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| 1 | The wonders of BMP9:From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism to regenerative medicine显示文摘Although bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle,it has since been determined that these proteins,as members of the TGF-b superfamily,play a diverse and critical array of biological roles.These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation,angiogenesis,and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems.Disruptions of the members of the TGF-b/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities,suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins.Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs,BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo,with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs.The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants,revealing the great translational promise of BMP9.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that,besides its osteogenic activity,BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions,including stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism.This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body. | Sami Mostafa Mikhail Pakvasa Elam Coalson Allen Zhu Alex Alverdy Hector Castillo Jiaming Fan Alex Li Yixiao Feng Di Wu Elliott Bishop Scott Du Mia Spezia Alissa Li Ofir Hagag Alison Deng Winny Liu Mingyang Li Sherwin S·Ho Aravind Athiviraham Michael J·Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Guillermo A·Ameer Hue H·Luu Rex C·Haydon Jason Strelzow Kelly Hynes Tong-Chuan He Russell R·Reid | 2019 | Genes & Diseases2019，6，3： | 15 |
| 2 | Transcriptomic landscape regulated by the 14 types of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)in lineage commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are ubiquitously-existing multipotent progenitors that can self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages including osteocytes,chondrocytes,adipocytes,tenocytes and myocytes.MSCs represent one of the most commonly-used adult progenitors and serve as excellent progenitor cell models for investigating lineagespecific differentiation regulated by various cellular signaling pathways,such as bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs).As members of TGFb superfamily,BMPs play diverse and important roles in development and adult tissues.At least 14 BMPs have been identified in mammals.Different BMPs exert distinct but overlapping biological functions.Through a comprehensive analysis of 14 BMPs in MSCs,we demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs in inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.Nonetheless,a global mechanistic view of BMP signaling in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs remains to be fully elucidated.Here,we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic profiling in the MSCs stimulated by 14 types of BMPs.Hierarchical clustering analysis classifies 14 BMPs into three subclusters:an osteo/chondrogenic/adipogenic cluster,a tenogenic cluster,and BMP3 cluster.We also demonstrate that six BMPs(e.g.,BMP2,BMP3,BMP4,BMP7,BMP8,and BMP9)can induce ISmads effectively,while BMP2,BMP3,BMP4,BMP7,and BMP11 up-regulate Smad-independent MAP kinase pathway.Furthermore,we show that many BMPs can upregulate the expression of the signal mediators of Wnt,Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.While the reported transcriptomic changes need to be further validated,our expression profiling represents the first-of-its-kind to interrogate a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape regulated by the 14 types of BMPs in MSCs. | Linghuan Zhang Qing Luo Yi Shu Zongyue Zeng Bo Huang Yixiao Feng Bo Zhang Xi Wang Yan Lei Zhenyu Ye Ling Zhao Daigui Cao Lijuan Yang Xian Chen Bin Liu William Wagstaff Russell R*Reid Hue H*Luu Rex C*Haydon Michael J*Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Zhou Fu Tong-Chuan He Quan Kang | 2019 | Genes & Diseases2019，6，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Resistance of Candida species to wfluconazole显示文摘 | Rex J H Rinaldi M G Pfaller M A | 2005 | Agent Chemother2005，49，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Quality indicators for colonoscopy显示文摘 | REX D K PETRINI J L BARON T H | 2006 | Am J Gastroenterol2006，101，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Quality in the technical per- formance of colonoscopy and the continuous quality improvement process for colonoscopy: recommendations of the US Multi - Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer显示文摘 | Rex D K Bond J H Winawer S | 2002 | The American journal of gastro- enterology2002，97，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Standardization of a fluconazole bioassay and correlation of results with those obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography显示文摘 | REX J H HANSON L H AMANTEA M A | 1991 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother1991，35，： | 1 |
| 7 | Defining Opportunistic Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients with Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: An International Consensus显示文摘 | Ascioglu S Rex J H PauwB de | 2002 | Clin Infect Dis2002，34，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Quality in- dicators for colonoscopy显示文摘 | REX D K PERINI J L BARON T H | 2006 | Am J Gastroenterol2006，101，： | 1 |
| 9 | Relative sensitivity of colonoscopy and barium enema for detection of colorectal cancer in clinical practice显示文摘 | Rex D K Rahmani E Y Haseman J H | 1997 | Gastroenterology1997，112，： | 1 |
| 10 | Antifungal susceptibility testing:practical aspects and current challenges显示文摘 | Michael A Pfaller Thomas J Walsh | 2001 | Clinical Microbiology Reviews2001，14，： | 1 |
| 11 | Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against voricon azole ; analysis and proposal for interpretive breakpoints显示文摘 | Pfaller M A Diekema D J Rex J H | 2006 | J Clin Microbiol2006，44，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants:An international consensus显示文摘 | Ascioglu S Rex J H de Pauw B | 2002 | Clin Infect Dis2002，34，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Practice guideline for the treatment of candidiasis显示文摘 | Rex J H Walsh T J Sobel J D | 2000 | Clin Infect Dis2000，30，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Solubility of COa in sulfonate ionic liquids at high pressure显示文摘 | Zhang S J Chen Y H Ren Rex X F | 2005 | J Chem Eng Data2005，50，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Defining opportunistic and hematopoietic stem cell transplants : all international consensus 显示文摘 | Ascioglu S Rex J H de Pauw B | 2002 | Clin Infect Dis2002，34，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole显示文摘 | Rex J H Rinaldi M G Pfaller M A | 1995 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother1995，39，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2 000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States显示文摘 | Ostrosky-Zeichner L Rex J H Pappas P G | 2003 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2003，47，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Guideline for treatment of candidiasis显示文摘 | PAPPAS P G REX J H SOBEL J D | 2004 | Clin Infect Dis2004，38，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of correlation of in vitrodata with clinical outcome 显示文摘 | Ghannoum M A Rex J H Galgiani J N | 1996 | J Clin Microbiol1996，34，： | 1 |
| 20 | Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis显示文摘 | Rex J H Walsh T J Sobel J D | 2000 | Clin Infect Dis2000，30，： | 1 |
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