our planet habitable,and the planet's rapidly changing environments in turn have a profound impact on the soil microbial communities,both positively and negatively.It is thus crucial to better understand how abiotic and biotic factors interact to assemble microbiomes under the given environmental conditions,and how they modulate the intrinsic link between microbial diversity and ecosystem function.From a functional viewpoint. | Zhongjun JIA David D.MYROLD Ralf CONRAD | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Methane production from rice straw carbon in five different methanogenic rice soils:rates,quantities and microbial communities显示文摘The input of organic substances(e.g.,rice straw)in rice field soils usually stimulates the production and emission of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).However,the amount of CH4 derived from the applied rice straw,as well as the response of bacterial and archaeal communities during the methanogenic phase,are poorly understood for different rice field soils.In this study,samples of five different rice soils were amended with 13^C-labeled rice straw(RS)under methanogenic conditions.Immediately after RS addition,the RS-derived CH4 production rates were higher in soils(Uruguay,Fuyang)that possessed a stronger inherent CH4 production potential compared with other soils with lower inherent potentials(Changsha,the Philippines,Vercelli).However,soils with higher inherent potential did not necessarily produce higher amounts of CH4 from the RS applied,or vice versa.Quantitative PCR showed copy numbers of both bacteria and methanogens increased in straw-amended soils.High-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes showed distinct bacterial communities among the unamended soil samples,which also changed differently in response to RS addition.Nevertheless,RS addition generally resulted in all the rice field soils in a relative increase of primary fermenters belonging to Anaerolineaceae and Ruminococcaceae.Meanwhile,RS addition also generally resulted in a relative increase of Methanosarcinaceae and/or Methanocellaceae.Our results suggest that after RS addition the total amounts of RSderived CH4 are distinct in different rice field soils under methanogenic conditions.Meanwhile,there are potential core bacterial populations that are often involved in primary fermentation of RS under methanogenic conditions. | Quan Yuan Xiaozhen Huang Junpeng Rui Shaojun Qiu Ralf Conrad | 2020 | Acta Geochimica2020，39，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Analysis of the microbial communities in soils of different ages following volcanic eruptions显示文摘Volcanism is a primary process of land formation.It provides a model for understanding soil-forming processes and the role of pioneer bacteria and/or archaea as early colonizers in those new environments.The objective of this study was to identify the microbial communities involved in soil formation.DNA was extracted from soil samples from the Llaima volcano in Chile at sites destroyed by lava in different centuries(1640,1751,and 1957).Bacterial and archaeal 16 S r RNA genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing.Results showed that microbial diversity increased with soil age,particularly between the 1751 and 1640 soils.For archaeal communities,Thaumarchaeota was detected in similar abundances in all soils,but Euryarchaeota was rare in the older soils.The analysis of bacterial 16 S r RNA genes showed high abundances of Chloroflexi(37%),Planctomycetes(18%),and Verrucomicrobia(10%)in the youngest soil.Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were highly abundant in the older soils(16%in 1640 and 15%in 1751 for Acidobacteria;38%in 1640 and 27%in 1751 for Proteobacteria).The microbial profiles in the youngest soils were unusual,with a high abundance of bacteria belonging to the order Ktedonobacterales(Chloroflexi)in the 1957 soil(37%)compared with the 1751(18%)and 1640(7%)soils.In this study,we show that there is a gradual establishment of the microbial community in volcanic soils following an eruption and that specific microbial groups can colonize during the early stages of recovery. | Marcela HERNáNDEZ Marcela CALABI Ralf CONRAD Marc G.DUMONT | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of O2 and CH4 on presence and activity of the indigenous methanotrophic community in rice field soil显示文摘 | Thilo Henckel Peter Roslev and Ralf Conrad | 2000 | Environmental Microbiology2000，2，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Linking Transgene Expression of Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Angiopoietin-1–induced Differentiation to Target Cancer Angiogenesis显示文摘 | Claudius Conrad Yves Hüsemann Hanno Niess Irene von Luettichau Ralf Huss Christian Bauer Karl-Walter Jauch Christoph A. Klein Christiane Bruns Peter J. Nelson | 2011 | Annals of Surgery2011，，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of methanogenic precursors (acetate, hydrogen, propionate) on the suppression of methane production by nitrate in anoxic rice field soil显示文摘 | Réal Roy Ralf Conrad | 1999 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology1999，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Inhibitory effects of nitrate, nitrite, NO and N 2 O on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanobacterium bryantii显示文摘 | H.Detlef Klüber Ralf Conrad | 1998 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology1998，，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Structure and activity of bacterial community inhabiring rice roots and the rhizosphere显示文摘 | Yahai Lu Dirk Rosencrantz Werner Liesack Ralf Conrad | 2006 | Environmental Microbiology2006，8，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of redox po- tential on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri显示文摘 | FETZER SILKE CONRAD RALF | 1993 | Archives of Microbiology1993，160，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Processes involved in formation and emission of methane in rice paddies显示文摘 | Helmut Schütz Wolfgang Seiler Ralf Conrad | 1989 | Biogeochemistry1989，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | In Situ Stable Isotope Probing of Methanogenic Archaea in the RicelRhizosphere显示文摘 | LU Y H RALF CONRAD | 2005 | Science2005，309，： | 1 |
| 16 | Control of microbial methane production in wetland rice fields显示文摘 | Ralf Conrad | 2002 | Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems2002，64，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Production of nitric oxide in Nitrosomonas europaea by reduction of nitrite显示文摘 | Armin Remde Ralf Conrad | 1990 | Archives of Microbiology1990，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in anoxic paddy soil显示文摘 | Christof Achtnich Friedhelm Bak Ralf Conrad | 1995 | Biology and Fertility of Soils1995，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Bacterial populations colonizing and degrading rice straw in anoxic paddy soil显示文摘 | SABINE WEBER STEPHAN STUBNER RALF CONRAD | 2001 | Appl Environ Microbiol2001，67，3： | 1 |
| 20 | The capacity of hydrogenotrophic anaerobic bacteria to compete for traces of hydrogen depends on the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor显示文摘 | Ralf Cord-Ruwisch Hans-Jürgen Seitz Ralf Conrad | 1988 | Archives of Microbiology1988，，4： | 1 |
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